CN113522284B - 一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料及其制备方法和应用,片状载体裁剪成正方形,并清洗除去片状载体表面的杂质;烘干;将氯化亚铜和CTAB倒入氯化钠溶液中,放入片状载体进行搅拌3min,后加入磷酸三钠溶液,溶液变为黄色,搅拌均匀后静置3h;得到的氧化亚铜薄膜;将制备的氧化亚铜薄膜在干燥箱中50℃干燥6h。本发明获得的处理抗生素废液的复合材料的应用,用于处理抗生素废液,且可以通过光降解作用将污染物抗生素彻底降解为小分子,能有效降低环境中抗生素的浓度。该催化剂不需要成型,可直接应用于各种污染现场,大大降低了污染物处理的设备费用和其他经济成本,是一种低成本、高效率的光催化材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
抗生素是人类疾病治疗、动植物病害防控的重要化学药物,大量抗生素的使用保障了人们身体健康的同时也给生态环境造成了污染。这类化合物由人体和动物摄入后,部分会被吸收,但仍有一部分以母体结构形式流入土壤环境造成破坏,并通过食物链再次进入人体构成健康威胁。尽管抗生素在环境中的残留量极低,不会直接对人体造成危害,但是较低的抗生素浓度无法抑制细菌生长,反而使环境中微生物抗药性提高,产生大量耐药菌。同时,耐药菌通过基因突变、基因转移等方式获得抗性基因,由此导致的抗性基因污染对生态环境和人类健康造成巨大威胁。因此人们急需一种适用于降解废水中抗生素的技术方案。氧化亚铜作为低带隙、易被可见光激发的一种极具应用前景的光催化剂,在涂料、气体探测、玻璃、工农业催化等各种领域都有着十分重要的作用。而单纯使用氧化亚铜粉末状的催化剂,具有难分离、电子和空穴易复合等问题。
发明内容
本发明解决了氧化亚铜在实际应用中易团聚,难回收的问题,并制备了一种具有强化分散性能的泡沫铜/氧化亚铜新型复合材料,该方法合成的氧化亚铜具有特殊的针状形貌,可均匀分散于泡沫铜的表面,此方法能将载体功能化,赋予材料抗菌性能和光催化性能,可用于处理各种大分子环境污染物,能将污染物降解为小分子。该材料可直接在太阳光下对污染物进行处理,处理条件温和,无二次污染且容易回收进行重复利用。
具体的技术方案为:
一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)片状载体裁剪成正方形,并清洗除去片状载体表面的杂质;烘干;所述的片状载体为泡沫铜、金属片、无纺布,PVC塑料;片状载体裁剪成2cm×2cm正方形;
(2)配制溶液
配制5mol/L的氯化钠溶液和1mol/L的磷酸三钠溶液;称取氯化亚铜作为铜源,CTAB表面活性剂作为添加剂;
(3)薄膜制备
将氯化亚铜和CTAB倒入氯化钠溶液中,放入片状载体进行搅拌3min,后加入磷酸三钠溶液,溶液变为黄色,搅拌均匀后静置3h;得到的氧化亚铜薄膜;
(4)样品干燥:
将制备的氧化亚铜薄膜在干燥箱中50℃干燥6h。
原料的用量为:每片片状载体,取100ml配制好的氯化钠溶液,1g氯化亚铜和0.5gCTAB,10ml磷酸三钠溶液。
片状载体的清洗方法为,依次分别用1mol/L的稀盐酸、无水乙醇、蒸馏水各进行超声清洗15min以除去片状载体表面的杂质。
本发明提供的一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料,由所述的制备方法所得。
本发明获得的处理抗生素废液的复合材料的应用,用于处理抗生素废液。
本发明提供的光催化剂易于分离和回收利用,且可以通过光降解作用将污染物抗生素彻底降解为小分子,这对于日益严重的抗性污染现状具有重大的意义,其广泛推广能有效降低环境中抗生素的浓度。该催化剂不需要成型,可直接应用于各种污染现场,大大降低了污染物处理的设备费用和其他经济成本,是一种低成本、高效率的光催化材料。
本发明提供的催化复合材料可将氧化亚铜负载于泡沫铜上,属于固载型催化剂,因此可以作为固定式光催化反应器的催化剂,如可制备为转盘式光催化反应器。也可将泡沫铜成型为管状,从而构建膜组件光催化反应器。该负载材料既具固载的性能,又能解决固定式光催化反应器接触面积相对较低的问题,是一种非常有潜力的光催化材料。
附图说明
图1为实施例不同样品的XRD图谱;
图2为实施例为不同样品紫外-可见吸收光谱;
图3为实施例不同薄膜的扫描电镜图;
图4为实施例不同样品光催化降解曲线;
图5为实施例不同条件下样品对四环素影响;
图6为实施例不同初始浓度对降解率影响。
具体实施方式
结合实施例说明本发明的具体技术方案。
本实施例的片状载体采用泡沫铜,也可以采用铜片等金属片状载体,也可使用无纺布,PVC塑料等,同样能够实现高催化活性和回收性能。制备方法是一样的。
本实施案例采用的是氧化亚铜水解法,氧化亚铜水解法是从Cu(I)出发,在碱性条件下,通过水解反应而生成Cu2O,在配置好的5mol/L氯化钠溶液中加入CuCl和CTAB表面活性剂,放置在磁力搅拌器,温度为60℃下搅拌均匀,之后加入适宜量的磷酸三钠(Na3PO4)溶液,充分反应得到黄色的悬浊液。将其离心、得到黄色的悬浊液。
其反应原理为,Na3PO4水解生成OH-使溶液显碱性使溶液显碱性PO4 3-+H2O→HPO4 2-+OH-,Cu+便与氢氧根反应生成CuOH;CuOH不稳定,会分解为Cu2O。反应式为Cu++OH-→CuOH。磷酸根离子除了水解提供弱碱性以外,还可以为表面活性剂自组装结构的形成产生积极影响。
(1)采用购买的商用泡沫铜,将其裁剪成2cm×2cm的正方形,分别用1mol/L的稀盐酸、无水乙醇、蒸馏水各进行超声清洗15min以除去泡沫铜表面的杂质;并放入真空干燥箱或自然烘干,单次可处理多张泡沫铜以备用,把干燥后的泡沫铜称重记为m1,标注后放入干燥环境种保存。
(2)配制溶液,配制5mol/L的氯化钠溶液和1mol/L的磷酸三钠溶液。称取1g氯化亚铜作为铜源和0.5gCTAB作为添加剂;。
(3)薄膜制备,取100ml配制好的氯化钠溶液于250ml的烧杯中,将称量好的1g氯化亚铜和0.5gCTAB倒入溶液中,放入泡沫铜进行搅拌3min,后加入10ml磷酸三钠,溶液变为黄色,搅拌均匀后静置3h。得到质地均匀不易氧化的氧化亚铜薄膜。
(4)样品干燥:将制备的薄膜样品在干燥箱中50℃干燥6h,并称量负有Cu2O的泡沫铜的质量m2,m2减m1即得负载到泡沫铜上Cu2O的质量。
合成的材料表征结果图1,不同样品的XRD图谱,图中(a)为本实施例获得的氧化亚铜/泡沫铜复合材料,(b)Cu2O粉末,(c)泡沫铜载体。
图2为不同样品紫外-可见吸收光谱,(a)化学浴沉积法样品,(b)水解法样品(c)泡沫铜。
图3为不同薄膜的扫描电镜图,(a)水解法薄膜表面,(b)水解法薄膜表面放大图,(c)化学浴沉积法薄膜表面,(d)化学浴沉积法薄膜表面放大图,(e)循环后水解法薄膜,(f)循环后薄膜表面物质;
根据前面的XRD图和UV-vis图,说明,合成的复合材料是氧化亚铜与泡沫铜的复合结构。扫描电镜图可以看出,水解法制备氧化亚铜薄膜是由一些排布紧密、形状酷似草丛的规则区域构成,每颗草都是由许多长刺状的叶片构成,叶片长约1微米,宽度约为30-60nm,这些分散突起的长刺棱角分明、互不干扰,共同形成致密的薄层。文献([李树元,纳米氧化亚铜的制备及其光催化性能研究.武汉理工大学,湖北,武汉,2006。)]中的水解法过通常合成的氧化亚铜为圆形颗粒,尺寸为20-100纳米。而本发明的技术方案,通过控制合成条件,合成了比圆形颗粒状氧化亚铜催化效果更好的草丛状氧化亚铜,氧化亚铜以长约1微米,宽度约为30-60nm的棒状结构存在,该结构具有更好的光吸收功能,且不易发生电子和空穴的复合,具有更好的光催化性能。
图4为不同样品光催化降解曲线,(a)水解法薄膜,(b)Cu2O粉末,(c)化学浴沉积法薄膜;由图4可见,随着反应时间的延长,两种氧化亚铜薄膜及Cu2O粉末均呈现出降解率缓慢增大的趋势。前2h降解幅度显著提高,在反应时间4h后,降解速率提高率并不明显;其中水解法制备的薄膜在时间6h左右达到反应平衡,最终降解率为92%;与之相比,化学浴沉积法制备的薄膜降解平衡时间需要4h,但降解率最高为82.5%。纯Cu2O粉末的降解率为89%,说明复合材料的催化性能高于纯氧化亚铜粉末。
由图5可得到,黑暗条件下氧化亚铜复合材料与四环素溶液发生吸附作用,降解率不足10%,可以确定吸附没有起到主要作用。泡沫铜载体对四环素的降解效果几乎没有,综上可以有力的说明对降解效果起作用的正是氧化亚铜薄膜。
图6为不同初始浓度对降解率影响,(a)10mg/L四环素,(b)30mg/L四环素,(c)50mg/L四环素。从图6中可以看出,当初始浓度在小于30mg/L时,四环素最终降解率达到72.5%,而当初始浓度大于30mg/L时,随着浓度的增大,其降解率大幅度降低,在初始浓度50mg/L时,四环素降解率只达到66%。其降解率大幅下降。在初始浓度30mg/L时,光催化降解率最高达到92%。根据实验结果,并充分考虑四环素降解速率与光催化效率之间的关系,基于本实验的反应条件,可以确定四环素的最佳初始浓度为30mg/L。
循环试验表明,连续循环使用4次之后,氧化亚铜复合材料降解率仍能达到50%以上。由此可见,水解法制备的氧化亚铜复合材料具有一定的重复利用价值。
Claims (4)
1.一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)片状载体裁剪成正方形,并清洗除去片状载体表面的杂质;烘干;
片状载体为泡沫铜、金属片、无纺布,PVC塑料;片状载体裁剪成2cm×2cm正方形;
(2)配制溶液
配制5mol/L的氯化钠溶液和1mol/L的磷酸三钠溶液;称取氯化亚铜作为铜源,CTAB表面活性剂作为添加剂;
(3)薄膜制备
每片片状载体,取100ml配制好的氯化钠溶液,1g氯化亚铜和0.5gCTAB,10ml磷酸三钠溶液;将氯化亚铜和CTAB倒入氯化钠溶液中,放入片状载体进行搅拌3min,后加入磷酸三钠溶液,溶液变为黄色,搅拌均匀后静置3h;得到的氧化亚铜薄膜;
(4)样品干燥:
将制备的氧化亚铜薄膜在干燥箱中50℃干燥6h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,片状载体的清洗方法为,依次分别用1mol/L的稀盐酸、无水乙醇、蒸馏水各进行超声清洗15min以除去片状载体表面的杂质。
3.一种处理抗生素废液的复合材料,其特征在于,根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法所得。
4.一种如权利要求3所述的处理抗生素废液的复合材料的应用,其特征在于,用于处理抗生素废液。
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