CN113517471A - Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and application thereof - Google Patents
Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113517471A CN113517471A CN202110538191.7A CN202110538191A CN113517471A CN 113517471 A CN113517471 A CN 113517471A CN 202110538191 A CN202110538191 A CN 202110538191A CN 113517471 A CN113517471 A CN 113517471A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
A lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt, a first additive and a second additive; the first additive is a sulfonate material, and the second additive is a caged silicate material containing nitrogen atoms. The novel cyclic sulfonate additive provided by the invention is used for preparing a non-aqueous lithium ion electrolyte, is applied to a lithium ion battery, and can form a flexible, thin and uniform SEI film on the surface of a battery cathode; meanwhile, the caged silicate material containing nitrogen atoms has the acid removal capability and can inhibit LiPF6HF in the system is decomposed and complexed, the surface of the anode is passivated, capacity attenuation during high-temperature circulation is inhibited, high-temperature circulation performance and storage characteristics are improved, gas generation during high-temperature storage of the lithium ion battery is inhibited, and the circulation life is prolonged. In addition, the caged silicate isHas certain lithium ion coordination capacity and improves the transference number of lithium ions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and application thereof.
Background
The lithium ion battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode, a nonaqueous electrolyte and a negative electrode.
As a negative electrode constituting a lithium ion battery, for example, metallic lithium, a metal compound capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium (for example, a metal monomer, an oxide, an alloy with lithium, or the like), a carbon material, and the like are known, and in particular, a lithium ion battery using a carbon material such as artificial graphite or natural graphite capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium is widely used. In the lithium ion battery using a highly-crystallized carbon material such as natural graphite or artificial graphite as a negative electrode material, a non-aqueous solvent in a non-aqueous electrolyte is reductively decomposed on the surface of the negative electrode during charging, and thus the decomposed product or gas generated by the reductive decomposition hinders the original electrochemical reaction of the battery, thereby deteriorating the cycle characteristics.
In addition, it is known that: lithium ion batteries using lithium metal and alloys thereof, simple metals such as silicon and tin, and oxides as negative electrode materials have a high initial capacity, but the negative electrode materials are increasingly micronized during cycling, and therefore, compared with negative electrodes made of carbon materials, reductive decomposition of a nonaqueous solvent is more likely to occur, resulting in a significant reduction in battery performance, such as battery capacity and cycling characteristics.
Further, LiCoO is known as a positive electrode2、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2、LiFePO4And the like. When the lithium ion battery using these materials is heated in a charged state, the nonaqueous solvent in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is partially oxidized and decomposed at the interface between the positive electrode material and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and the decomposed product and gas generated thereby inhibit the original electrochemical reaction of the battery, resulting in deterioration of performance such as battery cycle characteristics.
In order to overcome the local decomposition of these positive and negative electrodes and to improve the battery performance represented by long-term durability and output characteristics, it is important for the SEI to have high ion conductivity, low electron conductivity and stable formation over a long period of time, and it is common to add a small amount of additives of cyclic sulfonic acid esters, such as DTD, PST, PS and the like, to the electrolyte solution to promote the formation of the SEI film, thereby achieving the purpose of suppressing the decomposition reaction of the solvent on the negative electrode, suppressing the decrease in the capacity of the battery during high-temperature storage, suppressing the generation of gas, and suppressing the deterioration of the load characteristics of the battery.
In recent years, japanese patent JP2017003964 proposes a nonaqueous electrolytic solution using cyclic sulfonate and unsaturated silane as additives, which can improve the high-temperature storage performance of a lithium battery and inhibit gas generation, but in the patent, the cyclic sulfonate material has poor thermal stability, a high acid value and a risk of capacity fading during high-temperature cycling.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte containing a novel cyclic sulfonate additive and a nitrogen atom-containing caged silicate material, and the non-aqueous electrolyte is applied to a lithium ion battery, so that the high-temperature cycle performance and the storage characteristic can be effectively improved, and gas generation during high-temperature storage can be effectively inhibited.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte, which comprises a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt, a first additive and a second additive; the first additive is a sulfonate material, and the second additive is a caged silicate material containing nitrogen atoms.
Specifically, the first additive is represented by formula I:
wherein R is one of the following groups:
a hydrogen atom; a fluorine atom; a phenyl group; tolyl; xylyl; phenyl containing 1 to 5 fluorine atoms or 1 to 3 nitro groups; a C1-6 directly or indirectly linked alkyl group; a C1-6 direct or non-direct alkylene group; an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and containing a fluorine atom; a C1-6 alkyl group containing at least one of hetero atoms such as N, S, O;
in the formula I, n is a positive integer of 1-3;
specifically, the first additive is described in detail in Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol.38, No.6,2002, pp.889-894.
Specifically, the second additive is represented by formula II or formula III:
wherein R is1、R2、R3Each independently is one of the following groups:
C1-C4 alkyl; an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; a cyclohexyl group; a phenyl group; a fluorine-containing phenyl group.
Specifically, the second additive is a rodenticide, and the preparation method is reported in the literature, and the reference literature is as follows: russian Journal of General Chemistry, Vol 83, Issue 11, pp2117-2118, 2013; organic chemistry, Issue 2, Pages 109-12, 1982; such materials are described in Japanese patent JP 2010270212 et al.
Further, the first additive is one of the following structural formulas:
further, the second additive is one of the following structural formulas:
further, the mass content of the first additive is 0.05 wt% -10 wt% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
Still further, the mass content of the first additive is 0.5 wt% -3 wt% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
Further, the mass content of the second additive is 0.03-5 wt% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
And further, the mass content of the second additive is 0.1-2 wt% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
Further, the electrolyte lithium salt is LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4One or more than two of LiBOB, LiODFB, LiTDI, LiTFSI and LiFSI.
Further, the content of the electrolyte lithium salt is 10 wt% -20 wt% based on the total mass of the electrolyte.
Further, the organic solvent includes one selected from the group consisting of ester solvents and amide solvents, or a mixture of two or more thereof. Still further, the ester solvent is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a cyclic carbonate compound, a direct-bonded ester compound and a cyclic ester compound. For example: the non-aqueous solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, 1, 4-butyrolactone, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate and ethyl butyrate.
The invention also aims to provide application of the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery in the lithium ion battery.
The present invention also provides a lithium ion battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator provided between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the novel cyclic sulfonate additive provided by the invention is used for preparing a non-aqueous lithium ion electrolyte, is applied to a lithium ion battery, and can form a flexible, thin and uniform SEI film on the surface of a battery cathode; meanwhile, the caged silicate material containing nitrogen atoms has the acid removal capability and can inhibit LiPF6HF in the system is decomposed and complexed, the surface of the anode is passivated, capacity attenuation during high-temperature circulation is inhibited, high-temperature circulation performance and storage characteristics are improved, gas generation during high-temperature storage of the lithium ion battery is inhibited, and the circulation life is prolonged. In addition, the caged silicate also has certain lithium ion coordination capacity, and improves the transference number of lithium ions.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples, which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The reagents, materials and apparatuses used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are all commercially available as conventional reagents, conventional materials and conventional apparatuses unless otherwise specified, and the reagents involved therein can also be synthesized by conventional synthesis methods.
Battery embodiment
The formulations of the nonaqueous electrolytic solutions for lithium ion batteries listed in battery examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 6 and the corresponding battery positive electrode materials are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 formulation of nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries of Battery examples 1-12 and comparative examples 1-6
The method for preparing the lithium ion button cell by using the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolyte in the battery examples 1-12 and the lithium ion batteries in the comparative examples 1-6 comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of positive plate
With LiCoO2The positive electrode material is exemplified by: the positive electrode LiCoO2Mixing the powder, carbon black (particle size of 1000nm), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N, N-dimethyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to obtain uniform slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on an aluminum foil (15 μm) current collector, drying, and rolling to obtain LiCoO2And (3) a positive electrode material. Baking at 120 deg.C for 12 hr, drying, and adding LiCoO294 wt% of the total coating, 4 wt% of binder and 2 wt% of carbon black. And then cutting the obtained pole piece into a circular sheet with the diameter of 8mm as a positive electrode. Other cathode materials LiMn2O4And LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2Prepared by the same method.
(2) Preparation of negative plate
Taking the artificial graphite negative electrode material as an example: the carbon cathode material is prepared by mixing artificial graphite, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare uniform slurry, uniformly coating the slurry on a copper foil (15 mu m) current collector, and then drying and rolling the copper foil current collector. Drying at 120 ℃ for 12h, wherein in the dried pole piece, graphite accounts for 96.4 wt% of the total coating, and binder accounts for 3.6 wt%, and then cutting the obtained pole piece into a circular sheet with the diameter of 8mm as a negative electrode.
(3) Preparation of electrolyte
Dissolving lithium salt in a solvent in an argon atmosphere glove box with the water content less than 1ppm, adding corresponding additives, and uniformly mixing to obtain an electrolyte;
(4) preparation of lithium ion battery
And (3) assembling the CR2430 button cell by using the materials in the steps (1) and (2) as working electrodes and using Celgard 2400 membrane (Tianjin) as a diaphragm. The assembly sequence is as follows from the negative pole to the positive pole: the negative electrode shell, the elastic sheet, the gasket, the negative electrode sheet, the electrolyte, the diaphragm, the positive electrode sheet and the positive electrode shell are sealed by a sealing machine. The operation is completed in a pure argon glove box, and the mixture is taken out after standing for 6 hours for electrochemical performance test.
Lithium ion battery performance testing
Test one, high temperature cycle performance test
The prepared batteries were subjected to the following tests, respectively:
(1) charging the battery to 4.3V at a constant current of 0.1C multiplying power at 45 ℃, and then discharging to 2.7V at a constant current of a corresponding multiplying power, wherein the first circulation is realized;
(2) after the first circulation is finished, charging to 4.3V at a constant current of 1.0C multiplying power, then discharging to 2.7V at a constant current of a corresponding multiplying power, respectively carrying out 50 times, 100 times and 500 times of circulation tests according to the circulation condition, and respectively calculating to obtain the capacity retention rate of the battery after 50 times, 100 times and 500 times of circulation, wherein the capacity retention rate after the circulation is calculated according to the following formula. The relevant test data obtained for each cell is shown in table 2; in Table 2, the batteries 1 to 12 correspond to examples 1 to 12 in this order, and the batteries 1# to 6# correspond to comparative examples 1 to 6 in this order.
Capacity retention after cycling ═ 100% (discharge capacity after corresponding number of cycles/discharge capacity at first cycle).
TABLE 245 ℃ Cyclic Performance test results for batteries
From the data of table 2 for different batteries, it is found that the lithium battery made by using the additive provided by the invention has cycle stability at 45 ℃, and the capacity retention rate is much higher than that of battery 1# without the additive, and even if the additive is used in commercialization compared with batteries 2# to 6#, the battery capacity retention rate of 500 cycles also shows obvious advantages.
After 100 cycles, the batteries prepared in examples 1 to 12 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were subjected to a post-cycle thermal stability test:
charging to 4.3V at a constant current of 0.5C and charging to 0.025C at a constant voltage of 4.3V at 25 ℃, keeping the battery in a full charge state of 4.3V, storing the battery in a high-temperature furnace at 65 ℃ for 15 days, and simultaneously testing the voltage drop of the battery in the high-temperature furnace and the volume change of the battery after the test, wherein the test data are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, the batteries 1 to 12 correspond to examples 1 to 12 in this order, and the batteries 1# to 6# correspond to comparative examples 1 to 6 in this order.
Wherein, the voltage drop change rate (%) after the high-temperature storage of the lithium ion battery is (the voltage before the high-temperature storage of the lithium ion battery-the voltage after the high-temperature storage of the lithium ion battery)/the voltage before the high-temperature storage of the lithium ion battery is multiplied by 100%;
the lithium ion battery volume change rate after high temperature storage (%) (volume after high temperature storage of lithium ion battery-volume before high temperature storage of lithium ion battery)/volume before high temperature storage of lithium ion battery x 100%.
TABLE 3 thermal stability of the cells after cycling
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with the state of the batteries 1# -6# subjected to 100 cycles and subjected to the thermal stability test, the voltage drop change rate of the batteries 1-12 subjected to 100 cycles and subjected to the thermal stability test at high temperature is only 11-15%, which is much lower than that of the batteries 1# -6 #.
In addition, the volume change rate is also greatly different, the volume expansion of the batteries 1# to 6# is obvious, and after the batteries 1 to 12 are cycled for many times, the volume change rate of the high-temperature storage is only 4 to 7 percent and is far less than that of the batteries 1# to 6 #. Therefore, the electrolyte containing the novel cyclic sulfonate additive and the nitrogen atom-containing caged silicate additive provided by the invention can be applied to the lithium ion battery, can greatly improve the thermal stability of the lithium ion battery after multiple cycles, inhibits the decomposition and gas production of the electrolyte, and has good application prospect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a non-aqueous solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt, a first additive and a second additive; the first additive is a sulfonate material, and the second additive is a caged silicate material containing nitrogen atoms.
2. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for the lithium ion battery of claim 1, wherein the first additive is represented by formula I, and the second additive is represented by formula II or formula III;
wherein R is one of the following groups:
a hydrogen atom; a fluorine atom; a phenyl group; tolyl; xylyl; phenyl containing 1 to 5 fluorine atoms or 1 to 3 nitro groups; a C1-6 directly or indirectly linked alkyl group; a C1-6 direct or non-direct alkylene group; an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and containing a fluorine atom; an C1-6 alkyl group containing at least one of N, S, O heteroatoms;
in the formula I, n is a positive integer of 1-3;
wherein R is1、R2、R3Each independently is one of the following groups:
C1-C4 alkyl; an unsaturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; a cyclohexyl group; a phenyl group; a fluorine-containing phenyl group.
3. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries according to claim 2, wherein the first additive is one of the following structural formulas:
4. the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries according to claim 2, wherein the second additive is one of the following structural formulas:
5. the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content by mass of the first additive is 0.05 to 10% by mass and the content by mass of the second additive is 0.03 to 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the electrolyte solution.
6. The nonaqueous electrolyte for lithium ion batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the electrolyte lithium salt is LiPF6、LiClO4、LiBF4One or more than two of LiBOB, LiODFB, LiTDI, LiTFSI and LiFSI.
7. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the content of the electrolyte lithium salt is 10 to 20% by weight based on the total mass of the electrolyte solution.
8. The nonaqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the nonaqueous solvent is one or more selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, 1, 4-butyrolactone, methyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate and ethyl butyrate.
9. Use of the non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in a lithium ion battery.
10. A lithium ion battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator provided between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is the lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| JP2007112906A (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2007-05-10 | Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corp | Polymer electrolyte composition containing aromatic hydrocarbon-based resin and cage-like silsesquioxane |
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