CN113517373A - 一种碲基室温太赫兹探测器件 - Google Patents
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- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001659 ion-beam spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碲基室温太赫兹探测器件,器件具有金属‑半导体‑金属结构,半导体选用碲纳米片材料,选用钛和金做金属电极。Te太赫兹探测器在室温下斩波频率1kHz,172GHz的工作频率下响应时间仅为9.7μs,响应率高达600kV/W,在1V偏置和1kHz调制频率下的NEP低于0.1pW/Hz0 . 5。探测器经过被两次加热至200℃20分钟再冷却后,响应基本保持不变。Te太赫兹探测器具有以下优点:1、结构简单;2、可室温工作;3、器件灵敏度高;4、响应速度快;5、稳定性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太赫兹探测领域,具体是指一种碲基室温太赫兹探测器件。
背景技术
太赫兹(THz)覆盖0.1~10太赫兹的范围,是介于红外和微波之间的空隙波段[1]。太赫兹波具有穿透性强、使用安全性高、定向性好、带宽高等技术特性,有很大的潜在应用价值。目前红外和微波探测技术已经发展较成熟,而太赫兹波是人类迄今为止了解较少,开发较少的一个波段,亟需发展可高温工作、灵敏度高的太赫兹探测器。
碲(Te)是一种重要的p型窄带隙半导体,带隙为0.3eV,稳定性好。曾被制备成光电导型探测器,1961年理论上计算在3.4μm处的碲探测器的NEP值可以达到3.1×10-13W[2]。这种光电探测存在着波长(光子能量)选择性的问题,探测波段取决于带隙的大小,并且在中远红外电磁波段,由于热噪声能量的存在,热噪声激发与光学激发形成竞争机制,从而探测效率显著下降,需要低温(4.2K,77K)甚至是深低温(100-300mK)制冷。本发明基于新提出的光诱导势阱效应新机理,设计了一种基于Te材料的金属-半导体-金属(MSM)结构太赫兹探测器件[3]。当用0.7meV能量(远小于Te禁带宽度0.3eV)的光子入射到设计的金属-半导体-金属(MSM)结构上时,将在Te材料中诱导产生势阱。金属电极中的自由电子将进入半导体材料Te中,并被诱导产生的势阱束缚,使得Te中载流子浓度发生改变,材料的电导率也相应发生改变。通过外加偏置电场读出信号,进而实现太赫兹波段的室温高灵敏度探测。
以上涉及的参考文献如下:
1.B.Ferguson and X.-C.Zhang,Materials for terahertz science andtechnology,Nat.Mater.1,26–33(2002).
2.D.Genzow,Infrared Photovoltaic Radiation Detector with TelluriumSingle Crystals,Phys.Stat.Sol.(a)1,K77(1971).
3.Zhiming Huang,Wei Zhou,Jinchao Tong,Jingguo Huang,Cheng Ouyang,YueQu,Jing Wu,Yanqing Gao,and Junhao Chu,Extreme Sensitivity of Room-TemperaturePhotoelectric Effect for Terahertz Detection,Adv.Mater.28,112–117(2016).
发明内容
针对远红外太赫兹波段探测器探测率灵敏度低、结构复杂、需深低温制冷等问题,本发明设计了一种碲基室温太赫兹探测器件,该探测器可实现探测光子能量远小于碲的禁带宽度、探测器灵敏度高、响应速度快,稳定性好且可室温工作。
本发明一种碲基室温太赫兹探测器件采用高阻硅衬底1,衬底上有一层自然氧化的二氧化硅层2,将碲纳米片3转移到二氧化硅层2上,然后在碲纳米片上制备左右对称的蝶形正电极层4和蝶形负电极层5;
所述的高阻硅衬底1厚度为0.5mm,电阻率10000Ω·cm;
所述的自然氧化的二氧化硅2厚度25nm;
所述的碲纳米片3是用化学气相沉积法制备的单晶材料,纳米片厚度为300-500nm,宽度为5-10μm,长度为10-30μm;
所述的蝶形正电极层4和蝶形负电极层5都采用30nm厚的钛和300nm厚的金,先溅射钛再溅射金,由钛和金正负电极层覆盖在碲纳米片3形成的台阶的表面和边缘,形成金属-半导体-金属结构,并在接触处形成欧姆接触,其中大部分的电极层都生长在台阶两侧的表面上;蝶形正电极层4和蝶形负电极层5围绕器件两边分别呈和形状镜像对称分布;所述的蝶形正电极层4和蝶形负电极层5的上端面形成左右对称的蝶形天线,具体尺寸为:电极宽度w为500μm,两端总长度l为4000μm,电极间距a即敏感元长度为5-10μm,与敏感元接触处的电极宽度即敏感元宽度b为5-10μm。
探测器的俯视示意图如附图1所示,器件中心处的截面及平面示意图如图2所示,1为高阻硅,2为自然氧化的二氧化硅,3为碲纳米片,4为钛金正电极层,5为钛金负电极层。
本发明所设计的探测器结构通过以下具体的工艺步骤来实现:
1.衬底选择
选用高阻硅(Si)衬底,衬底表面有一层自然氧化的二氧化硅(SiO2)。
2.碲纳米片的制备和转移
采用化学气相沉积法制备了碲纳米片,通过机械剥离将碲纳米片转移到衬底表面。
3.光刻
在转移了碲纳米的硅衬底样品表面旋涂一层光刻胶,将样品放入干燥器中干燥,用蝶形掩膜板掩盖住电极后用光刻机进行曝光。
4.显影
将曝光好的样品放入配好的显影液中进行显影,显影好后取出样品放入干燥箱中进行后烘处理。
5.溅射电极
将样品放入双离子束溅射室中,依次溅射一定厚度的钛和金。
6.剥离
将样品放入装有丙酮溶液的烧杯中,在水浴中加热后,多余的金属膜会脱落。
附图说明
附图1为探测器俯视示意图。
附图2为器件中心处的截面及平面示意图。
附图中标号:1为高阻硅衬底,2为自然氧化的二氧化硅层,3为碲纳米片,4蝶形正电极层,5蝶形负电极层。
附图3为探测器在室温下斩波频率1kHz,172GHz的工作频率下响应波形图。
附图4为169-173GHz范围内的Te太赫兹探测器的响应度和噪声等效功率。
附图5为器件被两次加热至200℃20分钟再冷却后的波形图。
具体实施方式
依照附图1所示的结构,制作了三种类型实施例探测器件。
实施例探测器1采用高阻硅衬底,衬底厚度为0.5mm,电阻率10000Ω·cm,衬底上有一层25nm厚的二氧化硅层,将Te纳米片利用机械剥离的方法转移到二氧化硅层上,在转移了Te纳米片的样品表面,利用光刻及双离子束溅射制备蝶形正电极层和负电极层,溅射时先溅射30nm厚的钛,再溅射300nm厚的金,电极宽度为500μm,两端总长度为4000μm,电极间距即敏感元长度为5μm,与敏感元接触处的电极宽度即敏感元宽度为5μm。
实施例探测器2采用高阻硅衬底,衬底厚度为0.5mm,电阻率10000Ω·cm,衬底上有一层25nm厚的二氧化硅层,将Te纳米片利用机械剥离的方法转移到二氧化硅层上,在转移了Te纳米片的样品表面,利用光刻及双离子束溅射制备蝶形正电极层和负电极层,溅射时先溅射30nm厚的钛,再溅射300nm厚的金,电极宽度为500μm,两端总长度为4000μm,电极间距即敏感元长度为5μm,与敏感元接触处的电极宽度即敏感元宽度为10μm。
实施例探测器3采用高阻硅衬底,衬底厚度为0.5mm,电阻率10000Ω·cm,衬底上有一层25nm厚的二氧化硅层,将Te纳米片利用机械剥离的方法转移到二氧化硅层上,在转移了Te纳米片的样品表面,利用光刻及双离子束溅射制备蝶形正电极层和负电极层,溅射时先溅射30nm厚的钛,再溅射300nm厚的金,电极宽度为500μm,两端总长度为4000μm,电极间距即敏感元长度为10μm,与敏感元接触处的电极宽度即敏感元宽度为10μm。
下面提供通过介绍具体实验步骤对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
1.碲纳米片材料的制备
将氡前驱体放入石英舟中,然后将此石英舟放置在管式炉腔内的高温反应区;将倒置的Si/SiO2衬底放置在石英舟上,然后将此石英舟放置在低温生长区。抽真空后,抽入氩气,排出石英管中的残余空气。在反应过程中,氩气以40sccm的流速连续流入。在两个温度区,从室温到200℃需要20分钟,然后过30分钟,高温区可以到520℃,低温区到450℃。两个温度区域的温度保持180分钟。最后,经过50分钟后,温度下降到室温时即可将生长在衬底上的Te纳米片取出。
2.碲基室温太赫兹探测器的制备
利用机械剥离的方法将碲纳米片转移到高阻硅衬底上,在该样品上旋涂光致抗蚀剂AZ4330。旋涂参数:转速4000转/秒,时间30秒。然后将样品放入干燥器中干燥25分钟,温度为65℃。干燥后,使用掩模和紫外光刻机SUSS MJB4来制作电极,其中时间为6秒。用显影液进行显影,显影液比例按AZ400K:去离子水=1:4的比例配置,显影时间为30秒。显影后,将样品放入烘干机中进行烘干,参数与预烘相同。然后将样品放入双离子束溅射室中,分别溅射厚度为30nm和300nm的Ti和Au。然后将样品放入装有丙酮溶液的烧杯中,在水浴中加热至50℃。30分钟后,剥离多余的金属膜。
3.碲基室温太赫兹探测器的性能测试
利用太赫兹测试系统测试探测器的性能。调制的太赫兹垂直均匀地照射在探测器表面。源的出口距离探测器30厘米,探测器安装在测试箱上。在探测器检测到太赫兹波后,响应电压信号由前置放大器放大,最终由锁相放大器读出。图3为Te太赫兹探测器在室温下斩波频率1kHz,172GHz的工作频率下响应波形图,响应时间为9.7μs。
为了进一步表征器件性能,测量了室温下169-173GHz范围内的Te太赫兹探测器在不同偏压下的响应。在1kHz的调制频率和1V的偏压下,器件在172GHz范围内的响应高达90μV。器件的响应度和噪声等效功率是衡量器件性能的两个重要指标。这里,设备的响应度定义为Rv=Vph/(P×A),Vph是设备的电压响应值,P是辐射到设备表面的太赫兹源的功率密度,A是设备敏感元件的面积,NEP是每单位带宽的最低可检测功率,NEP=vn/Rv,vn是噪声电压的均方根,vn=(4kBTr+2eIdr2)0.5,kB是玻耳兹曼常数,r是器件的电阻,e是单位电荷,Id是偏置时的暗电流,这里是器件的偏置电流。170GHz的光功率密度P=0.15mW/cm2,根据计算,器件在172GHz下的响应率高达600kV/W,在1V偏置和1kHz调制频率下的NEP低于0.1pW/Hz0.5,如图4所示。
为了测试器件的稳定性,将光电探测器加热至200℃20分钟,探测器冷却后,响应基本保持不变;再将探测器加热至200℃20分钟,冷却后测试响应基本保持不变,如图5所示,因此,Te光电探测器在各种恶劣工作环境下表现出良好的稳定性。
Claims (1)
1.一种碲基室温太赫兹探测器件,其特征在于:
所述的器件采用高阻硅衬底(1),衬底上有一层自然氧化的二氧化硅层(2),将碲纳米片(3)转移到二氧化硅层(2)上,然后在碲纳米片上制备左右对称的蝶形正电极层(4)和蝶形负电极层(5);
所述的高阻硅衬底(1)厚度为0.5mm,电阻率10000Ω·cm;
所述的自然氧化的二氧化硅(2)厚度25nm;
所述的碲纳米片(3)是用化学气相沉积法制备的单晶材料,纳米片厚度为300-500nm,宽度为5-10μm,长度为10-30微米;
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113823703A (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2021-12-21 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 室温碲化铂阵列太赫兹探测器及其制备方法 |
CN114039201A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | 一种分形蝶形太赫兹天线 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114039201A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | 一种分形蝶形太赫兹天线 |
CN114039201B (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-11-07 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | 一种分形蝶形太赫兹天线 |
CN113823703A (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2021-12-21 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 室温碲化铂阵列太赫兹探测器及其制备方法 |
CN113823703B (zh) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-03-15 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 室温碲化铂阵列太赫兹探测器及其制备方法 |
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