CN113514347B - In-situ shearing test device and method in hole - Google Patents
In-situ shearing test device and method in hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN113514347B CN113514347B CN202110528204.2A CN202110528204A CN113514347B CN 113514347 B CN113514347 B CN 113514347B CN 202110528204 A CN202110528204 A CN 202110528204A CN 113514347 B CN113514347 B CN 113514347B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-situ shearing test device in a hole, which comprises a center shaft, a loading system, a first-stage shearing test device and a second-stage shearing test device, wherein the loading system is arranged on the center shaft and comprises a middle loading water bag, an upper loading water bag and a lower loading water bag which are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the middle loading water bag, the middle loading water bag is used for solidifying and pressurizing a soil sample, and the upper loading water bag and the lower loading water bag are used for providing uniform shearing force; the cutting system is arranged on the center shaft and comprises an upper layer cutting assembly and a lower layer cutting assembly which are positioned above the loading system and used for cutting soil body to form an annular soil sample; the humidifying system is arranged on the central shaft and comprises an upper humidifying component and a lower humidifying component, wherein the upper humidifying component is arranged above the upper cutting component, and the lower humidifying component is arranged below the lower cutting component and is used for humidifying and saturating the soil sample. The invention overcomes the defect that the traditional in-hole shearing test can only test the shearing strength between the soil body and the shearing equipment, and accurately measures the shearing strength parameter of the soil body in practical sense.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to an in-situ shearing test device and a test method in a hole.
Background
The shear test parameters of the rock-soil body are key mechanical parameters of engineering design of workers and civil engineering and control of geological disasters, and two important basic means for acquiring the rock-soil body mechanical parameters through in-situ test and indoor test. Compared with the indoor test, the in-situ test has the advantages of strong representativeness, small disturbance, capability of truly reflecting the actual conditions of engineering and the like, and can greatly meet the requirements of engineering design and disaster management. At present, in-situ shear test means mainly comprise an in-situ large shear test and an in-hole shear test, but the in-situ large shear test and the in-hole shear test have some defects in the test process: the on-site large shear test can only be used for measuring shear strength parameters of in-situ soil bodies of shallow surface layers, and is difficult to reflect the actual conditions of deep rock-soil bodies; in the existing hole shearing test, the soil body is directly pressurized and sheared by the pressurizing plate, and the shearing force actually reflected by the mode is the shearing strength of the loading plate and the soil body, and is not the shearing strength between the soil bodies in the real sense. Therefore, the current means for in-situ shear testing in the rock-soil body hole still needs to be perfected to reflect the real rock-soil body shear process and obtain the real shear mechanical parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an in-situ shearing strength testing device in a hole, which aims to solve the problem that the existing in-situ testing technology in the hole can not truly acquire the shearing strength parameters of a soil body.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an in-situ shearing test device in a hole comprises
The middle shaft is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder,
the loading system is arranged on the center shaft and comprises a middle loading water bag, an upper loading water bag and a lower loading water bag which are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the middle loading water bag, wherein the middle loading water bag is used for solidifying and pressurizing a soil sample, and the upper loading water bag and the lower loading water bag are used for providing uniform shearing force;
the cutting system is arranged on the center shaft and comprises an upper layer cutting assembly and a lower layer cutting assembly which are positioned above the loading system and used for cutting soil body to form an annular soil sample;
the humidifying system is arranged on the central shaft and comprises an upper humidifying component and a lower humidifying component, wherein the upper humidifying component is arranged above the upper cutting component, and the lower humidifying component is arranged below the lower cutting component and is used for humidifying and saturating the soil sample.
Preferably, the center shaft is a hollow cylindrical rod, and a spherical hinge and a tension sensor are sequentially arranged above the center shaft, and the tension sensor is used for measuring the tension in the shearing process.
Preferably, the upper layer cutting assembly and the lower layer cutting assembly are mutually symmetrical and respectively comprise a cutter disc, the cutter disc is of a circular ring structure, the inner wall of an inner ring of the cutter disc is meshed with the outer wall of a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is movably connected with a hollow cylindrical rod through a bearing, a gear is further arranged on the rotating shaft, a cutting blade and an electric push rod which are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc are arranged on one surface of the cutter disc, and the electric push rod is positioned on the inner side wall of the cutting blade and is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the cutting blade; the other surface of the cutterhead is provided with a motor, an output shaft of the motor is provided with a driving wheel, and the driving wheel is meshed with a gear.
Preferably, the cutter head is further provided with equally spaced perforations along the circumferential direction of the cutter head, and each perforation is located between two adjacent electric push rods.
Preferably, the loading system further comprises a middle water sac booster water injection pipe and two side booster water injection pipes, the middle water sac booster water injection pipe and the two side booster water injection pipes are arranged inside the hollow cylindrical rod, the middle water sac booster water injection pipe comprises two pipe orifices, one pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the inside of the middle loading water sac, the other pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the outer side of the hollow cylinder, the two side booster water injection pipes comprise three pipe orifices, one pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the inside of the lower loading water sac, the other pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the inside of the upper loading water sac, and the third pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the outer side of the hollow cylinder.
Preferably, the upper layer humidifying component and the lower layer humidifying component are mutually symmetrical and all comprise annular perforated water permeable rings, humidifying water injection pipes and water injection bins, the main water pipe is arranged inside the hollow cylindrical rod and comprises three pipe orifices, one pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends into the water injection bins on the upper layer humidifying component, the other pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends into the water injection bins on the lower layer humidifying component, the third pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod from the upper side to the outer side of the hollow cylinder, and the annular perforated water permeable rings are positioned below the water injection bins and are communicated with the water injection bins and used for humidifying soil samples through the water injection bins.
Preferably, the lower extreme of axis is provided with the guide rail, the guide rail includes base, support, spring and gyro wheel, the one end of support is articulated with the base lateral wall, and the gyro wheel is connected to its other end, the support lateral wall passes through the spring and is connected with the base lateral wall.
The invention also provides a method for in-situ shearing test in the hole by using the testing device, which comprises the following steps:
and 4, cutting the soil body under the action of the tension of the hole drilling robot, recording the measured tension by the tension sensor, recording the walking position by the drilling robot, and then calculating the stress-strain curve of the soil sample.
And 5, after the soil sample is destroyed, gradually decompressing the middle loading water bag, the upper loading water bag and the lower loading water bag, starting to retract, gradually retracting the electric push rod, and returning to the original state.
Preferably, before the step 3 is started, the soil body is humidified and saturated by a humidifying system, and then the consolidation and shearing operations are continuously completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the in-situ shearing testing device in the hole can perform in-situ soil shearing testing in the drill hole, overcomes the defect that the traditional in-hole shearing testing can only test the shearing strength between the soil and shearing equipment, and accurately determines the shearing strength parameter of the soil in practical sense.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an in-situ shear test device in a bore of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a central axis;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cutting system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a humidification system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a loading system;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a rail;
FIG. 7 is a test principle of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the conventional operation of the present invention;
wherein, 1-middle axis; 101-a hollow cylindrical rod; 102-spherical hinge joint; 103-a tension sensor; 2-a cutting system; 201, a cutterhead; 202-rotating shaft; 203-a gear; 204-bearings; 205-motor; 206, a driving wheel; 207-electric push rod; 208-cutting insert; 209-perforating; 3-a humidification system; 301-humidifying a water injection pipe; 302, a water injection bin; 303-an annular perforated water permeable ring; 4-loading the system; 401-loading a water sac on the upper layer; 402-loading a water sac on the lower layer; 403-intermediate loading water bags; 404-an intermediate water sac pressurized water injection pipe; 405-two-side booster water injection pipes; 5-a guide rail; 501-a base; 502-a bracket; 503-a spring; 504-rollers.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention particularly provides an in-situ shearing test device in a hole, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises
The middle shaft 1 is provided with a plurality of grooves,
the loading system 4 is arranged on the center shaft 1 and comprises a middle loading water bag 403, an upper loading water bag 401 and a lower loading water bag 402 which are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the middle loading water bag 403, wherein the middle loading water bag 403 is used for solidifying and pressurizing a soil sample, and the upper loading water bag 401 and the lower loading water bag 402 are used for providing uniform shearing force;
the cutting system 2 is arranged on the center shaft 1 and comprises an upper layer cutting assembly and a lower layer cutting assembly which are positioned above the loading system and are used for cutting soil to form an annular soil sample;
the humidifying system 3 is arranged on the center shaft 1 and comprises an upper humidifying component positioned above the upper cutting component and a lower humidifying component positioned below the lower cutting component, and is used for humidifying and saturating the soil sample.
As shown in fig. 2, the central shaft 1 is a hollow cylindrical rod 101, and a spherical hinge joint 102 and a tension sensor 103 are sequentially arranged above the central shaft, the tension sensor 103 is used for measuring tension in a shearing process, and the spherical hinge joint 102 is used for ensuring self-adaption of the testing device in a hole.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper layer cutting assembly and the lower layer cutting assembly are symmetrical to each other, and each of the upper layer cutting assembly and the lower layer cutting assembly comprises a cutter 201, wherein the cutter 201 is in a circular ring structure, the inner wall of an inner ring of the cutter 201 is meshed with the outer wall of a rotating shaft 202, the rotating shaft is movably connected with a hollow cylindrical rod through a bearing, a gear 203 is further arranged on the rotating shaft 202, cutting blades 208 and electric push rods 207 are arranged on one surface of the cutter 201 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter, and the electric push rods 207 are positioned on the inner side walls of the cutting blades 208 and are fixedly connected with the inner side walls of the cutting blades 208; a motor 205 is arranged on the other surface of the cutterhead 201, a driving wheel 206 is arranged on an output shaft of the motor 205, and the driving wheel 206 is meshed with the gear 203. The cutter 201 is further provided with equally spaced perforations 209 along the circumferential direction thereof, and each perforation 209 is respectively located between two adjacent electric pushers 207.
The motor 205 provides power for the rotation of the cutter 201 and the cutting blade 208, the gear 203 is used for transmitting the rotation of the motor 205 to the cutter 201 and the cutting blade 208, and the bearing 204 is used for ensuring that the cylindrical main rod is kept still under the action of the rotation of the gear; the electric push rod 207 is used for extending the cutting blade 208.
As shown in fig. 5, the loading system 4 comprises an intermediate loading water bag 403, and an upper loading water bag 401 and a lower loading water bag 402 which are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the intermediate loading water bag 401, wherein the intermediate loading water bag 403 is used for consolidating a sample before soil shearing, and the upper loading water bag 401, the lower loading water bag 402 and the cutting blade 208 jointly provide shearing force.
The loading system 4 further comprises a middle water sac pressurized water injection pipe 404 and two side pressurized water injection pipes 405, the middle water sac pressurized water injection pipe 404 and the two side pressurized water injection pipes 405 are all arranged inside the hollow cylindrical rod 101, the middle water sac pressurized water injection pipe 404 comprises two pipe orifices, one pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod 101 and extends into the middle loading water sac 403, the other pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod 101 and extends to the outer side of the hollow cylindrical rod 101, the two side pressurized water injection pipes 405 comprise three pipe orifices, one pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod 101 and extends into the lower loading water sac 402, the other pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod 101 and extends into the upper loading water sac 401, and the third pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod 101 and extends to the outer side of the hollow cylindrical rod 101.
As shown in fig. 4, the upper layer humidifying component and the lower layer humidifying component are symmetrically arranged, each of the upper layer humidifying component and the lower layer humidifying component comprises an annular perforated water permeable ring 303, a humidifying water injection pipe 301 and a water injection bin 302, the humidifying water injection pipe 301 is arranged inside the hollow cylindrical rod and comprises three pipe orifices, one pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod 101 and extends into the water injection bin 302 on the upper layer humidifying component, the other pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod 101 and extends into the water injection bin 302 on the lower layer humidifying component, the third pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod 101 from above to extend to the outer side of the hollow cylinder 101, and the annular perforated water permeable ring 303 is positioned below the water injection bin 302 and is communicated with the water injection bin 302 for humidifying a soil sample through the water injection bin 302.
As shown in fig. 6, a guide rail 5 is disposed at the lower end of the central shaft 1, the guide rail 5 includes a base 501, a bracket 502, a spring 503 and a roller 504, one end of the bracket 502 is hinged to a side wall of the base 501, the other end of the bracket 502 is connected to the roller 504, and the side wall of the bracket 502 is connected to the side wall of the base 501 through the spring 503. The base 501 is used for being fixed with the middle shaft 1, the spring 503 is used for providing pressure for the roller 504, the roller 504 is ensured to be in contact with drilling soil, and the roller 504 is used for crawling the hole wall.
The test principle of the invention is as follows:
the test principle of the in-situ shearing test device in the hole is that an indoor direct shearing test is adopted as a prototype, and unlike the existing in-hole shearing test, the shearing damage surface generated by the method is positioned in the soil body, so that the shearing strength of the soil body can be directly obtained, and the stress of a soil sample in the shearing process is shown in figure 7. The cutting system of the testing device is used for manufacturing an annular soil sample in a hole, the annular soil sample is subjected to normal stress of a middle loading water bag, the test soil sample and the undisturbed soil sample generate relative displacement S and shearing force Fs under the action of the tension of a parallel hole wall, the tension sensor and the displacement sensor record the shearing force Fs and the shearing displacement S in the shearing process respectively, and a stress-strain curve of undisturbed loess in the hole can be drawn.
Aiming at the testing principle, the invention also provides an in-situ shearing testing method in the hole, as shown in fig. 8, comprising the following steps:
and 4, shearing soil under the action of the pulling force of the hole drilling robot, recording the measured pulling force by the pulling force sensor 103, recording the walking position by the drilling robot, and then calculating the stress-strain curve of the soil sample.
Before the step 3 is started, the soil body is humidified and saturated by the humidifying system 3, and then the consolidation and shearing operations are continuously completed.
The borehole shear apparatus can perform in-situ soil shear test in a borehole, overcomes the defect that the traditional borehole shear test can only test the shear strength between the soil and the shear equipment, and accurately determines the shear strength parameter of the soil in practical sense.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention and not restrictive, and other modifications and equivalents thereof may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. An in-situ shearing test device in a hole is characterized by comprising
The middle shaft is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder,
the loading system is arranged on the center shaft and comprises a middle loading water bag, an upper loading water bag and a lower loading water bag which are positioned on the upper side and the lower side of the middle loading water bag, wherein the middle loading water bag is used for solidifying and pressurizing a soil sample, and the upper loading water bag and the lower loading water bag are used for providing uniform shearing force;
the cutting system is arranged on the center shaft and comprises an upper layer cutting assembly and a lower layer cutting assembly which are positioned above the loading system and used for cutting soil body to form an annular soil sample;
the humidifying system is arranged on the center shaft and comprises an upper humidifying component positioned above the upper cutting component and a lower humidifying component positioned below the lower cutting component, and is used for humidifying and saturating the soil sample;
the center shaft is a hollow cylindrical rod, and a spherical hinge and a tension sensor are sequentially arranged above the center shaft, and the tension sensor is used for measuring tension in the shearing process;
the upper layer cutting assembly and the lower layer cutting assembly are mutually symmetrical and respectively comprise a cutter disc, the cutter disc is of a circular ring structure, the inner ring inner wall of the cutter disc is meshed with the outer wall of a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is movably connected with a hollow cylindrical rod through a bearing, a gear is further arranged on the rotating shaft, a cutting blade and an electric push rod which are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the cutter disc are arranged on one surface of the cutter disc, and the electric push rod is positioned on the inner side wall of the cutting blade and is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the cutting blade; a motor is arranged on the other surface of the cutterhead, a driving wheel is arranged on an output shaft of the motor, and the driving wheel is meshed with a gear;
the upper humidifying assembly and the lower humidifying assembly are mutually symmetrical and respectively comprise an annular porous water permeable ring, a humidifying water injection pipe and a water injection bin, the water injection pipe is arranged inside the hollow cylindrical rod and comprises three pipe orifices, one pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends into the water injection bin on the upper humidifying assembly, the other pipe orifice penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends into the water injection bin on the lower humidifying assembly, the third pipe orifice penetrates through the outer side of the hollow cylinder from the upper side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod, and the annular porous water permeable ring is positioned below the water injection bin and is communicated with the water injection bin and used for humidifying a soil sample by penetrating through the water injection bin.
2. The in-situ shearing test device in a hole according to claim 1, wherein the cutter head is further provided with equally spaced perforations along the circumferential direction of the cutter head, and each perforation is located between two adjacent electric push rods.
3. The in-situ shear test device in a hole of claim 1, wherein the loading system further comprises a middle water sac pressurized water injection pipe and two side pressurized water injection pipes, wherein the middle water sac pressurized water injection pipe and the two side pressurized water injection pipes are arranged inside the hollow cylindrical rod, the middle water sac pressurized water injection pipe comprises two pipe openings, one pipe opening penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the inside of the middle loading water sac, the other pipe opening penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the outside of the hollow cylinder, the two side pressurized water injection pipes comprise three pipe openings, one pipe opening penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the inside of the lower loading water sac, the other pipe opening penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the inside of the upper loading water sac, and the third pipe opening penetrates through the side wall of the hollow cylindrical rod and extends to the outside of the hollow cylinder.
4. The in-situ shearing test device in a hole according to claim 1, wherein a guide rail is arranged at the lower end of the center shaft, the guide rail comprises a base, a bracket, a spring and a roller, one end of the bracket is hinged with the side wall of the base, the other end of the bracket is connected with the roller, and the side wall of the bracket is connected with the side wall of the base through the spring.
5. The method for performing shear test on soil samples by using the in-situ shearing test device in holes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
step 1, connecting a center shaft with a drilling robot, and moving a testing device to a position with a designated depth;
step 2, the motor starts to rotate, the driving wheel drives the gear to rotate, the cutter disc and the electric push rod are driven to rotate under the action of the gear, the electric push rod gradually stretches to push the cutting blade outwards, soil is cut, and an annular soil sample is formed;
step 3, the upper layer loading water bags and the lower layer loading water bags are gradually pressurized and expanded to wrap the annular soil sample, the middle loading water bags are gradually pressurized, and normal stress is applied to the soil body;
step 4, under the action of the tensile force of the hole drilling robot, shearing soil body is started, the tensile force measured by the tensile force sensor is recorded, the walking position of the drilling robot is recorded, and then a stress-strain curve obtained by the soil sample is calculated; and 5, after the soil sample is destroyed, gradually decompressing the middle loading water bag, the upper loading water bag and the lower loading water bag, starting to retract, gradually retracting the electric push rod, and recovering the original state.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the soil body is humidified and saturated by the humidifying system before the step 3 is started, and then the consolidation and shearing operations are continued.
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| CN114112690B (en) * | 2021-11-20 | 2023-05-26 | 长安大学 | In-situ loess tensile strength testing device and testing method |
| CN116539403B (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2024-03-08 | 中南大学 | Rock mechanical property acquisition, cuttability evaluation and in-situ sensing method and device |
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| CN111982699A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-11-24 | 西南交通大学 | Unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device |
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