CN113513955A - Shaft dredging blasting method - Google Patents
Shaft dredging blasting method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113513955A CN113513955A CN202110670608.5A CN202110670608A CN113513955A CN 113513955 A CN113513955 A CN 113513955A CN 202110670608 A CN202110670608 A CN 202110670608A CN 113513955 A CN113513955 A CN 113513955A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- helium balloon
- dredging
- explosive
- blasting method
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/04—Arrangements for ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
Abstract
The invention provides a shaft dredging blasting method, which utilizes the characteristics of natural rising of a helium balloon in the air and safety and reliability to place an explosive charge on the helium balloon, and the explosive charge is carried upwards to a blocking body in a shaft to be dredged from a lower shaft opening of the shaft and then detonated by an initiator. According to the invention, blasting operation can be carried out in the vertical shaft without the operation of entering the vertical shaft by constructors, so that the vertical shaft is effectively dredged, and meanwhile, the construction safety requirement is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dredging method for underground cavern excavation engineering, in particular to a shaft dredging blasting method.
Background
In the underground engineering excavation construction process, a vertical shaft is usually required to be used as a slag abandoning channel, the vertical shaft is mostly deep and has a small hole diameter, the situation that the vertical shaft is blocked can be avoided in the slag abandoning process, the conventional dredging construction method is to carry out prying and disturbance dredging on the blocking body rock ballast in the vertical shaft from the upper part or the lower part, manual operation is required, the safety risk is high, the work efficiency is low, the most effective dredging method is to blast at the bottom of the blocking body, the blasting operation is required, the manual operation is required to enter the shaft for explosive installation, the blocking body is crushed rock ballast, the method is extremely unstable, the potential safety hazard that the rock ballast falls can be caused at any time, the personnel enter the shaft from the lower wellhead to have great safety risk, and the vertical shaft which is blocked is effectively and quickly dredged in order to ensure the construction safety, and a safe and efficient vertical shaft dredging blasting method is required to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a shaft dredging blasting method, which is used for solving the problem of dredging a blocked shaft and adopts the following technical scheme:
a shaft dredging blasting method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a protective sand bag as a retaining wall near a lower wellhead of a vertical shaft to be dredged;
s2: inflating the helium balloon and sealing the inflation port, and tying the pull rope at the inflation port;
s3: arranging an explosive bag at the center of the top plane of the inflated helium balloon;
s4: connecting one end of a detonating cord with an explosive package, completing detonator installation, and then connecting the other end of the detonating cord with a detonator placed on the ground at the lower part of the vertical shaft, wherein the detonator is placed at the rear end of the sandbag;
s5: the pull rope and the detonating cord are bound together by a strap at the position close to the inflation port of the helium balloon;
s6: an operator stands near the lower wellhead of the shaft and controls the helium balloon to rise to the lower part of the plugging body in the shaft through manually pulling the pull rope;
s7: after the helium balloon rises to be in contact with the plugging body in the shaft, the explosive bag fixed at the top of the helium balloon is tightly attached to the lower part of the plugging body;
s8: after all constructors withdraw to the protection sand bag, explosive charges are prepared to be detonated;
s9: operating the detonator to detonate the explosive charge;
s10: after danger eliminating work is carried out, organizing a construction machine to clean stone slag falling in a cavity at the bottom of the vertical shaft;
s11: if the blockage in the shaft does not complete dredging, the process returns to the step S1.
Further, in step S1, a safety distance is set between the projection of the protection sandbag and the shaft on the ground.
Further, in step S3, the explosive is firmly bonded to the center of the top plane of the helium balloon by gluing.
Further, in step S5, the pull cord is a string, and the position of the blockage is measured by the length of the pull cord that is released, and the blockage is cleared in the previous operation cycle.
In step S5, the tightening part of the strap is located at the bottom of the helium balloon.
Further, in step S6, the operator stands near the lower part of the shaft, and pulls the helium balloon slightly obliquely with the pulling rope to control the ascent of the helium balloon.
The shaft dredging blasting method utilizes the characteristics of natural rising, safety and reliability of the helium balloon in the air as an explosive carrying tool, the helium balloon can be used for tightly attaching the explosive to the bottom of the plugging body by utilizing the upward lifting force of the helium balloon, the blasting operation at the bottom of the plugging body can be realized without the need of entering the shaft for operation by constructors, the dredging effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the construction safety requirement is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the shaft dredging blasting method.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the shaft 10 is plugged by the plugging body 13, so that the upper wellhead 11 and the lower wellhead 12 are not communicated, and the plugging body 13 needs to be dredged, so that the underground chamber 14 below the lower wellhead 12 can be smoothly reached from the upper wellhead 11.
The invention provides a shaft dredging blasting method, which uses articles comprising an explosive bag 1, a detonating cord 2, a helium balloon 3, a pull rope 5, a protective sand bag 6 and an initiator 7.
The operation steps are as follows:
(1) the protective sand bag 6 is built near the well opening 12 of the shaft to be dredged to serve as a retaining wall, and a sufficient safety distance is reserved between the protective sand bag 6 and the projection of the shaft 10 on the ground.
(2) The helium balloon 3 is inflated and the inflation port is sealed, and then the pull rope 5 is tied at the inflation port. The gas in the helium balloon 3 cannot be replaced by hydrogen, the hydrogen is active in chemical property, flammable and explosive, and particularly under the condition of underground cavern, explosion is very likely to occur when the hydrogen is illuminated by electric lamps or influenced by other external environments. Helium gas has stable chemical performance, and the helium balloon is safe and reliable for carrying explosives.
(3) And an explosive bag 1 is arranged at the center of the plane at the top of the inflated helium balloon 3, and the explosive bag 1 is firmly combined with the top of the helium balloon 3 in an adhesive manner. In the embodiment, the helium balloon 3 is selected to carry the explosive package 1, in the gas with the density lower than that of air, helium is inert gas, does not produce chemical reaction with other elements and compounds under normal conditions, is extremely inert in chemical characteristics, cannot burn and does not support combustion, and the helium balloon 3 is safe and reliable to carry the explosive package 1.
In addition, the top of the helium balloon 3 is designed to be a plane as a bearing surface of the explosive package 1, so that the explosive package 1 is always positioned at the topmost end and is stable without lateral deviation in the ascending process of the helium balloon 3.
(4) One end of a detonating cord 2 is connected with the explosive package 1, the detonator is installed, the other end of the detonating cord 2 is connected with a detonator 7 placed on the ground at the lower part of the vertical shaft, and the length of the detonating cord 2 needs to meet the requirement of the blasting operation. The detonator 7 needs to be placed behind the retaining wall of the sandbag 6, a constructor operates the detonator 7 at the rear part of the protective sandbag 6 to detonate the explosive package 1 in the shaft, and the sandbag 6 also serves as a risk-avoiding barrier for all constructors during blasting operation.
(5) The pull rope 5 and the detonating cord 2 are tied together by a strap near the inflation opening of the helium balloon 3. The helium balloon 3 is provided with a pull rope 5, in order to reduce the load of the helium balloon 3, the pull rope 5 is a light-weight thin rope, the pull rope 5 is used for controlling the rising speed and the height of the helium balloon 3, or the helium balloon 3 is retracted when the operation is cancelled, when the helium balloon 3 rises to the position of the occluded body, the occlusion body is touched, and at the moment, the position of the occluded body and the dredging condition of the previous operation cycle can be measured according to the length released by the pull rope 5.
The pull rope 5 is simple to use, easy to operate and safe, the position of the balloon after entering the hole cannot be determined in a remote control mode, and the accurate position of the blocking body and the dredging condition of the previous circulation cannot be judged. After the remote control balloon enters the vertical shaft, signal receiving is unstable, the remote control balloon is easy to fall, and if hydrogen is filled in the remote control balloon, the remote control balloon is easy to explode together with explosives when being irradiated and impacted by an electric lamp, so that the remote control balloon is very dangerous.
The dead weight of the fuse 2 is increased to generate larger pulling force to the explosive package 1 in the rising process of the helium balloon 3, the explosive package 1 is fixedly bonded on the top of the helium balloon 3, in order to avoid the situation that the integral deviation of the explosive package 1 and the helium balloon 3 causes inclination instability due to overlarge pulling force, the fuse 2 and the pull rope 5 are tightly bound together by the installation strap 4, the tight part is close to the bottom of the helium balloon 3, the pulling force generated by the dead weight of the fuse 2 basically acts on the helium balloon 3, and the pulling force generated by the fuse 2 to the explosive package 1 is reduced to the maximum extent.
Before the helium balloon 3 rises, one end of the blasting fuse 2 is connected with the explosive package 1, and during the process that the explosive package 1 is carried and lifted through the helium balloon 3, the blasting fuse 2 also rises along with the raising, so that the blasting fuse 2 does not need to be installed after the explosive package 1 is in place. The length of the blasting fuse 2 is enough to meet the requirement of blasting operation, and after the helium balloon 3 rises, the blasting charge 1 is detonated by the detonator 7 connected with the ground end of the blasting fuse 2.
(6) An operator stands near a wellhead of the lower part of the shaft and manually pulls the pull rope 5 to start to control the helium balloon 3 to ascend into the shaft, in order to guarantee safety, the situation that falling stones in the shaft cause damage to the operator releasing the balloon is avoided, the operator cannot stand right below the shaft, after the helium balloon 3 ascends and enters from the lower wellhead of the shaft, the operator stands near the lower part of the shaft and slightly obliquely pulls the pull rope 5 to control the balloon to ascend.
(7) After the helium balloon 3 rises to be in contact with the blocking body in the shaft, the explosive bag 1 fixed at the top of the helium balloon 3 is also tightly attached to the lower part of the blocking body.
(8) After all constructors withdraw to the protection sand bag 6, the explosive bag 1 is ready to be detonated, and various preparation works and early warnings before detonation are made according to blasting operation requirements.
(9) The initiator 7 is operated to detonate the explosive charge 1.
(10) After danger eliminating work is carried out, the construction machinery is organized to clean stone slag falling in the cavity at the bottom of the vertical shaft.
(11) If the blockage in the shaft is not dredged, the next circulation blasting dredging operation is repeated.
After the underground vertical shaft is blocked by the ballast in the construction process, the explosive cartridge is conveyed into the vertical shaft by utilizing the natural rising of the balloon in the air and is contacted with the bottom of a blocking body (ballast) in the vertical shaft, and the explosive cartridge is tightly attached to the bottom of the blocking body by the rising acting force of the balloon, so that the ballast can be disturbed and blocked and the ballast can fall down after being detonated, and the effect of dredging the vertical shaft is achieved. According to the invention, the bottom of the blocking body is subjected to unmanned explosive loading blasting dredging to replace manual dredging operation, so that the rock ballast is prevented from falling to cause striking injury to lower constructors in the dredging process.
Claims (6)
1. A shaft dredging blasting method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a protective sand bag as a retaining wall near a lower wellhead of a vertical shaft to be dredged;
s2: inflating the helium balloon and sealing the inflation port, and tying the pull rope at the inflation port;
s3: arranging an explosive bag at the center of the top plane of the inflated helium balloon;
s4: connecting one end of a detonating cord with an explosive package, completing detonator installation, and then connecting the other end of the detonating cord with a detonator placed on the ground at the lower part of the vertical shaft, wherein the detonator is placed at the rear end of the sandbag;
s5: the pull rope and the detonating cord are bound together by a strap at the position close to the inflation port of the helium balloon;
s6: an operator stands near the lower wellhead of the shaft and controls the helium balloon to rise to the lower part of the plugging body in the shaft through manually pulling the pull rope;
s7: after the helium balloon rises to be in contact with the plugging body in the shaft, the explosive bag fixed at the top of the helium balloon is tightly attached to the lower part of the plugging body;
s8: after all constructors withdraw to the protection sand bag, explosive charges are prepared to be detonated;
s9: operating the detonator to detonate the explosive charge;
s10: after danger eliminating work is carried out, organizing a construction machine to clean stone slag falling in a cavity at the bottom of the vertical shaft;
s11: if the blockage in the shaft does not complete dredging, the process returns to the step S1.
2. The shaft dredging blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a safety distance is set between the projection of the protective sandbag and the shaft on the ground.
3. The shaft dredging blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S3, the explosive is firmly combined with the center of the top plane of the helium balloon by gluing.
4. The shaft dredging blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S5, the pull cord is a string, and the position of the blockage and the opening state in the previous operation cycle are measured by the length of the pull cord.
5. The shaft dredging blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S5, the tightening part of the strap is located at the bottom of the helium balloon.
6. The shaft dredging blasting method according to claim 1, wherein: in step S6, the operator stands near the lower part of the shaft and pulls the helium balloon slightly obliquely with the pulling rope to ascend.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110670608.5A CN113513955A (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2021-06-17 | Shaft dredging blasting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110670608.5A CN113513955A (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2021-06-17 | Shaft dredging blasting method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113513955A true CN113513955A (en) | 2021-10-19 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110670608.5A Pending CN113513955A (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2021-06-17 | Shaft dredging blasting method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113513955A (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6324982B1 (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 2001-12-04 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Process for artificially triggering an avalanche and device for applying this process |
| CN1363758A (en) * | 2000-12-30 | 2002-08-14 | 沈东洙 | Explosion implement and method for excavating horizontal underground caves |
| JP2003161095A (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-06 | Te U Kan | Blasting method of bedrock utilizing air bag embedded inside explosive-charged layer |
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| CN102927864A (en) * | 2012-11-08 | 2013-02-13 | 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 | Device and method for performing blasting processing for ore-pass high position blockage by balloon suspended explosive powders |
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-
2021
- 2021-06-17 CN CN202110670608.5A patent/CN113513955A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6324982B1 (en) * | 1997-11-17 | 2001-12-04 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Process for artificially triggering an avalanche and device for applying this process |
| CN1363758A (en) * | 2000-12-30 | 2002-08-14 | 沈东洙 | Explosion implement and method for excavating horizontal underground caves |
| JP2003161095A (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2003-06-06 | Te U Kan | Blasting method of bedrock utilizing air bag embedded inside explosive-charged layer |
| CN201795730U (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2011-04-13 | 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司 | Shaft excavation blocking bursting handling device |
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Application publication date: 20211019 |
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