CN113513050A - Method, system and device for measuring horizontal displacement of foundation pit - Google Patents
Method, system and device for measuring horizontal displacement of foundation pit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113513050A CN113513050A CN202010355427.9A CN202010355427A CN113513050A CN 113513050 A CN113513050 A CN 113513050A CN 202010355427 A CN202010355427 A CN 202010355427A CN 113513050 A CN113513050 A CN 113513050A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
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- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method, a system and a device for measuring the horizontal displacement of a foundation pit, which utilize optical fibers to arrange monitoring points on the inner wall of the foundation pit in a layering way so as to eliminate errors caused by reference points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of foundation pit monitoring, in particular to a method, a system and a device for measuring horizontal displacement of a foundation pit.
Background
The foundation pit monitoring is an important link in foundation pit engineering construction, and means that in the process of foundation pit excavation and underground engineering construction, various observation and analysis works are carried out on the characteristics of the foundation pit, the displacement of a supporting structure and the change of surrounding environment conditions, the monitoring result is fed back in time, the deformation and the development of a stable state which are caused after further construction are predicted, the degree of influence of the construction on the surrounding environment is judged according to the prediction, the design and the construction are guided, and the information construction is realized.
In the foundation pit monitoring, the most central is horizontal displacement monitoring, namely whether the foundation pit is sunken or not is monitored, so that a collapse event is avoided. At present, a sight line method, a small angle method, a point throwing method and the like can be adopted when the horizontal displacement in a specific direction is measured, a forward intersection method, a free station setting method, a polar coordinate method and the like are adopted when the distribution condition of visible monitoring points is measured when the horizontal displacement of any direction of the monitoring points is measured, and a GPS measurement method or a comprehensive measurement method combining triangle, trilateral and corner measurement and a reference line method can be adopted when a reference point is far away from a foundation pit. When the monitoring precision requirement is higher, a micro-deformation measuring radar can be adopted to carry out automatic all-weather real-time monitoring. The horizontal displacement monitoring datum point is buried in a stable area which is not influenced by construction and is 3 times of the excavation depth of the foundation pit, or is not buried in the influence ranges of accumulated water, wet collapse, frost heaving, expansion and contraction and the like by utilizing the existing stable construction control point, and the burying of the datum point is executed according to relevant measurement specifications and regulations. The observation pier for forced centering is preferably arranged, and the centering error is not more than 0.5mm by adopting a precise optical centering device.
The existing measuring method has a general defect that the arrangement of a monitoring reference point is generally arranged on the ground, however, the deformation of the ground is a frequent occurrence in a construction site, so that the absolute of the reference point cannot be ensured only by arranging the reference point on the ground, and the measuring precision is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method, a system and a device for measuring the horizontal displacement of a foundation pit.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring horizontal displacement of a foundation pit comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a plurality of monitoring points on the periphery of the foundation pit, wherein the monitoring points are hierarchically arranged in different depths, namely, a plurality of circles of monitoring points are hierarchically arranged at different heights of the inner wall of the foundation pit, wherein the number of the monitoring points is represented by the number of layers, and the number of the monitoring points is represented by the number of the layers;
step 2: punching holes in the transverse depth around each monitoring point, pouring a monitoring point foundation column, and extending the measuring point foundation column into the monitoring point foundation column along the horizontal direction to form stable supporting points, wherein the number of the supporting points is at least 4, and the supporting points are distributed in a symmetrical structure taking the monitoring points as the center;
and step 3: arranging optical fiber tubes for detecting micro deformation between each group of symmetrical supporting points, wherein all the optical fiber tubes of the same monitoring point take the monitoring point as the center, and a plurality of optical fiber tubes are collected and conducted at the monitoring point to form a whole, and the collection point is tightly abutted against the monitoring point;
and 4, step 4: and receiving deformation data of the optical fiber tube in real time to obtain the deformation of the monitoring point in the vertical plane in the multi-dimensional direction, wherein the deformation is the invagination of the monitoring point in the vertical plane in the multi-dimensional direction, namely the horizontal displacement of the monitoring point.
Different with traditional monitoring methods, the monitoring need not set up the benchmark in this scheme, but sets up the monitoring point pillar at monitoring point horizontal depth all around for but fixed fiber tube that can monitor slight deformation volume, with the layering setting, thereby can determine the inclination change of each monitoring point on same vertical line, then convert it into the horizontal migration of foundation ditch inner wall, thereby simplified measurement process, eliminated because of the error that the monitoring base caused.
Furthermore, the depth length of the monitoring point base columns is more than 1 meter, and the reverse ends of the monitoring point base columns are fixed on the same base. The design can ensure that the data measured by the optical fiber tubes on the same diagonal line are more accurate, and displacement of the measuring point foundation column is avoided.
Furthermore, the horizontal distance between adjacent monitoring points is not more than 5 meters, and the vertical distance is not more than 3 meters.
Furthermore, the span between each group of symmetrical supporting points is 50-80cm, and the base columns of the monitoring points are parallel to each other under the initial state, the front ends of the monitoring points are aligned and positioned in the same vertical plane, and the alignment error is not more than 0.1 mm.
Further, in step 4, when measuring the deformation amount of the monitoring point in the multi-dimensional direction in the vertical plane, the deformation amount of the optical fiber tube is converted into the inclination angle change of the optical fiber tube, in the initial state, each optical fiber tube is parallel to the vertical plane, that is, the initial angle is 90 °, and the inclination angle of the monitoring point in the multi-dimensional direction in the vertical plane is determined according to the inclination angle change of the optical fiber tube in the multi-dimensional direction, so as to convert into the horizontal displacement of the monitoring point. That is to say, in this scheme, whether the data is accurate is judged according to whether the change of the inclination angle of each monitoring point on the same latitude in the vertical plane is consistent, because when the foundation pit is sunken, the whole sunken situation is inevitable, therefore, the reaction is that each monitoring point is wholly sunken on the monitoring point, or a plurality of continuous monitoring points (namely a section of foundation pit in a certain height fall) are sunken, the sunken quantities (namely horizontal displacement quantities) at different heights are obviously different, generally speaking, the upper displacement quantity is inevitably larger than the lower layer, however, the inclination angles are the same, in this scheme, the inclination angles are utilized to judge
And further, a data correction process is also included, namely whether the invagination angles of all monitoring points on the same vertical line are consistent in the error range is calculated, if the invagination angles of all monitoring points or adjacent continuous monitoring points on the vertical line are consistent in the error range, the data is considered to be valid, otherwise, if the invagination angles of all monitoring points are distributed in a discrete value, the data is considered to be invalid.
A foundation pit horizontal displacement measurement system, the system comprising:
the optical fiber tubes are used for measuring deformation of the monitoring points and are distributed on the monitoring points in a symmetrical crossed structure;
the communication module is used for transmitting real-time data of the optical fiber tube and uploading deformation data of the optical fiber tube;
the upper computer is used for receiving and processing data, receiving deformation data of the optical fiber tube, establishing a rectangular coordinate system with a vertical plane as a Y axis and a horizontal plane as an X axis, and calculating a linear equation of the optical fiber tube according to the deformation data of the optical fiber tube to obtain the slope of the optical fiber tube, namely the inclination angle of the side wall of the foundation pit where the monitoring point is located;
and data correction is carried out according to whether the multi-dimensional inclination angles measured by each monitoring point or a plurality of continuous monitoring points on the same vertical line are consistent, and data which do not meet the correction condition are deleted.
The communication module adopts an optical fiber communication module to upload data in real time.
A foundation pit horizontal displacement measuring device comprises:
the vertical substrates are arranged at the monitoring points in the transverse depth, and the same vertical substrate is adopted by all the monitoring points on the same vertical line;
the monitoring point base columns are vertically fixed on the vertical substrate, at least more than four even number monitoring point base columns are symmetrically distributed and arranged by taking the same monitoring point as a center, and the front ends of the monitoring point base columns are aligned;
the optical fiber tube is arranged at the front end of the foundation pillar of the monitoring point, the optical fiber tube is distributed in a central symmetry and cross manner, two ends of the optical fiber tube on the same diagonal line are respectively fixed at the front end of the foundation pillar of the monitoring point, and the optical fiber tube is attached to the inner wall of the foundation pit in a fixed state.
The monitoring point foundation columns are six in number, correspondingly, the optical fiber tubes are of a structure shaped like a Chinese character 'mi', the structure can measure the inclination angle of the monitoring point in the vertical direction, and the inclination angle changes of the horizontal angle and the inclination angle of 45 degrees can be measured respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional measuring mode, the scheme omits the mode of utilizing the monitoring datum point as a reference point to carry out measurement and calculation, so that the measuring process is more simplified, errors caused by displacement change of the monitoring datum point are eliminated, data conversion is not required to be carried out by the monitoring datum point, the calculating process is further saved, the inclination angle of each monitoring point is directly measured by utilizing the optical fiber, the data real-time performance and the accuracy are ensured, and the measuring precision is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the monitoring system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inner wall of the foundation pit in a monitoring state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of an optical fiber tube.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
A method for measuring horizontal displacement of a foundation pit comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a plurality of monitoring points on the periphery of the foundation pit, wherein the monitoring points are hierarchically arranged in different depths, namely, a plurality of circles of monitoring points are hierarchically arranged at different heights of the inner wall of the foundation pit, wherein the number of the monitoring points is represented by the number of layers, and the number of the monitoring points is represented by the number of the layers; the distribution mode can be referred to as fig. 1, firstly, monitoring points are respectively selected at the periphery of the foundation pit, after the selection is completed, the monitoring points are vertically extended downwards by taking the monitoring points as starting points, the monitoring points are hierarchically arranged on a line to be extended, and the principle is referred to as fig. 2.
Step 2: punching holes in the transverse depth around each monitoring point, pouring a monitoring point foundation column, and extending the measuring point foundation column into the monitoring point foundation column along the horizontal direction to form stable supporting points, wherein the number of the supporting points is at least 4, and the supporting points are distributed in a symmetrical structure taking the monitoring points as the center;
and step 3: the optical fiber tubes for detecting micro deformation are arranged between each group of symmetrical supporting points, all the optical fiber tubes of the same monitoring point take the monitoring point as the center, the optical fiber tubes are collected and conducted at the monitoring point to form a whole, the collection point is tightly abutted against the monitoring point, in other words, the optical fiber tubes are manufactured in an integrated forming mode, the centers of the optical fiber tubes are collected to form a centrosymmetric cross structure which is at least cross-shaped, namely, only four supporting points are arranged. Wherein, fig. 3 shows a schematic structure of using three crossed fiber tubes.
And 4, step 4: and receiving deformation data of the optical fiber tube in real time to obtain the deformation of the monitoring point in the vertical plane in the multi-dimensional direction, wherein the deformation is the invagination of the monitoring point in the vertical plane in the multi-dimensional direction, namely the horizontal displacement of the monitoring point.
Furthermore, the depth length of the monitoring point base columns is more than 1 meter, and the reverse ends of the monitoring point base columns are fixed on the same base.
Furthermore, the horizontal distance between adjacent monitoring points is not more than 5 meters, and the vertical distance is not more than 3 meters.
Furthermore, the span between each group of symmetrical supporting points is 50-80cm, and the base columns of the monitoring points are parallel to each other under the initial state, the front ends of the monitoring points are aligned and positioned in the same vertical plane, and the alignment error is not more than 0.1 mm.
Further, in step 4, when measuring the deformation amount of the monitoring point in the multi-dimensional direction in the vertical plane, the deformation amount of the optical fiber tube is converted into the inclination angle change of the optical fiber tube, in the initial state, each optical fiber tube is parallel to the vertical plane, namely, the initial angle is 90 degrees, the inclination angle of the monitoring point in the multi-dimensional direction in the vertical plane is determined according to the inclination angle change of the optical fiber tube in the multi-dimensional direction, and therefore the horizontal displacement of the monitoring point is converted.
And further, a data correction process is also included, namely whether the invagination angles of all monitoring points on the same vertical line are consistent in the error range is calculated, if the invagination angles of all monitoring points or adjacent continuous monitoring points on the vertical line are consistent in the error range, the data is considered to be valid, otherwise, if the invagination angles of all monitoring points are distributed in a discrete value, the data is considered to be invalid.
A foundation pit horizontal displacement measurement system, the system comprising:
the optical fiber tube 4 is used for measuring the deformation of the monitoring point 3, and the optical fiber tube 4 is distributed on the monitoring point 3 in a symmetrical crossed structure;
the communication module is used for transmitting real-time data of the optical fiber tube 4 and uploading deformation data of the optical fiber tube 4;
the upper computer is used for receiving and processing data, receiving the deformation data of the optical fiber tube 4, establishing a rectangular coordinate system with a vertical plane as a Y axis and a horizontal plane as an X axis, and calculating a linear equation of the optical fiber tube 4 according to the deformation data of the optical fiber tube 4 to obtain the slope of the optical fiber tube 4, namely the inclination angle of the side wall of the foundation pit where the monitoring point is located;
and data correction is carried out according to whether the multi-dimensional inclination angles measured by each monitoring point or a plurality of continuous monitoring points on the same vertical line are consistent, and data which do not meet the correction condition are deleted.
The communication module adopts the optical fiber communication module to upload data in real time.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an apparatus for measuring horizontal displacement of a foundation pit includes:
the vertical substrates 2 are arranged at the monitoring points 3 in the transverse depth, and the same vertical substrate 2 is adopted by each monitoring point 3 on the same vertical line;
the monitoring point base columns 1 vertically fixed on the vertical substrate 2 are symmetrically distributed and provided with more than four even number monitoring point base columns 1 by taking the same monitoring point as a center, and the front ends of the monitoring point base columns 1 are aligned;
the optical fiber tube 4 that sets up at monitoring point foundation column 1 front end, optical fiber tube 4 are central symmetry cross distribution, and the optical fiber tube 4 both ends on same diagonal are fixed respectively at the 1 front end of a monitoring point foundation column, and under the fixed state, optical fiber tube 4 and foundation ditch inner wall laminating.
The number of the monitoring point base columns 1 is six, and correspondingly, the optical fiber tube 4 is of a structure shaped like a Chinese character 'mi'.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A foundation pit horizontal displacement measuring method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selecting a plurality of monitoring points on the periphery of the foundation pit, wherein the monitoring points are hierarchically arranged in different depths, namely, a plurality of circles of monitoring points are hierarchically arranged at different heights of the inner wall of the foundation pit, wherein the number of the monitoring points is represented by the number of layers, and the number of the monitoring points is represented by the number of the layers;
step 2: punching holes in the transverse depth around each monitoring point, pouring a monitoring point foundation column, and extending the measuring point foundation column into the monitoring point foundation column along the horizontal direction to form stable supporting points, wherein the number of the supporting points is at least 4, and the supporting points are distributed in a symmetrical structure taking the monitoring points as the center;
and step 3: arranging optical fiber tubes for detecting micro deformation between each group of symmetrical supporting points, wherein all the optical fiber tubes of the same monitoring point take the monitoring point as the center, and a plurality of optical fiber tubes are collected and conducted at the monitoring point to form a whole, and the collection point is tightly abutted against the monitoring point;
and 4, step 4: and receiving deformation data of the optical fiber tube in real time to obtain the deformation of the monitoring point in the vertical plane in the multi-dimensional direction, wherein the deformation is the invagination of the monitoring point in the vertical plane in the multi-dimensional direction, namely the horizontal displacement of the monitoring point.
2. The method for measuring the horizontal displacement of the foundation pit according to claim 1, wherein the depth length of the foundation columns of the monitoring points is more than 1m, and the reverse ends of the foundation columns of the monitoring points are fixed on the same substrate.
3. A method for measuring the horizontal displacement of a foundation pit according to claim 2, wherein the horizontal spacing between adjacent monitoring points is not more than 5m, and the vertical spacing is not more than 3 m.
4. A foundation pit horizontal displacement measuring method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the span between each group of symmetrical supporting points is 50-80cm, and the base columns of the monitoring points are parallel to each other in the initial state, the front ends of the monitoring points are aligned and located in the same vertical plane, and the alignment error is not more than 0.1 mm.
5. A foundation pit horizontal displacement measuring method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step 4, when measuring the deformation amount of the monitoring point in the multi-dimensional direction in the vertical plane, the deformation amount of the optical fiber tube is converted into the inclination angle change of the optical fiber tube, in the initial state, each optical fiber tube is parallel to the vertical plane, namely the initial angle is 90 degrees, and the inclination angle of the monitoring point in the multi-dimensional direction in the vertical plane is determined according to the inclination angle change of the optical fiber tube in the multi-dimensional direction, so that the inclination angle is converted into the horizontal displacement of the monitoring point.
6. A foundation pit horizontal displacement measuring method according to claim 5, characterized by further comprising a data correcting process, namely calculating whether the invagination angles of the monitoring points on the same vertical line are consistent within an error range, if the invagination angles of the monitoring points or adjacent continuous monitoring points on the vertical line are consistent within the error range, the data is considered to be valid, otherwise, if the invagination angles of the monitoring points are distributed in discrete values, the data is considered to be invalid.
7. A system for implementing the foundation pit horizontal displacement measurement system of any one of claims 1-6, the system comprising:
the optical fiber tube (4) is used for measuring the deformation of the monitoring point (3), and the optical fiber tube (4) is distributed on the monitoring point (3) in a symmetrical crossed structure;
the communication module is used for transmitting real-time data of the optical fiber tube (4) and is used for uploading deformation data of the optical fiber tube (4);
the upper computer is used for receiving and processing data, receiving deformation data of the optical fiber tube (4), establishing a rectangular coordinate system with a vertical plane as a Y axis and a horizontal plane as an X axis, and calculating a linear equation of the optical fiber tube (4) according to the deformation data of the optical fiber tube (4) to obtain the slope of the optical fiber tube (4), namely the inclination angle of the side wall of the foundation pit where the monitoring point is located;
and data correction is carried out according to whether the multi-dimensional inclination angles measured by each monitoring point or a plurality of continuous monitoring points on the same vertical line are consistent, and data which do not meet the correction condition are deleted.
8. The foundation pit horizontal displacement measurement system of claim 7, wherein the communication module adopts an optical fiber communication module to upload data in real time.
9. An apparatus for implementing the foundation pit horizontal displacement measuring device of claims 1-6, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:
the vertical substrates (2) are arranged at the monitoring points (3) in the transverse depth direction, and the monitoring points (3) on the same vertical line adopt the same vertical substrate (2);
the monitoring point base columns (1) are vertically fixed on the vertical substrate (2), at least more than four even monitoring point base columns (1) are symmetrically distributed and arranged by taking the same monitoring point as the center, and the front ends of the monitoring point base columns (1) are aligned;
the optical fiber tube (4) is arranged at the front end of the monitoring point foundation column (1), the optical fiber tube (4) is distributed in a central symmetry mode in a cross mode, the two ends of the optical fiber tube (4) on the same diagonal line are fixed to the front end of the monitoring point foundation column (1), and the optical fiber tube (4) is attached to the inner wall of a foundation pit in a fixed state.
10. A foundation pit horizontal displacement measuring method, system and device according to claim 9, wherein the number of the monitoring point pillars (1) is six, and correspondingly, the optical fiber pipe (4) is of a structure like a Chinese character 'mi'.
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| CN202010355427.9A CN113513050A (en) | 2020-04-29 | 2020-04-29 | Method, system and device for measuring horizontal displacement of foundation pit |
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| CN202010355427.9A CN113513050A (en) | 2020-04-29 | 2020-04-29 | Method, system and device for measuring horizontal displacement of foundation pit |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115858637A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-28 | 四川三思德科技有限公司 | Urban underground water monitoring and analyzing method and system |
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2020
- 2020-04-29 CN CN202010355427.9A patent/CN113513050A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115858637A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-03-28 | 四川三思德科技有限公司 | Urban underground water monitoring and analyzing method and system |
| CN115858637B (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-05-19 | 四川三思德科技有限公司 | Urban groundwater monitoring and analyzing method and system |
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