CN113511911A - Preparation process of antibacterial household porcelain - Google Patents
Preparation process of antibacterial household porcelain Download PDFInfo
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- CN113511911A CN113511911A CN202110333870.0A CN202110333870A CN113511911A CN 113511911 A CN113511911 A CN 113511911A CN 202110333870 A CN202110333870 A CN 202110333870A CN 113511911 A CN113511911 A CN 113511911A
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- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910052613 tourmaline Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000011032 tourmaline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229940070527 tourmaline Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 61
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 30
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 8
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/14—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silica
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2204/00—Glasses, glazes or enamels with special properties
- C03C2204/02—Antibacterial glass, glaze or enamel
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
- C04B2235/321—Dolomites, i.e. mixed calcium magnesium carbonates
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3244—Zirconium oxides, zirconates, hafnium oxides, hafnates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3284—Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/349—Clays, e.g. bentonites, smectites such as montmorillonite, vermiculites or kaolines, e.g. illite, talc or sepiolite
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- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
- C04B2235/6583—Oxygen containing atmosphere, e.g. with changing oxygen pressures
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Abstract
A preparation process of antibacterial household porcelain comprises a blank body and an antibacterial glaze material; the antibacterial glaze consists of the following raw materials: germanized feldspar, germanized quartz, dolomite, an antibacterial agent, sillimanite, pyrophyllite, vermiculite powder, yttrium oxide, magnesium oxide and zirconium silicate; the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.3:0.25-0.32:1-1.6:0.8-1.2: 0.1-0.2; by introducing medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano zinc oxide, zeolite powder and nano silver for compounding and strictly controlling the content of each component, the prepared antibacterial daily porcelain has high antibacterial efficiency, the antibacterial number to escherichia coli can reach 99.7%, the antibacterial requirement required by the daily porcelain is met, the addition of the nano silver is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of daily porcelain, and particularly relates to a preparation process of antibacterial daily porcelain.
Background
The ceramic is made up by using natural clay and various natural minerals as main raw materials and making them pass through such processes of pulverizing, mixing, forming and calcining. In recent years, the daily ceramic industry in China has been developed greatly, and the yield of daily ceramic is at the forefront of the world at present. Because the microstructure of the ceramic material consists of a crystal phase, a glass phase and air holes, the porosity of a final product exists between 5 percent and 10 percent (volume), meanwhile, the surface of the ceramic material has certain lipophilicity, when pollutants contact the surface of the product, a part of the pollutants are deeply inserted into the open air holes due to the surface capillary action; in addition, microscopic irregularities in the ceramic surface also lead to adhesion to contaminants. The pollutants are basically composed of soluble colored inorganic matters or organic matters in water, are usually acidic or alkaline, such as sewage, tea water, dust, ink, organic oil stains and the like in daily life, so that the surface of the ceramic is polluted and difficult to clean, and the cleanness and the attractiveness are influenced. The accumulated oil stain can become a hotbed for breeding bacteria, and if the hotbed is not cleaned, the ceramic in a room becomes a virus and bacteria infection source.
The antibacterial ceramic is prepared by adding an inorganic antibacterial agent into ceramic glaze, and the inorganic antibacterial agents which are most widely researched and applied at present are of two types: the method has the main characteristics of high safety, difficult volatilization and decomposition, good heat resistance, belongs to a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent, long service life, no toxicity and convenient use, is most researched and applied at home and abroad at present, but generally has large silver addition amount and high product cost, is difficult to be accepted by wide consumers and needs further improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a preparation process of an antibacterial daily porcelain.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of antibacterial household porcelain comprises a blank body and an antibacterial glaze material;
the antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of germanized feldspar, 25-35 parts of germanized quartz, 15-18 parts of dolomite, 12-18 parts of an antibacterial agent, 8-12 parts of sillimanite, 5-10 parts of pyrophyllite, 3-5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1-2 parts of yttrium oxide, 3-5 parts of magnesium oxide and 2-4 parts of zirconium silicate;
the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.3:0.25-0.32:1-1.6:0.8-1.2: 0.1-0.2;
the preparation process comprises the following steps:
weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a blank raw material formula, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling by a wet method to prepare blank slurry;
step two, preparing an antibacterial agent: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to the formula of the antibacterial agent, mixing and crushing medical stone, tourmaline, attapulgite and zeolite powder, smelting at 1230 ℃ for 2-3h to obtain a smelted substance, and quenching water to obtain a blocky solvent; then crushing the blocky solvent, adding nano silver and nano zinc oxide, performing wet ball milling, drying and crushing to obtain the antibacterial agent;
weighing the ingredients according to the formula of the antibacterial glaze, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling the raw materials by a wet method to prepare antibacterial glaze slurry;
step four, preparing the blank slurry prepared in the step one into a ceramic green body, then sending the ceramic green body into a kiln, and calcining the ceramic green body for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of 780-820 ℃ to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
and step five, applying the antibacterial glaze slurry prepared in the step three on the ceramic biscuit, drying the glaze slurry, and then sending the dried glaze slurry into a kiln to be fired in an oxidizing atmosphere, wherein the firing temperature is 1350-1380 ℃.
Further, the blank body is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of germanized calcite, 30-40 parts of germanized quartz, 15-20 parts of montmorillonite, 8-12 parts of dolomite, 6-8 parts of zinc oxide, 3-4 parts of zirconium oxide and 2-3 parts of basalt fiber.
Further, the antibacterial agent is composed of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.25:0.28:1.46:0.92: 0.17.
Further, in the fifth step, the firing is specifically controlled as follows:
and (3) low-temperature stage: raising the temperature in the kiln from normal temperature to 350-380 ℃, and burning the kiln for 1.5-2.5 hours;
and (3) decomposition and oxidation stage: heating the furnace to 920-950 ℃ for 3-4 hours;
and (3) high-temperature oxidation stage: the temperature in the kiln is raised to 1230-1280 ℃, and the kiln burning time is 5-6 hours;
and (3) high-fire heat preservation stage: the temperature in the kiln is controlled to 1350-;
and (3) natural cooling stage: cooling in the kiln to room temperature, wherein the cooling time is prolonged to more than 12 hours.
Further, in the high-temperature oxidation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 6.3-6.8%.
Furthermore, in the high-fire heat preservation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 4.8-5.6%.
Further, in the third step, when the antibacterial glaze slurry is subjected to wet ball milling, the raw materials are subjected to wet grinding for 36-42 hours in a ball mill, the grinding medium is water, and the raw materials: ball: water-1: 1.8-2: 1.5-1.8.
Furthermore, the thickness of the antibacterial glaze slip is 0.7-0.8 mm.
Furthermore, the glazing mode of the antibacterial glaze slip is dipping glaze or spraying glaze.
As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the bacteriostatic agent of the bacteriostatic glaze has the advantages that medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano zinc oxide, zeolite powder and nano silver are introduced to be compounded, and the content of each component is strictly controlled, so that the prepared antibacterial daily porcelain has high antibacterial efficiency, the bacteriostatic number of escherichia coli can reach 99.7%, the antibacterial requirement required by the daily porcelain is met, the addition of the nano silver is reduced, and the production cost is reduced;
volcanic rock and basalt fiber are introduced into the blank raw material to be matched, so that the flexural strength and the thermal stability of the blank are improved, and the use requirement of the household porcelain is met; the dolomite, the zirconia and the zinc oxide are introduced to be matched, so that the whiteness and the integrity of the surface of the biscuit after biscuit firing are ensured, and the antibacterial glaze slip is favorably applied.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.
A process for preparing antibacterial domestic porcelain includes such steps as preparing raw material, and preparing antibacterial glaze.
The blank body is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of germanized calcite, 30-40 parts of germanized quartz, 15-20 parts of montmorillonite, 8-12 parts of dolomite, 6-8 parts of zinc oxide, 3-4 parts of zirconium oxide and 2-3 parts of basalt fiber.
The antibacterial glaze consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of germanized feldspar, 25-35 parts of germanized quartz, 15-18 parts of dolomite, 12-18 parts of an antibacterial agent, 8-12 parts of sillimanite, 5-10 parts of pyrophyllite, 3-5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1-2 parts of yttrium oxide, 3-5 parts of magnesium oxide and 2-4 parts of zirconium silicate, wherein the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.3:0.25-0.32:1-1.6:0.8-1.2: 0.1-0.2.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a blank raw material formula, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling by a wet method to prepare blank slurry;
step two, preparing an antibacterial agent: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to the formula of the antibacterial agent, mixing and crushing medical stone, tourmaline, attapulgite and zeolite powder, smelting at 1230 ℃ for 2-3h to obtain a smelted substance, and quenching water to obtain a blocky solvent; then crushing the blocky solvent, adding nano silver and nano zinc oxide, performing wet ball milling, drying and crushing to obtain the antibacterial agent;
weighing the ingredients according to the formula of the antibacterial glaze, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling the raw materials by a wet method to prepare antibacterial glaze slurry;
step four, preparing the blank slurry prepared in the step one into a ceramic green body, then sending the ceramic green body into a kiln, and calcining the ceramic green body for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of 780-820 ℃ to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
and step five, applying the antibacterial glaze slurry prepared in the step three on the ceramic biscuit in a glazing or glaze spraying mode, drying the glaze slurry, then sending the dried glaze slurry into a kiln, and firing the dried glaze slurry in an oxidizing atmosphere at the firing temperature of 1350-1380 ℃, wherein the firing is specifically controlled as follows:
and (3) low-temperature stage: raising the temperature in the kiln from normal temperature to 350-380 ℃, and burning the kiln for 1.5-2.5 hours;
and (3) decomposition and oxidation stage: heating the furnace to 920-950 ℃ for 3-4 hours;
and (3) high-temperature oxidation stage: the temperature in the kiln is raised to 1230-1280 ℃, and the kiln burning time is 5-6 hours;
and (3) high-fire heat preservation stage: the temperature in the kiln is controlled to 1350-;
and (3) natural cooling stage: cooling in the kiln to room temperature, wherein the cooling time is prolonged to more than 12 hours.
Wherein, in the high-temperature oxidation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 6.3-6.8%; in the high-fire heat preservation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 4.8-5.6%.
In the third step, when the antibacterial glaze slip is subjected to wet ball milling, the raw materials are subjected to wet grinding in a ball mill for 36-42 hours, the grinding medium is water, and the raw materials: ball: water-1: 1.8-2: 1.5-1.8.
The thickness of the antibacterial glaze slip is 0.7-0.8 mm.
Example 1
A process for preparing antibacterial domestic porcelain includes such steps as preparing raw material, and preparing antibacterial glaze.
The blank body is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of germanized calcite, 40 parts of germanized quartz, 15 parts of montmorillonite, 12 parts of dolomite, 6 parts of zinc oxide, 4 parts of zirconia and 2 parts of basalt fiber.
The antibacterial glaze consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of germanized feldspar, 35 parts of germanized quartz, 15 parts of dolomite, 18 parts of an antibacterial agent, 8 parts of sillimanite, 10 parts of pyrophyllite, 3 parts of vermiculite powder, 2 parts of yttrium oxide, 3 parts of magnesium oxide and 2 parts of zirconium silicate, wherein the antibacterial agent is composed of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.25:1:0.8: 0.1.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a blank raw material formula, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling by a wet method to prepare blank slurry;
step two, preparing an antibacterial agent: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to the formula of the antibacterial agent, mixing and crushing medical stone, tourmaline, attapulgite and zeolite powder, smelting at 1230 ℃ for 2-3h to obtain a smelted substance, and quenching water to obtain a blocky solvent; then crushing the blocky solvent, adding nano silver and nano zinc oxide, performing wet ball milling, drying and crushing to obtain the antibacterial agent;
weighing the ingredients according to the formula of the antibacterial glaze, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling the raw materials by a wet method to prepare antibacterial glaze slurry;
step four, preparing the blank slurry prepared in the step one into a ceramic green body, then sending the ceramic green body into a kiln, and calcining for 4 hours at 780 ℃ to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
step five, applying the antibacterial glaze slip prepared in the step three on the ceramic biscuit in a glazing or glaze spraying mode, drying the glaze slip, then sending the dried glaze slip into a kiln, and firing the dried glaze slip in an oxidizing atmosphere, wherein the firing temperature is 1350 ℃, and the firing is specifically controlled as follows:
and (3) low-temperature stage: heating the temperature in the kiln from normal temperature to 350 ℃, and burning the kiln for 2.5 hours;
and (3) decomposition and oxidation stage: heating the kiln to 920 ℃ for 4 hours;
and (3) high-temperature oxidation stage: heating the kiln to 1230 ℃, and burning the kiln for 6 hours;
and (3) high-fire heat preservation stage: the temperature in the kiln is controlled to 1350 ℃, and the kiln burning time is 5.5 hours;
and (3) natural cooling stage: cooling in the kiln to room temperature, wherein the cooling time is prolonged to more than 12 hours.
Wherein, in the high-temperature oxidation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 6.3%; in the high-fire heat preservation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 4.8%.
In the third step, when the antibacterial glaze slip is subjected to wet ball milling, the raw materials are subjected to wet grinding for 36 hours in a ball mill, the grinding medium is water, and the raw materials: ball: water 1:1.8: 1.5.
The thickness of the antibacterial glaze slip is 0.7 mm.
Example 2
A process for preparing antibacterial domestic porcelain includes such steps as preparing raw material, and preparing antibacterial glaze.
The blank body is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of germanized calcite, 30 parts of germanized quartz, 20 parts of montmorillonite, 8 parts of dolomite, 8 parts of zinc oxide, 3 parts of zirconium oxide and 3 parts of basalt fiber.
The antibacterial glaze consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of germanized feldspar, 25 parts of germanized quartz, 18 parts of dolomite, 12 parts of an antibacterial agent, 12 parts of sillimanite, 5 parts of pyrophyllite, 5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1 part of yttrium oxide, 5 parts of magnesium oxide and 2 parts of zirconium silicate, wherein the antibacterial agent is composed of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.32:1.6:1.2: 0.2.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a blank raw material formula, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling by a wet method to prepare blank slurry;
step two, preparing an antibacterial agent: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to the formula of the antibacterial agent, mixing and crushing medical stone, tourmaline, attapulgite and zeolite powder, smelting at 1230 ℃ for 2-3h to obtain a smelted substance, and quenching water to obtain a blocky solvent; then crushing the blocky solvent, adding nano silver and nano zinc oxide, performing wet ball milling, drying and crushing to obtain the antibacterial agent;
weighing the ingredients according to the formula of the antibacterial glaze, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling the raw materials by a wet method to prepare antibacterial glaze slurry;
step four, preparing the blank slurry prepared in the step one into a ceramic green body, then feeding the ceramic green body into a kiln, and calcining the ceramic green body for 3 hours at 820 ℃ to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
and step five, applying the antibacterial glaze slip prepared in the step three on the ceramic biscuit in a glazing or glaze spraying mode, drying the glaze slip, then sending the dried glaze slip into a kiln, and firing the dried glaze slip in an oxidizing atmosphere at the firing temperature of 1380 ℃, wherein the firing is specifically controlled as follows:
and (3) low-temperature stage: heating the temperature in the kiln from normal temperature to 380 ℃, and burning the kiln for 1.5 hours;
and (3) decomposition and oxidation stage: heating the kiln to 950 ℃ for 3 hours;
and (3) high-temperature oxidation stage: heating the kiln to 1280 ℃ and burning the kiln for 5 hours;
and (3) high-fire heat preservation stage: the temperature in the kiln is controlled at 1380 ℃, and the kiln burning time is 4.5 hours;
and (3) natural cooling stage: cooling in the kiln to room temperature, wherein the cooling time is prolonged to more than 12 hours.
Wherein, in the high-temperature oxidation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 6.8%; in the high-fire heat preservation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 5.6%.
In the third step, when the antibacterial glaze slip is subjected to wet ball milling, the raw materials are subjected to wet grinding for 42 hours in a ball mill, the grinding medium is water, and the raw materials: ball: water 1:2: 1.8.
The thickness of the antibacterial glaze slip is 0.8 mm.
Example 3
A process for preparing antibacterial domestic porcelain includes such steps as preparing raw material, and preparing antibacterial glaze.
The blank body is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of Dehua calcite, 35 parts of Dehua quartz, 18 parts of montmorillonite, 10 parts of dolomite, 7 parts of zinc oxide, 3.5 parts of zirconia and 2.5 parts of basalt fiber.
The antibacterial glaze consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of germanized feldspar, 30 parts of germanized quartz, 16 parts of dolomite, 15 parts of an antibacterial agent, 10 parts of sillimanite, 7 parts of pyrophyllite, 4 parts of vermiculite powder, 1.5 parts of yttrium oxide, 4 parts of magnesium oxide and 3 parts of zirconium silicate, wherein the antibacterial agent is composed of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.25:0.28:1.46:0.92: 0.17.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a blank raw material formula, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling by a wet method to prepare blank slurry;
step two, preparing an antibacterial agent: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to the formula of the antibacterial agent, mixing and crushing medical stone, tourmaline, attapulgite and zeolite powder, smelting at 1230 ℃ for 2-3h to obtain a smelted substance, and quenching water to obtain a blocky solvent; then crushing the blocky solvent, adding nano silver and nano zinc oxide, performing wet ball milling, drying and crushing to obtain the antibacterial agent;
weighing the ingredients according to the formula of the antibacterial glaze, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling the raw materials by a wet method to prepare antibacterial glaze slurry;
step four, preparing the blank slurry prepared in the step one into a ceramic green body, then sending the ceramic green body into a kiln, and calcining the ceramic green body for 3.5 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
and step five, applying the antibacterial glaze slip prepared in the step three on the ceramic biscuit in a glazing or glaze spraying mode, drying the glaze slip, then sending the dried glaze slip into a kiln, and firing the dried glaze slip in an oxidizing atmosphere, wherein the firing temperature is 1365 ℃, and the firing is specifically controlled as follows:
and (3) low-temperature stage: heating the temperature in the kiln from normal temperature to 365 ℃, and burning the kiln for 2 hours;
and (3) decomposition and oxidation stage: heating the kiln to 935 ℃ for 3.5 hours;
and (3) high-temperature oxidation stage: heating the kiln to 1250 ℃, and burning the kiln for 5.5 hours;
and (3) high-fire heat preservation stage: controlling the temperature in the kiln at 1365 ℃ and burning the kiln for 5 hours;
and (3) natural cooling stage: cooling in the kiln to room temperature, wherein the cooling time is prolonged to more than 12 hours.
Wherein, in the high-temperature oxidation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 6.5 percent; in the high-fire heat preservation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 5.2%.
In the third step, when the antibacterial glaze slip is subjected to wet ball milling, the raw materials are subjected to wet grinding for 39 hours in a ball mill, the grinding medium is water, and the raw materials: ball: water-1: 1.9: 1.6.
The thickness of the antibacterial glaze slip is 0.75 mm.
Comparative example 1
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 1 are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.25:1:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 2
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 2 are basically the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.32:1.6:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 3
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 3 are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder in a weight ratio of 1:0.2:1:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 4
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 4 are basically the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:1.6:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 5
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 5 are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.25:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 6
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 6 are basically the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.32:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 7
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 7 are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.25:1: 0.1.
Comparative example 8
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 8 are basically the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.32:1.6: 0.2.
Comparative example 9
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 9 are basically the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 0.2:0.25:1:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 10
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 10 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 0.3:0.32:1.6:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 11
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 11 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver and nano zinc oxide according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.25:1: 0.8.
Comparative example 12
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 12 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver and nano zinc oxide according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.32:1.6: 1.2.
Comparative example 13
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 13 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent is composed of medical stone, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:1:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 14
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 14 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent is composed of medical stone, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:1.6:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 15
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 15 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline and nano silver according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.25: 1.
Comparative example 16
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 16 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline and nano silver according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.32: 1.6.
Comparative example 17
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 17 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent is composed of medical stone, attapulgite, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 18
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 18 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent is composed of medical stone, attapulgite, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 19
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 19 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.16:0.25:1:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 20
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 20 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.36:0.32:1.6:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 21
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 21 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.2:1:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 22
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of comparative example 22 are substantially the same as those of example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.35:1.6:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 23
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 23 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.25:0.8:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 24
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 24 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.32:1.8:1.2: 0.2.
Comparative example 25
Comparative example 25 the composition of the raw materials and the preparation method are substantially the same as example 1, with the difference that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.25:1:0.65: 0.1.
Comparative example 26
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 26 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.32:1.6:1.36: 0.2.
Comparative example 27
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 27 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2:0.25:1:0.8: 0.08.
Comparative example 28
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 28 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.3:0.32:1.6:1.2: 0.25.
Comparative example 29
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 29 are substantially the same as those of the example 1, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 0.86:0.2:0.25:1:0.8: 0.1.
Comparative example 30
The composition of the raw materials and the preparation method of the comparative example 30 are substantially the same as those of the example 2, and the differences are that: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1.23:0.3:0.32:1.6:1.2: 0.2.
The sterilization efficiency of 1 hour under the sunlight of the examples 1 to 3, the conventional common ceramics and the comparative examples 1 to 30 was performedTesting, and sterilizing efficiency under sunlight for 1 hour after continuous use for 8 months; taking 5 x 10 according to' disinfection specification6-5*1070.5ml of bacteria liquid is respectively dripped on each sample, sterilized PBS is dipped by a sterilized cotton swab after the following different times, the bacteria liquid on the disc is respectively washed down, 10ml of sterilized PBS is put into the sterilized PBS for different dilution, 1ml of bacteria liquid is taken out, after the bacteria liquid is cultured for 48 hours at 37 ℃, the bacteria liquid is subjected to a live bacteria test, and the specific results are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 test data Table for each sample
According to the table, the medical stone, the attapulgite, the tourmaline, the nano zinc oxide, the zeolite powder and the nano silver are compounded, so that the prepared antibacterial household porcelain has high antibacterial efficiency, the antibacterial number to escherichia coli can reach 99.7%, the antibacterial requirement required by the household porcelain is met, the addition of the nano silver is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents and modifications within the scope of the description.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation process of antibacterial household porcelain is characterized by comprising the following steps: the antibacterial household porcelain comprises a blank body and an antibacterial glaze material;
the antibacterial glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of germanized feldspar, 25-35 parts of germanized quartz, 15-18 parts of dolomite, 12-18 parts of an antibacterial agent, 8-12 parts of sillimanite, 5-10 parts of pyrophyllite, 3-5 parts of vermiculite powder, 1-2 parts of yttrium oxide, 3-5 parts of magnesium oxide and 2-4 parts of zirconium silicate;
the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.3:0.25-0.32:1-1.6:0.8-1.2: 0.1-0.2;
the preparation process comprises the following steps:
weighing and proportioning raw materials according to a blank raw material formula, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling by a wet method to prepare blank slurry;
step two, preparing an antibacterial agent: weighing and proportioning raw materials according to the formula of the antibacterial agent, mixing and crushing medical stone, tourmaline, attapulgite and zeolite powder, smelting at 1230 ℃ for 2-3h to obtain a smelted substance, and quenching water to obtain a blocky solvent; then crushing the blocky solvent, adding nano silver and nano zinc oxide, performing wet ball milling, drying and crushing to obtain the antibacterial agent;
weighing the ingredients according to the formula of the antibacterial glaze, and respectively crushing, mixing and ball-milling the raw materials by a wet method to prepare antibacterial glaze slurry;
step four, preparing the blank slurry prepared in the step one into a ceramic green body, then sending the ceramic green body into a kiln, and calcining the ceramic green body for 3 to 4 hours at the temperature of 780-820 ℃ to obtain a ceramic biscuit;
and step five, applying the antibacterial glaze slurry prepared in the step three on the ceramic biscuit, drying the glaze slurry, and then sending the dried glaze slurry into a kiln to be fired in an oxidizing atmosphere, wherein the firing temperature is 1350-1380 ℃.
2. The preparation process of the antibacterial household porcelain according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the blank body is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of germanized calcite, 30-40 parts of germanized quartz, 15-20 parts of montmorillonite, 8-12 parts of dolomite, 6-8 parts of zinc oxide, 3-4 parts of zirconium oxide and 2-3 parts of basalt fiber.
3. The preparation process of the antibacterial household porcelain according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the antibacterial agent consists of medical stone, attapulgite, tourmaline, nano silver, nano zinc oxide and zeolite powder according to the weight ratio of 1:0.25:0.28:1.46:0.92: 0.17.
4. The preparation process of the antibacterial household porcelain according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the fifth step, the firing is specifically controlled as follows:
and (3) low-temperature stage: raising the temperature in the kiln from normal temperature to 350-380 ℃, and burning the kiln for 1.5-2.5 hours;
and (3) decomposition and oxidation stage: heating the furnace to 920-950 ℃ for 3-4 hours;
and (3) high-temperature oxidation stage: the temperature in the kiln is raised to 1230-1280 ℃, and the kiln burning time is 5-6 hours;
and (3) high-fire heat preservation stage: the temperature in the kiln is controlled to 1350-;
and (3) natural cooling stage: cooling in the kiln to room temperature, wherein the cooling time is prolonged to more than 12 hours.
5. The preparation process of the antibacterial household porcelain according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the high-temperature oxidation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 6.3-6.8%.
6. The preparation process of the antibacterial household porcelain according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the high-fire heat preservation stage, the volume concentration of oxygen is 4.8-5.6%.
7. The preparation process of the antibacterial household porcelain according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the third step, when the antibacterial glaze slip is subjected to wet ball milling, the raw materials are subjected to wet grinding in a ball mill for 36-42 hours, the grinding medium is water, and the raw materials: ball: water-1: 1.8-2: 1.5-1.8.
8. The preparation process of the antibacterial household porcelain according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the thickness of the antibacterial glaze slip is 0.7-0.8 mm.
9. The preparation process of the antibacterial household porcelain according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the glazing mode of the antibacterial glaze slip is dipping glaze or spraying glaze.
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