CN100355696C - Tech. for mfg. multicrystal strengthening porcelain - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a technique for producing polycrystal reinforced porcelain, which relates to the technical field of porcelain manufacture. Common kaolin is adopted as principal raw material. Blank comprises main components of the proportion by weight: 52 to 60% of SiO2, 15 to 22% of Al2O3, 15 to 21% of MgO, 0.5 to 2% of ZnO, 3 to 5% of ZrO2, 0.5 to 3% of BaO and 1 to 3% of other, 3 to 5% of Al2O3 crystal whiskers and 1 to 2% of ZrO crystal whiskers are introduced into the blank, and 5 to 10% of nanometer SiO2 and 1 to 2% of ZnO are introduced into glaze. The raw material of the common kaolin is acidified and modified by the procedures of raw material modification, material preparation and ball milling, iron removal through sieving, mud filtration, pugging, banality, molding, drying, glazing, drying, firing, test, packaging, etc. The content of the SiO2 is from 43% to 52%, and the content of the Al2O3 is from 32% to 38%. The firing atmosphere is weak reducing atmosphere, the firing temperature is from 1250 DEG C to 1350 DEG C, and the firing is carried out once. The production of the present invention has low energy consumption, and high-grade porcelain which has the advantages of large strength, high permeability, high hardness of glaze surface, smoothness and brightness can be made.

Description

A kind of manufacturing process of multicrystal strengthening porcelain

Technical field

The invention belongs to the ceramic technology field, relate to a kind of manufacturing process of multicrystal strengthening porcelain.

Background technology

As everyone knows, pottery is a kind of hard brittle material, and physical strength is low, poor heat stability, easily cracked.For a long time, people are adopting the whole bag of tricks and approach to improve the fragility of pottery always, improve toughness by improving intensity.For example, adopt Industrial products micro mist tetragonal phase zirconium oxide to add an amount of stabilized with yttrium oxide agent, make the high-toughness high-strength zirconia ceramics, though this kind method good product quality, but firing temperature height, manufacturing cost is very high, can only be used to have the occasion of special requirement, is difficult in the domestic ceramics production and applies.Chinese invention patent application number 98110110.0 (publication number CN1198422A) discloses " manufacture method of high-whiteness high-strength low-brittleness ceramic products ", on the basis of domestic ceramics Chemical Composition, by improving magnesian content, reduce the content of aluminum oxide, the physical strength and the thermostability of ceramic are improved, physical strength can reach 150-160MPa, 60-80MPa than national standard is doubled, solved stupalith fragility problem to a certain extent, but its not enough place is that firing temperature is higher.

Progress in this technical field is endless, explores to produce that firing temperature is lower, the better product of performance is scientific and technical personnel's pursuit on manufacturing process.

Summary of the invention

The manufacturing process that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of multicrystal strengthening porcelain, its have firing temperature low, can produce high strength, high saturating high-grade porcelain property, that hardness of glaze surface is big.

The present invention is by the following technical solutions:

A kind of manufacturing process of multicrystal strengthening porcelain, with common kaolin is main raw material, comprise and material modification → batching ball milling → filter mud → pugging → old → moulding → drying → glazing → drying → operation such as burn till → check it is characterized in that the basal component weight percent of blank is:

SiO ₂ 52-60％、

Al ₂O ₃ 15-22％、

MgO 15-21％、

ZnO 0.5-2％、

ZrO ₂ 3-5％、

BaO 0.5-3％、

Al wherein ₂O ₃In include the Al that accounts for blank total amount 3-5% ₂O ₃Whisker.

Also can contain other component: CaO0.2-1.0%, K in the blank ₂O0.6-1.3%, Na ₂O0.2-0.7%.

Cooperate the main ingredient weight percent of the glaze of above-mentioned blank use to be:

Loss on ignition 7-12%,

SiO ₂ 63-68％、

Al ₂O ₃ 9-12％、

MgO 2-4％、

CaO 3-5％、

ZnO 1-2％、

ZrO ₂ 1-2％、

Also can contain other component: BaO0.5-1%, K2O1-3.5%, Na in the glaze ₂O0.5-1.5%.

Further scheme is to use the ZrO of 1-2% in blank ₂Whisker replaces ZrO ₂

Further scheme is to use the nanometer SiO of 5-10% in described glaze ₂Instead of part SiO ₂Nano-ZnO with 1-2% replaces ZnO.

Adopt the manufacturing process of the multicrystal strengthening porcelain of above-mentioned prescription, it is characterized in that:

(1) in the material modification operation common kaolin is placed in the retort, the mineral acid that adds high density carries out modification, makes SiO in the common kaolin ₂Weight percent be 43-52%, Al ₂O ₃Weight percent be the 32-38% scope, and have high plasticity;

(2) in firing process: firing atmosphere is a weakly reducing atmosphere, firing temperature: 1250-1350 ℃.

Be compared with the prior art, the present invention has following substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement:

It is raw materials used that the present invention adopts domestic ceramics to produce, and introduces Al in blank ₂O ₃With the ZrO whisker, in glaze, introduce nanometer SiO ₂And ZnO, once-firing, it is big to make intensity, high transparent, the hardness of glaze surface height, wear resistance is good, bright and clean shinny high-grade porcelain; Firing temperature is low, save energy.

Embodiment

The present invention is further illustrated below by possible embodiments:

Embodiment one

Adopt conventional ceramic process, with common kaolin is main raw material, be equipped with other auxiliary material and carry out the formula rate adjustment, comprise operations such as the material modification → batching ball milling → deironing → filter mud that sieves → pugging → old → moulding → drying → glazing → drying → burn till → check → pack, the measure of following raising end properties wherein arranged:

1) in the material modification operation common kaolin is placed in the retort, adds the concentrated acid modification, making common kaolinic composition is SiO ₂49-52%, Al ₂O ₃34-36%, and have high plasticity.

2) by the formula rate adjustment batching of design blank, make to meet the requirements.In blank, introduce 4% Al ₂O ₃Whisker and 1.5% ZrO ₂Whisker.

3) carry out ball milling, deironing, sieve after the batching, filter mud, pugging, old; Ball milling 22 hours, it is surplus 0.02% at 10000-hole sieve to measure fineness, puts mud after qualified, remove by magnetic separator and to take out the slurry filter mud in the mud after the irony, carry out the vacuum pugging first time after moisture content is controlled at 25%, it is 15-20 days that warehouse-in is deposited the old time, reprocessing pugging 2-3 time.

4) formed product: 60 ℃ of oven dry form removals after about a hour, advanced baking room more about 5 hours after the embryo product typings after the moulding of embryo product, wait embryo product drying afterwards (ridity 85-90%), screen and repair embryo, send the glazing operation after qualified with stereotype plate.

5) embryo product glazing: before the glazing, with the inside and outside water of going up of embryo product, after the embryo product have sucked small amount of moisture, again every 4-5 hour can glazing, and check, repair glaze in case of necessity.

6) the product loading of kiln is burnt till: adopt low temperature to burn (making into weakly reducing atmosphere) slowly; adopt little fire to burn slowly; make the embryo product go up moisture content and remove (approximately 3-4 hour) fully; temperature enters moderate heat again and burns till after 850 ℃; up to 1250 ℃ of temperature; carry out the later stage insulation to 1270 ℃ of truces, finish and burn till whole process.

The Chemical Composition of blank and glaze sees Table one in this example

Table one

	Loss on ignition	SiO 2	Al 2O 3	MgO	ZnO	ZrO 2	BaO	CaO	K 2O	Na 2O	Total amount
												Blank		53.0	21.5	15.5	0.6	4.8	1.5	1.0	1.3	0.7	99.9
Glaze	7.6	67.5	10.5	2.2	1.9	1.5	1.0	3.0	3.2	1.3	99.7

In glaze with 8% nanometer SiO ₂With replacement SiO ₂Nano-ZnO with 2% and replacement ZnO.

The multicrystal strengthening porcelain products that the present invention obtains have following premium properties:

Folding strength: greater than 210MPa;

Thermostability: 200-250 ℃ hydrothermal exchange once can explosion;

Light transmission: good;

Whiteness: greater than 80 °;

Hardness of glaze surface: greater than 690kg/mm ²

Embodiment two

Adopt conventional ceramic process, with common kaolin is main raw material, be equipped with other auxiliary material and carry out the formula rate adjustment, comprise operations such as the material modification → batching ball milling → deironing → filter mud that sieves → pugging → old → moulding → drying → glazing → drying → burn till → check → pack, the measure of following raising end properties wherein arranged:

1) in the material modification operation common kaolin is placed in the retort, adds the concentrated acid modification, making common kaolinic composition is SiO ₂46-49%, Al ₂O ₃32-34%, and have high plasticity.

2) by the formula rate adjustment batching of design blank, make to meet the requirements.In blank, introduce 3% Al ₂O ₃Whisker and 2% ZrO ₂Whisker.

3) carry out ball milling, deironing, sieve after the batching, filter mud, pugging, old; Ball milling 22 hours, it is surplus 0.02% at 10000-hole sieve to measure fineness, puts mud after qualified, remove by magnetic separator and to take out the slurry filter mud in the mud after the irony, carry out the vacuum pugging first time after moisture content is controlled at 25%, it is 15-20 days that warehouse-in is deposited the old time, reprocessing pugging 2-3 time.

4) formed product: 60 ℃ of oven dry form removals after about a hour, advanced baking room more about 5 hours after the embryo product typings after the moulding of embryo product, wait embryo product drying afterwards (ridity 85-90%), screen and repair embryo, send the glazing operation after qualified with stereotype plate.

5) embryo product glazing: before the glazing, with the inside and outside water of going up of embryo product, after the embryo product have sucked small amount of moisture, again every 4-5 hour can glazing, and check, repair glaze in case of necessity.

6) the product loading of kiln is burnt till: adopt low temperature to burn (making into weakly reducing atmosphere) slowly; adopt little fire to burn slowly; make the embryo product go up moisture content and remove (approximately 3-4 hour) fully; temperature enters moderate heat again and burns till after 850 ℃; up to 1250 ℃ of temperature; carry out the later stage insulation to 1270 ℃ of truces, finish and burn till whole process.

The Chemical Composition of blank and glaze sees Table two in this example

Table two

	Loss on ignition	SiO 2	Al 2O 3	MgO	ZnO	ZrO 2	BaO	CaO	K 2O	Na 2O	Total amount
												Blank		58.0	15.0	17.9	1.0	3.2	2.8	0.7	0.9	0.5	100.0
Glaze	11.6	63.5	11.8	3.0	1.2	2.0	0.6	4.2	1.0	0.6	99.5

In glaze with 10% nanometer SiO ₂With replacement SiO ₂Nano-ZnO with 1.0% and replacement ZnO.

The multicrystal strengthening porcelain products that the present invention obtains have following premium properties:

Folding strength: greater than 200MPa;

Thermostability: 200-250 ℃ hydrothermal exchange once can explosion;

Light transmission: good;

Whiteness: greater than 80 °;

Hardness of glaze surface: greater than 680kg/mm ²

Embodiment three

Adopt conventional ceramic process, with common kaolin is main raw material, be equipped with other auxiliary material and carry out the formula rate adjustment, comprise operations such as the material modification → batching ball milling → deironing → filter mud that sieves → pugging → old → moulding → drying → glazing → drying → burn till → check → pack, the measure of following raising end properties wherein arranged:

1) in the material modification operation common kaolin is placed in the retort, adds the concentrated acid modification, making common kaolinic composition is SiO ₂43-46%, Al ₂O ₃36-38%, and have high plasticity.

2) by the formula rate adjustment batching of design blank, make to meet the requirements.In blank, introduce 5% Al ₂O ₃Whisker and 1.0% ZrO ₂Whisker.

3) carry out ball milling, deironing, sieve after the batching, filter mud, pugging, old; Ball milling 22 hours, it is surplus 0.02% at 10000-hole sieve to measure fineness, puts mud after qualified, remove by magnetic separator and to take out the slurry filter mud in the mud after the irony, carry out the vacuum pugging first time after moisture content is controlled at 25%, it is 15-20 days that warehouse-in is deposited the old time, reprocessing pugging 2-3 time.

4) formed product: 60 ℃ of oven dry form removals after about a hour, advanced baking room more about 5 hours after the embryo product typings after the moulding of embryo product, wait embryo product drying afterwards (ridity 85-90%), screen and repair embryo, send the glazing operation after qualified with stereotype plate.

5) embryo product glazing: before the glazing, with the inside and outside water of going up of embryo product, after the embryo product have sucked small amount of moisture, again every 4-5 hour can glazing, and check, repair glaze in case of necessity.

6) the product loading of kiln is burnt till: adopt low temperature to burn (making into weakly reducing atmosphere) slowly; adopt little fire to burn slowly; make the embryo product go up moisture content and remove (approximately 3-4 hour) fully; temperature enters moderate heat again and burns till after 850 ℃; up to 1250 ℃ of temperature; carry out the later stage insulation to 1270 ℃ of truces, finish and burn till whole process.

The Chemical Composition of blank and glaze sees Table two in this example

Table three

	Loss on ignition	SiO 2	Al 2O 3	MgO	ZnO	ZrO 2	BaO	CaO	K 2O	Na 2O	Total amount
												Blank		55.1	17.0	20.3	1.8	4.0	0.6	0.3	0.7	0.2	100.0
Glaze	9.5	65.0	9.5	3.9	1.5	1.1	0.8	4.8	2.2	1.0	99.3

In glaze with 6% nanometer SiO ₂With replacement SiO ₂Nano-ZnO with 1.5% and replacement ZnO.

The multicrystal strengthening porcelain products that the present invention obtains have following premium properties:

Folding strength: greater than 210MPa;

Thermostability: 200-250 ℃ hydrothermal exchange once can explosion;

Light transmission: good;

Whiteness: greater than 80 °;

Hardness of glaze surface: greater than 670kg/mm ²

Claims (5)

1. the manufacturing process of a multicrystal strengthening porcelain, with common kaolin is main raw material, comprise and material modification → batching ball milling → filter mud → pugging → old → moulding → drying → glazing → drying → burn till → inspection process it is characterized in that the basal component weight percent of blank is:

SiO ₂ 52-60％、

Al ₂O ₃ 15-22％、

MgO 15-21％、

ZnO 0.5-2％、

ZrO ₂ 3-5％、

BaO 0.5-3％，

CaO 0.2-1.0％、

K ₂O 0.6-1.3％、

Na ₂O 0.2-0.7％、

Al wherein ₂O ₃In include the Al that accounts for blank total amount 3-5% ₂O ₃Whisker;

Cooperate the basal component weight percent of the glaze of above-mentioned blank use to be:

Loss on ignition 7-12%,

SiO ₂ 63-68％、

Al ₂O ₃ 9-12％、

MgO 2-4％、

CaO 3-5％、

ZnO 1-2％、

ZrO ₂ 1-2％、

BaO 0.5-1％、

K ₂O 1-3.5％、

Na ₂O 0.5-1.5％。

2. the manufacturing process of multicrystal strengthening porcelain as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the ZrO that uses 1-2% in blank ₂Whisker instead of part ZrO ₂

3. the manufacturing process of multicrystal strengthening porcelain as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the nanometer SiO that uses 5-10% in glaze ₂Instead of part SiO ₂

4. the manufacturing process of multicrystal strengthening porcelain as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the nano-ZnO instead of part or the whole ZnO that use 1-2% in glaze.

5. as the manufacturing process of described any multicrystal strengthening porcelain of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that:

(1) in the material modification operation common kaolin is placed in the retort, the mineral acid that adds high density carries out modification, makes SiO in the common kaolin ₂Weight percent be 43-52%, Al ₂O ₃Weight percent be the 32-38% scope, and have high plasticity;

(2) in firing process, firing atmosphere is a weakly reducing atmosphere, and firing temperature is 1250-1350 ℃.