CN113510249A - Multi-runner high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder - Google Patents
Multi-runner high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN113510249A CN113510249A CN202110755057.2A CN202110755057A CN113510249A CN 113510249 A CN113510249 A CN 113510249A CN 202110755057 A CN202110755057 A CN 202110755057A CN 113510249 A CN113510249 A CN 113510249A
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- rotor
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- hard powder
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- cooling water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/20—Cooling means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
A multi-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator and the rotor are two hollow cylindrical main bodies, a plurality of channels are arranged in the stator and the rotor, and each channel can convey flowing media such as hard powder, gas, liquid and the like; the upper half part of the rotor is nested in the stator, and the lower half part of the rotor is connected with the stepping motor through the synchronizing wheel, so that high-speed rotation is realized under the driving of the stepping motor; an annular receiving groove is formed at the junction of the stator and the rotor, so that conveying substances in the stator enter the annular receiving groove through a flow passage and enter the rotor rotating at a high speed, and annular sealing grooves are formed above and below the annular receiving groove. The invention can simultaneously convey hard powder, high-pressure gas and cooling water from a fixed passage to a passage rotating at high speed, so that the passage is sealed and does not leak, and a laser beam passage is reserved in the device. The hard powder is conveyed into a laser head rotating at a high speed by means of high-pressure gas so as to realize the processing of the annular surface by the laser head.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a multi-runner high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder.
Background
The laser additive manufacturing means that the additive material is melted by high-energy laser beams and then is formed in an accumulated mode layer by layer, and damaged parts can be repaired and surface strengthened. Due to its remarkable advantages, it has been rapidly developed in recent decades, in which the additives are mainly metal powder, and the addition method is divided into a pre-powder method and a powder feeding method. With the gradual maturity of domestic laser additive manufacturing technology and laser cladding technology and the gradual reduction of the price of laser instrument, the application of laser processing technology in industrial production is also more and more extensive, wherein with high, efficient, the shaping of powder utilization ratio high, the controllable parameter of coaxial powder feeding, there is huge development space and prospect, corresponding coaxial powder feeding also has the highest requirement to the design of the transport route of hard powder, high-pressure gas, liquid.
The existing laser processing technology only can process the surface of a flat plate or a simple part by means of simple reciprocating linear motion of a platform and a mechanical arm on a plane due to the fact that pipelines for conveying powder, gas and liquid need to be connected, and a laser head cannot rotate and cannot process a complex surface with a cambered surface. In actual industrial production, some cambered surface surfaces are often reinforced or repaired, which severely limits the application of technologies such as laser additive manufacturing and laser cladding.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention provides a multi-flow-channel high-speed rotating sealing device capable of conveying hard powder, which can simultaneously convey the hard powder, high-pressure gas and cooling water from a fixed channel to a channel rotating at high speed, so that the channel is sealed without leakage, and a laser beam channel is reserved in the device. The hard powder is conveyed into a laser head rotating at a high speed by means of high-pressure gas so as to realize the processing of the annular surface by the laser head.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a multi-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder comprises a stator 1 and a rotor 2, wherein the stator 1 and the rotor 2 are two hollow cylindrical main bodies, a plurality of channels are arranged inside the stator 1 and the rotor 2, and each channel can convey flowing media such as hard powder, gas, liquid and the like;
the upper half part of the rotor 2 is nested in the stator 1, and the lower half part of the rotor is connected with a stepping motor through a synchronous wheel 3, so that high-speed rotation is realized under the driving of the stepping motor;
an annular receiving groove is formed in the junction of the stator 1 and the rotor 2, so that conveying materials in the stator 1 enter the annular receiving groove through a flow channel and then enter the rotor 2 rotating at a high speed, and annular sealing grooves are formed above and below the annular receiving groove.
The flow channel comprises a transverse flow channel and a longitudinal flow channel, the transverse flow channel is arranged on the stator 1, the transverse flow channel and the longitudinal flow channel are arranged on the rotor, the transverse flow channel and the longitudinal flow channel on the rotor are communicated with each other, and the transverse flow channel on the stator is communicated with the longitudinal flow channel on the rotor through a corresponding annular receiving groove.
The annular sealing groove comprises a cooling water receiving groove 17, a cooling water backflow receiving groove 19, a hard powder receiving groove 23 and a protective gas receiving groove 21, the tail end of the annular sealing groove is respectively provided with a longitudinal channel which is downward along the axis direction and leads to the bottom end of the rotor 2, the bottom end of the rotor 2 is provided with four transverse quick insertion ports which are respectively connected with the longitudinal channels, and conveyed substances flow out of the corresponding quick insertion ports on the rotor 2.
The fast-inserting port of the rotor 2 is connected with an external pipeline and is connected to a port on the laser cladding head through a hole preset on the synchronizing wheel 3, and cladding powder, cooling water and shielding gas are conveyed for laser processing.
A dynamic seal ring 24 with hardened surface is arranged in the annular seal groove.
Each transverse flow channel in the stator 1 is communicated with a corresponding fast-inserting port arranged on the outer side of the stator 1, the number of the fast-inserting ports is four, the fast-inserting ports are respectively connected with a protective gas inlet 7, a hard powder inlet 5, a cooling water inlet 6 and a cooling water backflow outlet 4, the cooling water backflow outlet 4 and the hard powder inlet 5 are arranged on the same side, the cooling water inlet 6 and the protective gas inlet 7 are arranged on the same side, the fast-inserting ports are not arranged on the same horizontal plane, and a certain distance is kept between the four fast-inserting ports.
Each transverse flow passage in the rotor 2 is communicated with a quick-connection port arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the rotor 2, the number of the quick-connection ports is four, the quick-connection ports are respectively connected with a protective gas outlet 8, a hard powder outlet 9, a cooling water outlet 10 and a cooling water backflow inlet 11, included angles between the four quick-connection ports are 90 degrees, and the four quick-connection ports are all on the same horizontal plane.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can reduce the pressure and affect the production quality if gas, powder and cooling water leak, and the powder leaks into the rotating shaft moving at high speed to cause serious abrasive wear and seriously reduce the practical service life of the equipment. The sealing grooves are respectively arranged above and below the receiving groove parts, and the dynamic sealing rings are arranged in the sealing grooves, so that the dynamic sealing rings cross the sealing grooves on the stator and the rotor to seal the gap between the stator and the rotor, and gas, hard powder and cooling water are prevented from leaking.
The upper end of rotor has enough long part to inlay on the inner wall of stator, and the laminating is inseparable between the two, also enables stable rotation of rotor and does not take place to sway when connecting longer rotating head below the rotor, and high-speed rotatory under the drive of rotor below synchronizing wheel can make laser beam machining head have sufficient dry extension to get into high-speed rotatory in the deep hole to stably carry stereoplasm powder, air current, cooling water, and transmission laser beam, with the powder that send that is used for the rotatory laser cladding of hole high speed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the entirety of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the entirety of the present invention.
Wherein: the rotor comprises a stator 1, a rotor 2, a synchronizing wheel 3, a cooling water backflow outlet 4, a hard powder inlet 5, a cooling water inlet 6, a protective gas inlet 7, a protective gas outlet 8, a hard powder outlet 9, a cooling water outlet 10, a cooling water backflow inlet 11, a laser beam channel 12, a stator fixing screw hole 13, a rotor fixing screw hole 14, a preset channel 15, a cooling water channel 16, a cooling water receiving groove 17, a cooling water backflow channel 18, a cooling water backflow receiving groove 19, a protective gas channel 20, a protective gas receiving groove 21, a hard powder channel 22, a hard powder receiving groove 23 and a dynamic sealing ring 24.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1 and figure 2, the multi-channel high-speed rotary sealing device comprises a stator 1, a rotor 2 and a synchronous wheel 3 driven by a stepping motor to rotate. The stator 1 and the rotor 2 are two hollow round shafts, a laser beam channel 12 of the two hollow round shafts can be penetrated by a laser beam during laser processing, the stator 1 is fixed on a base plate through a stator fixing screw hole 13, and the rotor 2 is fixed on a 3 synchronous wheel which is driven by a stepping motor to rotate at a high speed through a rotor fixing screw hole 14.
Under the condition that the stator 1 and the rotor 2 rotate at a relatively high speed, the laser head realizes multi-flow-channel stable conveying of various substances containing hard powder, and the design of the path of each flow channel and the design of a pore channel, a receiving groove and a sealing groove at the joint of the stator 1 and the rotor 2 are mainly relied on.
Four fast interface on the stator 1 connect respectively protective gas entry 7, stereoplasm powder entry 5, cooling water entry 6 and cooling water backward flow export 4, contained angle 90 between the four, and all be not on same horizontal plane, keep the certain distance between the four.
And a receiving groove is arranged on the outer surface of the rotor 2 corresponding to the transverse pore canal on the stator 1 and is used for receiving the gas, the powder and the cooling water flowing out from each pore canal on the stator 1.
Longitudinal passages downward in the axial direction are provided at the distal ends of the cooling water receiving groove 17, the cooling water return receiving groove 19, the hard powder receiving groove 23, and the shielding gas receiving groove 21, respectively, to the bottom end of the rotor 2. Four transverse quick-insertion ports are arranged at the bottom end of the rotor 2 and are respectively connected with each longitudinal channel, and the conveyed substances flow out of the corresponding quick-insertion ports on the rotor 2. The fast interface that rotor 2 is downward connects the outside pipeline, connects to the interface on the laser cladding head through the hole that presets on synchronizing wheel 3, for laser processing transport cladding powder, cooling water and protective gas.
The annular sealing grooves are arranged above and below the annular receiving groove, and the dynamic sealing rings subjected to surface hardening are arranged in the annular sealing grooves, so that the phenomenon that hard powder and other conveying substances enter wall seams of the stator and the rotor to damage the sealing performance of the device during high-speed rotation is avoided.
The invention enables the laser head in the processing processes of powder feeding type laser additive manufacturing, laser cladding and the like to realize rapid rotation, improves the flexibility and the applicability of laser processing, particularly enables the laser cladding head to rotate at high speed in the field of inner hole rotating laser cladding, ensures the stable transportation of hard powder, cooling water and high-pressure protective gas, and realizes the high-efficiency processing of the inner surface of a deep hole.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, the cooling water flows from the cooling water channel 16 on the stator 1 into the cooling water receiving groove 17 on the rotor 2, then flows along the channel in the rotor 2 to the cooling water outlet 10 at the bottom of the rotor, cools the rotation laser head, then flows back to the cooling water return channel 18 on the rotor 2, and enters the cooling water return channel 18 on the stator 1 through the cooling water return receiving groove 19. The hard powder and the protective gas respectively enter the channel in the rotor 2 from the hard powder channel 22 and the protective gas channel 20 in the stator 1 through corresponding receiving grooves, and then are conveyed to the cladding head through the preset channel 15 reserved on the synchronizing wheel 3.
The sealing at the relative rotation position of the stator 1 and the rotor 2 is the key of the novel structure, when gas, liquid and especially hard powder particles enter the rotor 2 from the stator 1, the gas and the liquid can enter a wall gap rotating relatively to cause leakage, and the hard powder enters the wall gap to cause serious abrasive wear, so that the performance and the service life of parts are reduced. The invention designs 24 dynamic sealing ring isolation grooves above and below the receiving groove respectively to block the diffusion of gas, liquid and hard powder along the wall gap, thereby realizing the sealing effect of the rotor during high-speed rotation.
Claims (7)
1. The multi-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder is characterized by comprising a stator (1) and a rotor (2), wherein the stator (1) and the rotor (2) are two hollow cylindrical main bodies, a plurality of channels are arranged inside the stator (1) and the rotor (2), and each channel can convey flowing media such as hard powder, gas, liquid and the like;
the upper half part of the rotor (2) is nested in the stator (1), and the lower half part of the rotor is connected with a stepping motor through a synchronizing wheel (3) and driven by the stepping motor to rotate at a high speed;
the rotor structure is characterized in that an annular receiving groove is formed in the junction of the stator (1) and the rotor (2), so that conveying substances in the stator (1) enter the annular receiving groove through a flow passage and enter the rotor (2) rotating at a high speed, and annular sealing grooves are formed above and below the annular receiving groove.
2. The multi-flow-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder is characterized in that the flow channels comprise a transverse flow channel and a longitudinal flow channel, the stator (1) is provided with the transverse flow channel, the rotor is provided with the transverse flow channel and the longitudinal flow channel, the transverse flow channel and the longitudinal flow channel on the rotor are communicated with each other, and the transverse flow channel on the stator is communicated with the longitudinal flow channel on the rotor through a corresponding annular receiving groove.
3. The multi-flow-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder is characterized in that the annular receiving groove comprises a cooling water receiving groove (17), a cooling water backflow receiving groove (19), a hard powder receiving groove (23) and a protective gas receiving groove (21), a longitudinal channel which is downward along the axial direction is formed at the tail end of the annular sealing groove and leads to the bottom end of the rotor (2), four transverse quick-insertion ports are formed in the bottom end of the rotor (2) and are respectively connected with the longitudinal channels, and conveying materials flow out of the corresponding quick-insertion ports in the rotor (2).
4. The multi-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fast-insertion port of the rotor (2) is connected with an external pipeline and is connected to a port on a laser cladding head through a preset hole on the synchronizing wheel (3) to convey cladding powder, cooling water and shielding gas for laser processing.
5. The multi-flow-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder according to claim 1, wherein a dynamic sealing ring (24) with a hardened surface is arranged in the annular sealing groove.
6. The multi-flow-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder is characterized in that each transverse flow channel in the stator (1) is communicated with a corresponding fast-insertion port arranged on the outer side of the stator (1), the number of the fast-insertion ports is four, and the fast-insertion ports are respectively connected with a protective gas inlet (7), a hard powder inlet (5), a cooling water inlet (6) and a cooling water backflow outlet (4), wherein the cooling water backflow outlet (4) and the hard powder inlet (5) are arranged on the same side, the cooling water inlet (6) and the protective gas inlet (7) are arranged on the same side, the fast-insertion ports are not arranged on the same horizontal plane, and a certain distance is kept between the four fast-insertion ports.
7. The multi-flow-channel high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein each transverse flow channel in the rotor (2) is communicated with a fast-insertion port arranged on the outer side of the lower end of the rotor (2), the number of the fast-insertion ports is four, the fast-insertion ports are respectively connected with a protective gas outlet (8), a hard powder outlet (9), a cooling water outlet (10) and a cooling water backflow inlet (11), and included angles between the four ports are 90 degrees and are all on the same horizontal plane.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110755057.2A CN113510249B (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Multi-runner high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110755057.2A CN113510249B (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Multi-runner high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113510249A true CN113510249A (en) | 2021-10-19 |
| CN113510249B CN113510249B (en) | 2022-12-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110755057.2A Active CN113510249B (en) | 2021-07-02 | 2021-07-02 | Multi-runner high-speed rotary sealing device capable of conveying hard powder |
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Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001038471A (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for welding inside diameter of small diameter hole |
| DE10116720A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Laser powder coating device |
| US20050252450A1 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2005-11-17 | Flame Spray Industries, Inc. | Plasma spray method and apparatus for applying a coating utilizing particle kinetics |
| CN201190183Y (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-02-04 | 北京工业大学 | Coaxial powder-feeding system for laser fusion and coating |
| CN203546145U (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2014-04-16 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Annular cladding device for laser cladding process |
| WO2017078524A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Laser Clad Company B.V. | Method for laser cladding |
| KR20180012383A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-06 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | Apparatus for cladding |
| CN108677186A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-19 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of self-rotary Compound cooling feeding head nozzle |
| US20190047088A1 (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-14 | Formalloy, Llc | Laser metal deposition head |
| CN112899679A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-04 | 西安科技大学 | Rotary laser cladding system and cladding method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-07-02 CN CN202110755057.2A patent/CN113510249B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001038471A (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-13 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Method for welding inside diameter of small diameter hole |
| DE10116720A1 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-10 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Laser powder coating device |
| US20050252450A1 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2005-11-17 | Flame Spray Industries, Inc. | Plasma spray method and apparatus for applying a coating utilizing particle kinetics |
| CN201190183Y (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2009-02-04 | 北京工业大学 | Coaxial powder-feeding system for laser fusion and coating |
| CN203546145U (en) * | 2013-10-19 | 2014-04-16 | 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 | Annular cladding device for laser cladding process |
| WO2017078524A1 (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2017-05-11 | Laser Clad Company B.V. | Method for laser cladding |
| KR20180012383A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-06 | 아주대학교산학협력단 | Apparatus for cladding |
| US20190047088A1 (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-14 | Formalloy, Llc | Laser metal deposition head |
| CN108677186A (en) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-10-19 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of self-rotary Compound cooling feeding head nozzle |
| CN112899679A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-04 | 西安科技大学 | Rotary laser cladding system and cladding method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN113510249B (en) | 2022-12-27 |
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