CN113509662A - Clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing method thereof - Google Patents
Clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113509662A CN113509662A CN202110459239.5A CN202110459239A CN113509662A CN 113509662 A CN113509662 A CN 113509662A CN 202110459239 A CN202110459239 A CN 202110459239A CN 113509662 A CN113509662 A CN 113509662A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
- A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam
- A62C5/022—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam with air or gas present as such
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
- A62C31/12—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing for delivering foam or atomised foam
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
- A62D1/0085—Foams containing perfluoroalkyl-terminated surfactant
Abstract
The invention provides a clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing method thereof, wherein liquid nitrogen is gasified to serve as foam gas phase, clean gas BTP is added to the foam liquid phase in a liquid phase form to prepare clean gas fluorine-free fire extinguishing foam, the stifling fire extinguishing effect of nitrogen and the chemical fire extinguishing effect of BTP are fully exerted, the physical and chemical dual fire extinguishing is realized, and the fire extinguishing efficiency of the foam is improved. The problem that for flammable liquid which is easy to evaporate and has large saturated vapor pressure and low boiling point, the transportation of flammable vapor to a combustion area is difficult to completely stop only by physical actions such as covering and isolating of fluorine-free foam, and fire is difficult to completely extinguish is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing method thereof.
Background
The most common and effective method for extinguishing liquid fuel fire at present is that water-based foam is quickly spread on the surface of liquid fuel to form a foam layer to prevent fuel vapor from entering flame, and water is vaporized and separated out to absorb heat to reduce the temperature of the surface of fuel so as to achieve the purpose of quickly extinguishing fire. The key fire extinguishing principle is the rapid spreading of the foam on the fuel surface and the barrier to fuel vapor entering the flame. However, for flammable liquids that are easily evaporated and have a high saturated vapor pressure and a low boiling point, it is difficult to completely prevent the flammable vapor from being delivered to the combustion area only by physical actions such as covering and isolating the non-fluorine foam, and the fire is not easily extinguished completely.
The existing clean gas fire extinguishing technology mainly adopts the suffocation effect of inert gases such as nitrogen and the like or 2-bromine-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropylene (BTP) and the like to participate in a combustion reaction to interrupt a combustion reaction chain so as to achieve the purpose of extinguishing fire. Because of the small amount of BTP and other clean gases involved in the combustion reaction, if the BTP is used as a gas phase medium of foam, high-power foaming cannot be realized. Therefore, it is necessary to combine the inert gas foam fire extinguishing technology such as nitrogen gas, to achieve a high-power foaming and to quickly cover the burning fuel surface with the foam while exerting the suffocation fire extinguishing action of nitrogen gas and the chemical fire extinguishing action of BTP and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that combustible liquid which is easy to evaporate and has a large saturated vapor pressure and a low boiling point is difficult to completely prevent the delivery of combustible vapor to a combustion area and completely extinguish a fire by only depending on physical actions such as covering and isolation of fluorine-free foam, and provides a clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing method thereof.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a reservoir, a plunger pump, a normal pressure foaming agent storage tank, a gas-liquid mixing acceleration cylinder, a spiral nozzle, a clean gas inlet, a gradually expanding rotational flow foam production cylinder and a foam spray gun;
the gas-liquid mixing acceleration cylinder comprises a gas compression chamber, an annular nozzle group, a mixed liquid acceleration chamber and a gas-liquid mixing chamber, wherein the gas compression chamber is an annular cavity, and the side wall of the gas compression chamber is provided with a gas inlet; the annular nozzle group comprises a plurality of jet nozzles which are uniformly arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the air compression chamber, and the inlet ends of the nozzles are communicated with the air compression chamber; the mixed liquid accelerating chamber is a tapered cavity, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is a cylindrical cavity, and the side wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber is provided with a clean gas inlet;
the divergent cyclone bubble producing cylinder comprises a conical cavity and a divergent cyclone element arranged in the conical cavity, and gas-liquid two-phase flow generates bubbles through speed reduction and pressurization at the position; the gradually-expanding vortex element comprises a rotating shaft and a spiral blade arranged on the rotating shaft, a plurality of small holes are uniformly formed in the spiral blade, and the diameter of the blade is gradually widened when the spiral blade is arranged;
the liquid nitrogen storage tank passes through the liquid nitrogen supply pipe and links to each other with the spiral nozzle, and the spiral nozzle passes the plenum chamber and stretches into mixed liquid acceleration chamber, is equipped with the inlet on the lateral wall of plenum chamber, and the cistern passes through the pressurized-water supply pipe and the inlet switch-on, and is equipped with plunger pump and negative pressure efflux imbibition pump on this pressurized-water supply pipe, be equipped with the inlet on the negative pressure imbibition efflux pump and connect the foamer save set, expand the terminal intercommunication of gas-liquid mixture chamber of whirl foam production barrel and gas-liquid mixture acceleration barrel, be equipped with the cover that converges on the whirl foam production barrel that gradually expands end-to-end connection of pivot of whirl component has the pivot frame, and the pivot frame is fixed in the cover that converges through the support, it links to each other with the foam spray gun to converge the cover end through foam pipeline.
Furthermore, the liquid nitrogen supply pipe is provided with a regulating valve.
Further, the inner peripheral wall of the mixed liquid accelerating chamber is provided with a pressure sensor and a T-shaped thermocouple. Testing pressure change in the preparation process by using a pressure sensor, collecting image information in the preparation process, and analyzing pressure distribution and gas-liquid turbulence intensity in the preparation process; and a T-shaped thermocouple is adopted to test the temperature change in the processes of rapid gasification of liquid nitrogen and gas-liquid mixing.
Further, the clean gas inlet is connected with a clean gas bottle.
Furthermore, a one-way valve is arranged on the foaming agent supply pipe.
Further, the nozzles of the annular nozzle group are all obliquely arranged towards the central axis of the mixed liquid accelerating chamber, and the included angle between the spraying direction of the nozzles and the central axis is 10-30 degrees.
The invention also provides a fire extinguishing method of the device, which comprises the following steps: the foam mixed liquid obtained after mixing water and the foaming agent is conveyed into a gas compression chamber, liquid nitrogen gasification is adopted as a foam gas phase, gasification is generated in a mixed liquid acceleration chamber, liquefied nitrogen generated after the liquid nitrogen gasification is primarily mixed with the foam mixed liquid sprayed by the gas compression chamber, and then clean gas is added to mix to generate foam and spray the foam to extinguish fire.
Further, water in the reservoir and the foaming agent in the normal-pressure foaming agent storage tank are conveyed into a pressure air chamber, the water is sprayed into a mixed liquid acceleration chamber through an annular nozzle group and is initially mixed with liquid nitrogen sprayed from a spiral nozzle to form compressed gas foam mixed liquid, then the compressed air foam mixed liquid enters a gas-liquid mixing chamber and is mixed with clean gas to generate foam, the foam mixed liquid enters a divergent rotational flow foam generating cylinder body under the action of the gas pressure of the clean gas, gas-liquid turbulence is enhanced through rotational flow, and the foam mixed with nitrogen and the clean gas is sprayed out of a foam spray gun through a foam conveying pipeline to extinguish fire. By the physical and chemical dual fire extinguishing device, high-power foaming is realized while the suffocation fire extinguishing function of nitrogen and the chemical fire extinguishing function of BTP and the like are exerted, the foam quickly covers the surface of burning fuel, and the combustible steam is prevented from being conveyed to a burning area;
further, the cleaning gas is BTP.
The fire extinguishing principle is that nitrogen liquid is sprayed out in a spiral diffusion mode after passing through the nozzles, and the annular nozzle group arranged sprays the liquid to diffused liquid nitrogen for initial mixing; adding BTP liquid after initial mixing; in the gradually expanding rotational flow bubble-producing cylinder part, the gas-liquid turbulence is enhanced by the speed reduction pressurization and the rotational flow to fully produce bubbles, and the formed rotary foam is sprayed out from the foam spray gun through a foam conveying pipeline to extinguish fire.
Has the advantages that: (1) the adopted clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device is simple and convenient to operate and small in occupied area. The device has the advantages that the device can be adapted to the characteristic that the foam volume is continuously increased in the movement process while the bubbles are generated by enhancing gas-liquid turbulence through the rotational flow, so that the rotational flow elements are gradually expanded, the foam loss caused by overlarge resistance is reduced, and the high foaming rate of the device is ensured. (2) Liquid nitrogen is gasified to serve as a foam gas phase, clean gas BTP is added to a foam liquid phase in a liquid phase mode to prepare clean gas fluorine-free fire extinguishing foam, the stifling fire extinguishing effect of nitrogen and the chemical fire extinguishing effect of BTP are fully exerted, physical and chemical dual fire extinguishing is realized, and the fire extinguishing efficiency of foam is improved. The problem that for flammable liquid which is easy to evaporate and has large saturated vapor pressure and low boiling point, the transportation of flammable vapor to a combustion area is difficult to completely stop only by physical actions such as covering and isolating of fluorine-free foam, and fire is difficult to completely extinguish is solved. (3) The fluorine-free foam liquid added with the silicon dioxide nano particles and the cationic organosilicon surfactant is selected as the foam liquid, so that the spreadability of foam and the capability of blocking fuel vapor are improved. (4) Through a jet flow-spiral mesh foam generating mode, heat and mass transfer of two-phase foam is expected to be enhanced, resistance loss in a foaming process is reduced, low-resistance high-efficiency foaming is realized, and the high-efficiency fire extinguishing effect of the foam is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. a liquid nitrogen storage tank; 2. a reservoir; 3. a plunger pump; 4. a normal-pressure foaming agent storage tank pool; 5. a negative pressure liquid suction jet pump; 6. an annular nozzle group; 7. a spiral nozzle; 8. a clean gas inlet; 9. a gradually expanding rotational flow foam generating cylinder; 10. a foam spray gun.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank 1, a reservoir 2, a plunger pump 3, a normal pressure foaming agent storage tank 4, a negative pressure liquid absorption jet pump 5, a gas-liquid mixing acceleration cylinder 6, a spiral nozzle 7, a clean gas inlet 8, a gradually expanding rotational flow foam generating cylinder 9 and a foam spray gun 10;
the gas-liquid mixing acceleration cylinder comprises a gas compression chamber, an annular nozzle group, a mixed liquid acceleration chamber and a gas-liquid mixing chamber, wherein the gas compression chamber is an annular cavity, and the side wall of the gas compression chamber is provided with a gas inlet, so that compressed air can be ensured to uniformly enter the cylinder, and uneven gas inlet is avoided; the annular nozzle group comprises a plurality of jet nozzles which are uniformly arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the air compression chamber, and the inlet ends of the nozzles are communicated with the air compression chamber; the nozzle installation angle is 21 degrees, local low pressure is formed around the jet flow nozzle, and smooth introduction of foam liquid and preliminary mixing of gas and liquid are ensured; the mixed liquid accelerating chamber is a tapered cavity, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is a cylindrical cavity, and the side wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber is provided with a clean gas inlet;
the divergent cyclone bubble producing cylinder comprises a conical cavity and a divergent cyclone element arranged in the conical cavity, and gas-liquid two-phase flow generates bubbles through speed reduction and pressurization at the position; the gradually-expanding rotational flow element comprises a rotating shaft and a spiral blade arranged on the rotating shaft, a plurality of small holes are uniformly formed in the spiral blade, bubbles are fully generated in a gas-liquid two-phase mode through the rotational flow and mesh effect, and the diameter of the blade is gradually widened when the spiral blade is arranged; in the gradually expanding rotational flow bubble producing cylinder part, the rotational flow is utilized to enhance gas-liquid turbulence for bubble production, and simultaneously, the characteristic that the foam volume is continuously increased in the motion process is adapted, so that the rotational flow element is gradually expanded, the foam loss caused by overlarge resistance is reduced, and the high bubble forming rate of the device is ensured.
The liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected with the spiral nozzle through a liquid nitrogen supply pipe, and the spiral nozzle penetrates through the gas compression chamber and extends into the mixed liquid acceleration chamber; the spiral nozzle can be a spiral solid conical nozzle, and the sprayed water jet is spiral and can evenly suck surrounding air to form even negative pressure, so that stable liquid suction is ensured.
A liquid inlet is arranged on the side wall of the air compression chamber, the reservoir is communicated with the liquid inlet through a pressure water supply pipe, a plunger pump and a negative pressure liquid absorption jet pump are arranged on the pressure water supply pipe, the liquid inlet is arranged on the negative pressure liquid absorption jet pump and is connected with a foaming agent storage pool, water flows into the air compression chamber through the pressure water supply pipe, and stable negative pressure is generated to suck the foaming agent through the foaming agent supply pipe; the normal-pressure foaming agent storage pool stores fluorine-free foam liquid reinforced by silicon dioxide nanoparticles. The front end of a conical cavity of the expanding rotational flow foam generating barrel is communicated with the tail end of a gas-liquid mixing chamber of the gas-liquid mixing accelerating barrel, the tail end of the gradually expanding rotational flow foam generating barrel is provided with a converging cover, the tail end of a rotating shaft of the gradually expanding rotational flow element is connected with a rotating shaft frame, the rotating shaft frame is fixed in the converging cover 11 through a support, and the converging cover is connected with a foam spray gun through a foam conveying pipeline.
And the liquid nitrogen supply pipe is provided with an adjusting valve. And the inner peripheral wall of the mixed liquid accelerating chamber is provided with a pressure sensor and a T-shaped thermocouple. Testing pressure change in the preparation process by using a pressure sensor, collecting image information in the preparation process, and analyzing pressure distribution and gas-liquid turbulence intensity in the preparation process; and a T-shaped thermocouple is adopted to test the temperature change in the processes of rapid gasification of liquid nitrogen and gas-liquid mixing.
The clean gas inlet is connected with a clean gas bottle. And a one-way valve is arranged on the foaming agent supply pipe.
The nozzles of the annular nozzle group are all obliquely arranged towards the central axis of the mixed liquid accelerating chamber, and the included angle between the spraying direction of the nozzles and the central axis is 10-30 degrees.
When the device is used for fire extinguishing, the plunger pump is started firstly, water in the reservoir enters the negative pressure liquid absorption jet pump through the plunger pump to form negative pressure and absorb foaming agent at the same time, the water enters the annular foam liquid jet nozzle group through the air inlet and then is sprayed, liquid nitrogen is sprayed out in the mixed liquid accelerating chamber in a spiral diffusion mode through the spiral nozzle through the liquid nitrogen supply pipe, and the liquid nitrogen and high-speed jet flow generated by the jet nozzle enable the foam liquid to enter the mixed liquid accelerating chamber together and perform initial mixing acceleration; after the initial mixing, adding BTP liquid into a gas-liquid mixing chamber; then enters the gradually expanding rotational flow foam generating cylinder body, and fully foams through the speed reduction pressurization and the gradually expanding rotational flow element. The gradually expanding rotational flow bubble generating cylinder part utilizes rotational flow to enhance gas-liquid turbulent fluctuation to generate bubbles, so that foam loss caused by overlarge resistance is reduced, finally generated foam enters a foam spray gun through a foam conveying pipeline, and the foam is sprayed out to extinguish fire or cover. By means of the physical and chemical double fire extinguishing device, the nitrogen suffocation fire extinguishing function and the BTP chemical fire extinguishing function are realized, high-power foaming is realized, the foam covers the surface of burning fuel quickly, and the conveying of combustible steam to a burning area is prevented.
Claims (9)
1. A clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device is characterized in that: the device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank, a reservoir, a plunger pump, a normal-pressure foaming agent storage tank, a gas-liquid mixing acceleration cylinder, a spiral nozzle, a clean gas inlet, a gradually-expanding rotational flow foam production cylinder and a foam spray gun;
the gas-liquid mixing acceleration cylinder comprises a gas compression chamber, an annular nozzle group, a mixed liquid acceleration chamber and a gas-liquid mixing chamber, wherein the gas compression chamber is an annular cavity, and the side wall of the gas compression chamber is provided with a gas inlet; the annular nozzle group comprises a plurality of jet nozzles which are uniformly arranged on the inner peripheral wall of the air compression chamber, and the inlet ends of the nozzles are communicated with the air compression chamber; the mixed liquid accelerating chamber is a tapered cavity, the gas-liquid mixing chamber is a cylindrical cavity, and the side wall of the gas-liquid mixing chamber is provided with a clean gas inlet;
the divergent cyclone bubble producing cylinder comprises a conical cavity and a divergent cyclone element arranged in the conical cavity, and gas-liquid two-phase flow generates bubbles through speed reduction and pressurization at the position; the gradually-expanding vortex element comprises a rotating shaft and a spiral blade arranged on the rotating shaft, a plurality of small holes are uniformly formed in the spiral blade, and the diameter of the blade is gradually widened when the spiral blade is arranged;
the liquid nitrogen storage tank passes through the liquid nitrogen supply pipe and links to each other with the spiral nozzle, and the spiral nozzle passes the plenum chamber and stretches into mixed liquid acceleration chamber, is equipped with the inlet on the lateral wall of plenum chamber, and the cistern passes through the pressurized-water supply pipe and the inlet switch-on, and is equipped with plunger pump and negative pressure efflux imbibition pump on this pressurized-water supply pipe, be equipped with the inlet on the negative pressure imbibition efflux pump and connect the foamer save set, expand the toper cavity front end of whirl bubble production barrel and the terminal intercommunication of gas-liquid mixture chamber of gas-liquid mixture acceleration barrel, be equipped with the cover that converges on the whirl bubble production barrel end that gradually expands, the pivot end-to-end connection of gradually-expanding whirl component has the pivot frame, and in the pivot frame is fixed in the cover that converges through the support, the cover that converges passes through foam pipeline and links to each other with the foam spray gun.
2. The clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: and the liquid nitrogen supply pipe is provided with an adjusting valve.
3. The clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: and the inner peripheral wall of the mixed liquid accelerating chamber is provided with a pressure sensor and a T-shaped thermocouple.
4. The clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the clean gas inlet is connected with a clean gas bottle.
5. The clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: and a one-way valve is arranged on the foaming agent supply pipe.
6. The clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the nozzles of the annular nozzle group are all obliquely arranged towards the central axis of the mixed liquid accelerating chamber, and the included angle between the spraying direction of the nozzles and the central axis is 10-30 degrees.
7. A fire extinguishing method based on the device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the foam mixed liquid obtained after mixing water and the foaming agent is conveyed into a gas compression chamber, liquid nitrogen gasification is adopted as a foam gas phase, gasification is generated in a mixed liquid acceleration chamber, liquefied nitrogen generated after the liquid nitrogen gasification is primarily mixed with the foam mixed liquid sprayed by the gas compression chamber, and then clean gas is added to mix to generate foam and spray the foam to extinguish fire.
8. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 7, wherein: the method comprises the steps of conveying water in a water storage tank and a foaming agent in a normal-pressure foaming agent storage tank into a pressure air chamber, spraying the water into a mixed liquid acceleration chamber through an annular nozzle group, initially mixing the water with liquid nitrogen sprayed by a spiral nozzle to form compressed gas foam mixed liquid, then enabling the compressed air foam mixed liquid to enter a gas-liquid mixing chamber to be mixed with clean gas to generate foam, enabling the foam mixed liquid to enter a divergent cyclone foam generating cylinder body under the action of the gas pressure of the clean gas to enhance gas-liquid turbulence through cyclone so as to fully foam, and finally spraying the foam mixed with nitrogen and the clean gas out of a foam spray gun through a foam conveying pipeline to extinguish fire.
9. The fire extinguishing method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein: the cleaning gas is BTP.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110459239.5A CN113509662A (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110459239.5A CN113509662A (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing method thereof |
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| CN202110459239.5A Pending CN113509662A (en) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Clean gas fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing device and fire extinguishing method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115581876A (en) * | 2022-09-05 | 2023-01-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Gas-liquid coaxial jet type foam generating device |
| CN115738138A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-03-07 | 应急管理部四川消防研究所 | Smoke-eliminating foam generating and spraying integrated device |
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