CN113506900B - Hydrogen gas exhaust control method for vehicle fuel cell system - Google Patents
Hydrogen gas exhaust control method for vehicle fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113506900B CN113506900B CN202110680195.9A CN202110680195A CN113506900B CN 113506900 B CN113506900 B CN 113506900B CN 202110680195 A CN202110680195 A CN 202110680195A CN 113506900 B CN113506900 B CN 113506900B
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- hydrogen
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- cell system
- injector
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04791—Concentration; Density
- H01M8/04798—Concentration; Density of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrogen gas exhaust control method for a vehicle fuel cell system, which is used for controlling a hydrogen gas exhaust device and comprises the following steps: when the concentration of the circulating hydrogen of the fuel cell system is smaller than a first threshold value, the controller sets the opening frequency and the opening duty ratio of the exhaust valve according to the actual concentration of the circulating hydrogen of the fuel cell system so as to discharge impurity gas in the fuel cell system; and when the circulating hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system is greater than the standard threshold value, the controller controls the exhaust valve to close. The hydrogen exhaust control method can control the opening frequency and time of the exhaust valve in a closed-loop manner according to the concentration of the circulating hydrogen, discharge impurity gases in the system in time, and simultaneously avoid the increase of hydrogen consumption caused by excessive exhaust.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a hydrogen gas exhaust control method for a vehicle fuel cell system.
Background
The current vehicle fuel cell system adopts a hydrogen circulating fuel supply system in order to reduce hydrogen consumption and improve fuel economy of the whole vehicle. However, the hydrogen system with sealed circulation inevitably causes the accumulation of non-hydrogen impurities in the system along with the increase of the operation time of the fuel cell, and if the impurity gas is not discharged in time, the performance of the fuel cell system is seriously influenced.
In the prior art, a method of opening a hydrogen discharge valve at a fixed frequency is mostly adopted for discharging impurities in a system. However, this is an open-loop control scheme, and if the hydrogen discharge frequency is too high and the hydrogen discharge time is too long, the hydrogen discharge will be too much, the hydrogen consumption will be increased, the system economy will be reduced, and at the same time, too high hydrogen discharge concentration will also bring about the hydrogen safety problem. If the hydrogen discharge frequency is too low and the hydrogen discharge time is too short, impurities in the system can accumulate, and the efficiency of the fuel cell is reduced.
In addition, frequent opening and closing of the hydrogen discharge valve easily causes pressure fluctuation of hydrogen in the system, which is not favorable for stable operation of the fuel cell.
The prior art venting of hydrogen has the following drawbacks:
1. the existing hydrogen gas exhaust open-loop control scheme can not accurately control the frequency and the time of hydrogen exhaust, so that hydrogen gas waste or impurity gas accumulation in a system is caused.
2. The hydrogen discharge valve is frequently opened, so that the pressure fluctuation of hydrogen in the system is easily caused, and the stability of the fuel cell is influenced.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen exhaust control method for a vehicle fuel cell system, which can control the opening frequency and time of an exhaust valve in a closed loop mode according to the concentration of circulating hydrogen, timely exhaust impurity gases in the system and simultaneously avoid the increase of hydrogen consumption caused by excessive exhaust.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hydrogen gas exhaust apparatus for a vehicle fuel cell system, including a hydrogen injector, a stack, an exhaust valve, a circulation pump, and a hydrogen concentration sensor. The electric pile is arranged at the downstream of the hydrogen injector; the exhaust valve is arranged at the downstream of the electric pile; the air inlet end of the circulating pump is communicated with a pipeline between the galvanic pile and the exhaust valve, and the air outlet end of the circulating pump is communicated with the hydrogen injector; the hydrogen pressure sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the hydrogen injector and the galvanic pile; the hydrogen concentration sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the circulating pump and the electric pile.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen gas exhaust apparatus for a vehicle fuel cell system further includes a controller that is in data connection with the hydrogen injector, the hydrogen pressure sensor, the stack, the exhaust valve, the circulation pump, and the hydrogen concentration sensor at the same time.
In a preferred embodiment, the controller is used for monitoring the working conditions of the hydrogen injector and the galvanic pile and controlling the hydrogen injector, the galvanic pile, the exhaust valve and the circulating pump through data fed back by the hydrogen pressure sensor and the hydrogen concentration sensor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a hydrogen gas exhaust control method for a fuel cell system for a vehicle, which is used for control of a hydrogen gas exhaust apparatus as described above, the hydrogen gas exhaust control method comprising: when the concentration of the circulating hydrogen of the fuel cell system is smaller than a first threshold value, the controller sets the opening frequency and the opening duty ratio of the exhaust valve according to the actual concentration of the circulating hydrogen of the fuel cell system so as to discharge impurity gas in the fuel cell system; and when the circulating hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system is greater than the standard threshold value, the controller controls the exhaust valve to close.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen gas exhaust gas control method further includes: when the circulating hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system is greater than a first threshold value, the controller controls the exhaust valve to close; and when the circulating hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system is smaller than the standard threshold, the controller continuously sets the opening frequency and the opening duty ratio of the exhaust valve according to the actual circulating hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system so as to continuously discharge the impurity gas in the fuel cell system.
In a preferred embodiment, the opening frequency and the opening duty ratio of the purge valve are inversely proportional to the circulating hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system.
In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen gas exhaust control method further includes a hydrogen pressure compensation function, the controller sets an operation base duty ratio of the injector according to a demand pressure of the fuel cell system, and the hydrogen pressure compensation function is triggered when the exhaust valve is opened and a rate of decrease in the hydrogen pressure is greater than a second threshold, the hydrogen pressure compensation function including: the controller looks up the compensation coefficient MAP based on the hydrogen pressure drop rate and recalculates the duty cycle of the injector to maintain the hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell system within the required pressure.
In a preferred embodiment, the calculation of the operating duty cycle of the injector applies the following formula:
the operating duty cycle of the injector = operating base duty cycle of the injector x compensation factor.
In a preferred embodiment, the rate of hydrogen pressure drop is directly proportional to a compensation factor, the compensation factor being greater than 1.
In a preferred embodiment, when the exhaust valve is closed or the difference between the hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell system and the required pressure is less than a third threshold, the hydrogen pressure compensation function is closed, and the controller controls the injector to return to the operation base duty of the injector.
Compared with the prior art, the hydrogen exhaust control method for the vehicle fuel cell system has the following beneficial effects: firstly, the opening frequency and time of the exhaust valve can be controlled in a closed loop mode according to the concentration of circulating hydrogen, impurity gas in a system can be discharged in time, and meanwhile, the increase of hydrogen consumption caused by excessive exhaust is avoided. In addition, in the hydrogen exhaust stage, the system automatically compensates the hydrogen pressure, so that the hydrogen pressure in the system is stable, and the stable operation of the fuel cell is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structural arrangement of a hydrogen gas exhaust device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a hydrogen gas exhaust control method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a hydrogen pressure compensation function according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the main reference numerals:
1-controller, 2-hydrogen injector, 3-hydrogen pressure sensor, 4-galvanic pile, 5-exhaust valve, 6-circulating pump, 7-hydrogen concentration sensor.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
As shown in fig. 1, a hydrogen gas exhaust apparatus for a vehicle fuel cell system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes a hydrogen injector 2, a stack 4, an exhaust valve 5, a circulation pump 6, and a hydrogen concentration sensor 7. The stack 4 is disposed downstream of the hydrogen injector 2. The exhaust valve 5 is disposed downstream of the stack 4. The air inlet end of the circulating pump 6 is communicated with a pipeline between the galvanic pile 4 and the exhaust valve 5, and the air outlet end of the circulating pump 6 is communicated with the hydrogen injector 2. The hydrogen pressure sensor 3 is provided on a pipe between the hydrogen injector 2 and the stack 4. A hydrogen concentration sensor 7 is provided on the line between the circulation pump 6 and the stack 4.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen exhaust apparatus for a vehicle fuel cell system further includes a controller 1, and the controller 1 is in data connection with the hydrogen injector 2, the hydrogen pressure sensor 3, the stack 4, the exhaust valve 5, the circulation pump 6, and the hydrogen concentration sensor 7 at the same time. The controller 1 is used for monitoring the working conditions of the hydrogen injector 2 and the galvanic pile 4 and controlling the hydrogen injector 2, the discharge valve 5 of the galvanic pile 4 and the circulating pump 6 through data fed back by the hydrogen pressure sensor 3 and the hydrogen concentration sensor 7.
As shown in fig. 2, a hydrogen gas exhaust control method for a fuel cell system for a vehicle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention: in the initial state of the fuel cell system, the exhaust valve 5 is closed, and hydrogen gas enters the stack 4 from the hydrogen injector 2 to react. The residual hydrogen is re-introduced into the electric pile 4 for reaction through the circulating pump 6. Along with the continuous reaction, the impurity gas in the hydrogen cavity in the galvanic pile 4 is gradually accumulated, so that the hydrogen concentration is reduced. When the hydrogen concentration sensor 7 monitors that the concentration of the circulating hydrogen in the fuel cell system is less than a first threshold value, the controller 1 controls the exhaust valve 5 to be opened to discharge impurity gases. The frequency Frq and the duty ratio Ducyc at which the exhaust valve 5 is opened are inversely proportional to the hydrogen concentration, i.e., the lower the hydrogen concentration is, the greater the frequency Frq and the duty ratio Ducyc at which the exhaust valve 5 is opened are.
When the hydrogen concentration sensor 7 monitors that the concentration of the hydrogen circulating in the fuel cell system is greater than the standard threshold (the relationship between the standard threshold and the first threshold is that the first threshold is less than the standard threshold, the first threshold of the embodiment is about 90%, and the standard threshold is about 95%), the controller 1 judges that the discharge of the impurity gas is completed, and the controller 1 controls the exhaust valve 5 to be closed.
In the above-described hydrogen gas exhaust control process, since the pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell system in the stack 5 is decreased due to the opening of the exhaust valve 5, it is necessary to add the hydrogen pressure compensation control in the process.
As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, the hydrogen gas exhaust control method further includes a hydrogen pressure compensation function: when the fuel cell system is in operation, the controller 1 sets the operation basic duty ratio of the hydrogen injector 2 according to the hydrogen demand pressure of the fuel cell system, so that the hydrogen pressure in the stack 4 is maintained within the demand pressure. When the venting valve 5 is opened and the rate of decrease of the hydrogen pressure monitored by the hydrogen pressure sensor 3 is > a second threshold value (which in the present example is about 100 mbar/s), the hydrogen pressure compensation function is triggered.
The hydrogen pressure compensation process is described as follows: the compensation coefficient MAP (which is a data table summarized by experimental data) can be queried according to the hydrogen pressure drop rate, and the working duty ratio of the new injector = the working basic duty ratio x compensation coefficient of the injector is calculated; the pressure drop rate and the compensation coefficient are in a direct proportion relation, namely the larger the pressure drop rate is, the larger the compensation coefficient is, and the compensation coefficient is a value larger than 1.
When the exhaust valve 5 is closed or the difference between the hydrogen pressure monitored by the hydrogen pressure sensor 3 and the required pressure is smaller than a third threshold value, the hydrogen pressure compensation process is judged to be finished, and the controller 1 restores the working duty ratio of the hydrogen injector 2 to the working basic duty ratio.
In summary, the hydrogen gas exhaust control method for a fuel cell system for a vehicle of the present invention has the following advantages: firstly, the opening frequency and the opening time of the exhaust valve can be controlled in a closed-loop manner according to the concentration of the circulating hydrogen, so that the impurity gas in the system can be discharged in time, and meanwhile, the increase of hydrogen consumption caused by excessive exhaust is avoided. In addition, in the hydrogen exhaust stage, the system automatically compensates the hydrogen pressure, so that the hydrogen pressure in the system is stable, and the stable operation of the fuel cell is ensured.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A hydrogen gas exhaust control method for a fuel cell system for a vehicle, which is controlled by a hydrogen gas exhaust device, characterized in that the hydrogen gas exhaust device comprises:
a hydrogen gas injector;
a stack disposed downstream of the hydrogen injector;
a discharge valve disposed downstream of the stack;
the air inlet end of the circulating pump is communicated with a pipeline between the galvanic pile and the exhaust valve, and the air outlet end of the circulating pump is communicated with the hydrogen injector;
a hydrogen pressure sensor provided on a pipe between the hydrogen injector and the stack;
a hydrogen concentration sensor disposed on a pipe between the circulation pump and the stack; and
a controller simultaneously in data connection with the hydrogen injector, the hydrogen pressure sensor, the stack, the vent valve, the circulation pump, and the hydrogen concentration sensor; the hydrogen gas exhaust gas control method includes:
when the concentration of the circulating hydrogen of the fuel cell system is smaller than a first threshold value, the controller sets the opening frequency and the opening duty ratio of the exhaust valve according to the actual concentration of the circulating hydrogen of the fuel cell system so as to discharge impurity gases in the fuel cell system, wherein the first threshold value is 90%;
when the circulating hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system is greater than a standard threshold value, the controller controls the exhaust valve to close, wherein the standard threshold value is 95%;
when the concentration of the circulating hydrogen of the fuel cell system is greater than a first threshold and less than a standard threshold, the controller continuously sets the opening frequency and the opening duty ratio of the exhaust valve according to the actual concentration of the circulating hydrogen of the fuel cell system so as to continuously discharge the impurity gas in the fuel cell system; and
a hydrogen pressure compensation function that the controller sets an operation base duty ratio of the injector according to a demand pressure of the fuel cell system, the hydrogen pressure compensation function being triggered when the purge valve is open and a hydrogen pressure decrease rate is greater than a second threshold value, the hydrogen pressure compensation function including: the controller searches for a compensation coefficient MAP according to the hydrogen pressure drop rate and recalculates an operating duty cycle of an ejector for maintaining the hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell system within the demand pressure, the second threshold being 100 mbar/sec;
wherein when the exhaust valve is closed or a difference between the hydrogen pressure of the fuel cell system and the required pressure is less than a third threshold, the hydrogen pressure compensation function is closed, and the controller controls the injector to return to the operation base duty of the injector.
2. The hydrogen degassing control method for a vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to monitor operating conditions of the hydrogen injector and the stack, and to control the hydrogen injector, the stack, the degassing valve, and the circulation pump by data fed back from the hydrogen pressure sensor and the hydrogen concentration sensor.
3. The hydrogen purging control method for a fuel cell system for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein an opening frequency and an opening duty of the purge valve are in inverse proportion to a circulating hydrogen concentration of the fuel cell system.
4. The hydrogen gas exhaust control method for a vehicle fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation of the operation duty ratio of the injector applies the following equation:
the operating duty cycle of the injector = operating base duty cycle of the injector x compensation factor.
5. The hydrogen purging control method for a fuel cell system for a vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen pressure decrease rate is in a proportional relationship with the compensation coefficient, and the compensation coefficient is larger than 1.
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CN115020767A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-09-06 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system control method, fuel cell system and computer |
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CN111795838A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-20 | 深圳国氢新能源科技有限公司 | Test system of fuel cell hydrogen injector |
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JP4254213B2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2009-04-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
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CN105742671B (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2018-11-30 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Anode of fuel cell interval row's hydrogen system and its control method |
CN109950583B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2021-12-10 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and control method of hydrogen injection valve for fuel cell system |
CN111129545B (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2020-12-22 | 绍兴市上虞区理工高等研究院 | Vehicle fuel cell hydrogen supply circulation system and control method |
CN111244506B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-09-11 | 擎能动力科技(苏州)有限公司 | New energy automobile fuel cell system, working method, hydrogen gas inlet flow calculation method and efficiency evaluation method |
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CN101496209A (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-07-29 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
CN111795838A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-10-20 | 深圳国氢新能源科技有限公司 | Test system of fuel cell hydrogen injector |
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Application publication date: 20211015 Assignee: Beijing Yuchai Xingshunda New Energy Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Guangxi Yuchai Machinery Co.,Ltd. Contract record no.: X2024980002842 Denomination of invention: Hydrogen exhaust control method for automotive fuel cell systems Granted publication date: 20221004 License type: Common License Record date: 20240315 |
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