CN113502485A - System and method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in thermal power plant - Google Patents
System and method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in thermal power plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN113502485A CN113502485A CN202110786355.8A CN202110786355A CN113502485A CN 113502485 A CN113502485 A CN 113502485A CN 202110786355 A CN202110786355 A CN 202110786355A CN 113502485 A CN113502485 A CN 113502485A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D1/00—Oxides or hydroxides of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
- C01D1/04—Hydroxides
- C01D1/42—Concentration; Dehydration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/042—Prevention of deposits
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
- C02F5/02—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The invention provides a system for electrolyzing seawater to produce hydrogen in a thermal power plant, which comprises: a thermal power generating unit; the seawater purification assembly is connected with the thermal power generating unit, and the thermal power generating unit is used for supplying at least one part of flue gas generated by power generation to the seawater purification assemblyAn assembly to purify raw seawater using carbon dioxide in the flue gas; the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly is connected with the seawater purification assembly and is used for receiving purified seawater from the seawater purification assembly and concentrating the purified seawater; and the electrolytic cell is connected with the thermal power generating unit and the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly and is used for receiving the concentrated seawater from the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly and electrolyzing the concentrated seawater. After the flue gas generated by the thermal power generating unit is subjected to desulfurization and primary carbon reduction purification treatment, CO in the obtained purified flue gas2Can react with calcium and magnesium ions in seawater for precipitation, and removes the calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic hydrogen production, in particular to a system and a method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant.
Background
The hydrogen energy is used as a green energy source, can be used in the fields of power generation, heating, traffic fuel and the like, and has the advantages of zero pollution, high heat value, storability, sufficient reserve, wide application and the like. The vigorous development of hydrogen energy will help many industries achieve the goal of zero carbon emissions.
In the past decades, the technology for preparing hydrogen energy has been the focus of research in all countries, and has achieved remarkable results, and the most mainstream hydrogen production methods at present include methane steam reforming, methane autothermal reforming, hydrogen production by electrolysis of water, extraction of industrial byproducts or industrial waste residues, and the like. Meanwhile, various new technologies are widely applied to the hydrogen production industry, so that the hydrogen production efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the carbon emission is reduced, such as a process strengthening technology, a carbon capture and storage technology and the like.
The conventional hydrogen production process by electrolysis directly aims at the electrolysis of pure water. However, the resources of fresh water and pure water in the whole environment of the earth are very limited, the most abundant water resource is seawater resource, and if the hydrogen production process can be realized by directly electrolyzing seawater, the application prospect of hydrogen energy can be greatly widened.
On the other hand, the current peak regulation and frequency modulation of the thermal power plant mainly comprises the steps of load peak regulation and frequency modulation by coordinated control of a unit and external peak regulation and frequency modulation measures such as an external electric boiler, an external energy storage battery and the like. The peak regulation and frequency modulation of the coordinated lifting load of the unit have the problems of high operation requirement on unit operators, reduction of service life of a boiler and a steam turbine of the unit due to frequent lifting load and the like. The external energy storage battery has the problems of high investment, limited charging and discharging times of the battery, easy fire hazard of the battery and the like; the peak-shaving frequency modulation of the externally-hung electric boiler has the problems that the generated steam or hot water needs users, and the externally-hung electric boiler is not suitable for non-heating areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant, wherein flue gas generated by the thermal power plant is subjected to desulfurization and primary carbon reduction purification treatment to obtain CO in purified flue gas2Can react with calcium and magnesium ions in seawater for precipitation, removes the calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater, further effectively prevents a large amount of calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater electrolysis process, can cause the situation that an ionic membrane or a diaphragm is blocked and damaged by direct electrolysis, and simultaneously passes through the calcium and magnesium ions in the seawater and CO in clean flue gas2Reaction is carried out to realize the CO in the purified flue gas2The capture of (2) reduces CO in the clean flue gas2The carbon emission is reduced, the surplus peak-shaving electric quantity of the thermal power generating unit is utilized to supply power to the electrolytic cell, the pressure of the thermal power generating unit is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the purpose of producing hydrogen by the electrolytic cell with the lowest electricity utilization cost is realized, and caustic soda and chlorine can be generated while producing hydrogen.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a system for electrolyzing seawater to prepare hydrogen in a thermal power plant, which comprises:
a thermal power generating unit; the seawater purification assembly is connected with the thermal power generating unit, and the thermal power generating unit is used for supplying at least one part of flue gas generated by power generation to the seawater purification assembly so as to purify raw seawater by using carbon dioxide in the flue gas; the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly is connected with the seawater purification assembly and is used for receiving purified seawater from the seawater purification assembly and concentrating the purified seawater; and the electrolytic cell is connected with the thermal power generating unit and the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly and is used for receiving the concentrated seawater from the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly and electrolyzing the concentrated seawater to obtain hydrogen, chlorine and a sodium hydroxide solution so as to prepare caustic soda by using the sodium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, the system further comprises a flue gas treatment assembly, wherein the flue gas treatment assembly is respectively connected with the thermal power generating unit and the seawater purification assembly, and is used for purifying flue gas generated by power generation of the thermal power generating unit so as to supply at least part of the purified flue gas to the seawater purification assembly.
Preferably, the power of the electrolytic cell is adjustable to be used for peak load and frequency regulation of the thermal power generating unit.
Preferably, the seawater purification assembly comprises: the seawater and flue gas mixing device is connected with the flue gas treatment component so as to produce calcium and magnesium precipitates through the reaction of carbon dioxide of at least one part of purified flue gas and calcium and magnesium ions in raw material seawater; the seawater sedimentation tank is used for settling the raw material seawater of the calcium-magnesium sediment generated by the reaction; and the seawater filtering device is used for filtering the precipitated raw material seawater to obtain purified seawater.
Preferably, the seawater and flue gas mixing device is a seawater aeration reactor or a seawater spray tower, and the seawater aeration reactor and the seawater spray tower are used for realizing sufficient mixing reaction of the raw seawater and at least a part of flue gas of the purification treatment.
Preferably, the calcium-magnesium precipitate is produced by the reaction of the carbon dioxide in the purified flue gas and calcium-magnesium ions in the raw seawater; and a seawater filtering device for filtering the seawater generating the calcium-magnesium precipitate to obtain purified seawater.
Preferably, the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration assembly is connected with the electrolytic cell and used for receiving the sodium hydroxide solution from the electrolytic cell and concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain caustic soda.
Preferably, the seawater desalination device further comprises a water recovery assembly, wherein the water recovery assembly is connected with the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration assembly and the seawater evaporation concentration assembly and is used for condensing and recovering water vapor generated in the seawater evaporation concentration and sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration processes.
Preferably, the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly is connected with a steam turbine of the thermal power generating unit, so that the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly utilizes extracted steam of the steam turbine as a heat source.
Preferably, the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation and concentration assembly is connected with a steam turbine of the thermal power generating unit, so that the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation and concentration assembly utilizes extracted steam of the steam turbine as a heat source.
Preferably, the hydrogen storage tank is connected with the electrolytic cell and used for storing hydrogen generated by electrolysis of the electrolytic cell.
Preferably, the chlorine gas storage tank is connected with the electrolytic cell and used for storing chlorine gas generated by electrolysis of the electrolytic cell.
A method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant comprises the following steps: introducing purified flue gas obtained by purifying flue gas generated by a thermal power generating unit of a power plant into raw seawater to purify the raw seawater; evaporating and concentrating the purified seawater; and electrolyzing the evaporated and concentrated seawater by using the electric power of a thermal power generating unit to obtain hydrogen, chlorine and a sodium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, the method further comprises adjusting the power of an electrolytic cell for electrolyzing the seawater so as to be used for peak load and frequency regulation of the thermal power generating unit.
Preferably, purifying the raw seawater comprises: producing calcium-magnesium precipitates by reacting carbon dioxide in the purified flue gas with calcium-magnesium ions in raw material seawater; precipitating the seawater which generates calcium and magnesium precipitates; filtering the precipitated seawater to obtain purified seawater.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: evaporating and concentrating the purified seawater and/or concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution by using steam extraction of a steam turbine of the thermal power generating unit; condensing and recovering water vapor generated in the evaporation concentration process of the purified seawater and/or the concentration process of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, the method further comprises concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain caustic soda.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electrolytic cell consuming the peak-shaving frequency-modulation surplus power of the thermal power generating unit according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a seawater purification assembly according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the evaporative concentration of seawater according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the evaporative concentration of seawater and the evaporative concentration of sodium hydroxide solution according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a process for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for electrolyzing seawater to produce hydrogen in a thermal power plant.
In the figure: 100. a system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant; 1. a thermal power generating unit; 101. a steam turbine; 2. a seawater purification assembly; 210. a seawater and flue gas mixing device; 202. a seawater sedimentation tank; 203. a seawater filtration device; 3. a seawater evaporation and concentration component; 4. an electrolytic cell; 5. a flue gas treatment component; 6. the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration component; 7. a water recovery assembly; 8. a hydrogen storage tank; 9. chlorine gas storage jar.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. On the contrary, the embodiments of the invention include all changes, modifications and equivalents coming within the spirit and terms of the claims appended hereto.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system 100 for electrolyzing seawater to produce hydrogen in a thermal power plant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
A system 100 for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant comprises a thermal power unit 1, a seawater purification component 2, a seawater evaporation and concentration component 3 and an electrolytic cell 4;
the seawater purification assembly 2 is connected with the thermal power generating unit 1, and the thermal power generating unit 1 is used for supplying at least one part of flue gas generated by power generation to the seawater purification assembly 2 so as to purify raw seawater by using carbon dioxide in the flue gas.
It can be understood that a large amount of flue gas is generated in the power generation process of the thermal power generating unit 1, the flue gas contains carbon dioxide gas, the raw seawater in the seawater purification component 2 contains a large amount of calcium and magnesium ions, and after the flue gas generated in the thermal power generating unit 1 is introduced into the raw seawater, CO in the flue gas2Can react with calcium and magnesium ions in raw material seawater to precipitate the calcium and magnesium ions.
The seawater evaporation and concentration component 3 is connected with the seawater purification component 2 and is used for receiving the purified seawater from the seawater purification component 2 and concentrating the purified seawater.
It can be understood that, after the seawater is purified by the seawater purification assembly 2, impurities and precipitates in the seawater are removed, and at this time, after the seawater is evaporated and concentrated by the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly 3, the concentration of sodium chloride in the seawater can be increased, so that the concentrated seawater has higher concentration of sodium chloride, and can reach the concentration standard of electrolyzing sodium chloride by the electrolytic cell 4, wherein the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly 3 is an evaporation and concentration device, and the evaporation and concentration device is a device in the prior art.
The electrolytic cell 4 is connected with the thermal power generating unit 1 and the seawater evaporation concentration component 3, and is used for receiving the concentrated seawater from the seawater evaporation concentration component 3 and electrolyzing the concentrated seawater to obtain hydrogen, chlorine and a sodium hydroxide solution, so as to prepare caustic soda by using the sodium hydroxide solution.
It can be understood that, sea water evaporation concentration subassembly 3 passes through the pipeline and is connected to electrolysis trough 4, and the sea water after sea water evaporation concentration subassembly 3 is concentrated passes through the pipeline and lets in electrolysis trough 4, contains the sodium chloride of high concentration in the sea water after sea water evaporation concentration subassembly 3 is concentrated, also is equivalent to electrolyze the sodium chloride solution through electrolysis trough 4, generates sodium hydroxide solution, can directly be used for preparing caustic soda, and the electric energy that generates through the electricity generation of thermal power unit 1 in electrolysis trough 4 electrolytic process simultaneously supplies power for electrolysis trough 4.
Referring to fig. 2, in one embodiment of the invention, the power of the electrolytic cell 4 is adjustable for peak shaving of the thermal power generating unit 1.
Specifically, the peak-shaving frequency-modulation surplus power of the thermal power generating unit 1 is changed, the power in the electrolysis process of the electrolytic cell 4 is adjustable, the peak-shaving frequency-modulation surplus power of the thermal power generating unit 1 is consumed by adjusting the power in the electrolysis process of the electrolytic cell 4, an external electric boiler or an external energy storage battery is not needed to consume redundant power generation load, and hydrogen and chlorine can be prepared.
Referring to fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, a flue gas treatment assembly 5 is further included, and the flue gas treatment assembly 5 is connected to the thermal power generating unit 1 and the seawater purification assembly 2, and is configured to perform purification treatment on flue gas generated by power generation of the thermal power generating unit 1, so as to supply at least a part of the flue gas subjected to the purification treatment to the seawater purification assembly 2.
That is to say, after the flue gas generated by the thermal power generating unit 1 is introduced into the flue gas treatment component 5 for treatment, the flue gas part treated by the flue gas treatment component 5 is introduced into the seawater purification component 2 through a pipeline; because the flue gas that produces among the power generation process of thermal power generating unit 1 contains a large amount of smoke and dust and sulphide, directly let in raw materials sea water and not only cause the pollution of raw materials sea water, and the letting in of smoke and dust makes raw materials sea aquatic impurity increase, should follow-up electrolysis process, through setting up flue gas treatment component 5, can realize desulfurization and elementary carbon reduction effect, the clean flue gas that obtains reaches emission standard, this flue gas treatment component 5 is prior art, the flue gas that will produce usually among the thermal power generation process can reach emission standard after flue gas treatment component 5 handles, discharge through the chimney.
Referring to fig. 4, in one embodiment of the present invention, the seawater cleaning module 2 comprises a seawater flue gas mixing device 201, a seawater sedimentation tank 202 and a seawater filtering device 203, wherein the seawater flue gas mixing device 201 is connected with the flue gas treatment module 5 to produce calcium magnesium precipitate by reacting carbon dioxide in the cleaned flue gas with calcium magnesium ions in the raw seawater; a seawater sedimentation tank 201 for sedimentating the raw seawater which reacts to generate calcium and magnesium precipitates, and a seawater filtering device 203 for filtering the seawater which generates calcium and magnesium precipitates to obtain purified seawater.
In this embodiment, the seawater-flue gas mixing device 201 is a seawater aeration reactor or a seawater spray tower, the seawater aeration reactor or the seawater spray tower which utilizes the aeration reaction of flue gas in seawater realizes the full mixing reaction of seawater and flue gas, the seawater aeration reactor, the seawater spray tower, the seawater sedimentation tank 202 and the seawater filtering device 203 are prior art devices, the flue gas treatment component 5 introduces a part of the treated flue gas into the raw seawater of the seawater-flue gas mixing device 201, the flue gas reacts with calcium and magnesium ions in the raw seawater of the seawater-flue gas mixing device 201 to generate calcium and magnesium precipitates, the raw seawater which generates the calcium and magnesium precipitates is introduced into the seawater sedimentation tank 202 to be precipitated in the seawater sedimentation tank 202, the water outlet of the seawater sedimentation tank 202 is connected with the water inlet of the seawater filtering device 203 through a pipeline, and a pump is arranged on the pipeline to pump the seawater which is precipitated in the seawater sedimentation tank 202 into the seawater filtering device 203 to be filtered, obtaining purified seawater, connecting the seawater filtering device 203 with the seawater evaporation concentration component 3, and introducing the purified seawater into the seawater evaporation concentration component 3 for evaporation concentration.
Referring to fig. 5, in one embodiment of the present invention, a sodium hydroxide solution evaporation and concentration assembly 6 is further included, and the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation and concentration assembly 6 is connected to the electrolytic cell 4 and is used for receiving the sodium hydroxide solution from the electrolytic cell 4 and concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution to prepare caustic soda.
Specifically, the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration component 6 is an evaporation concentration device, and the evaporation concentration device is a device in the prior art and is not described in detail herein; because the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution generated in the electrolytic process of the electrolytic cell 4 is low, the solid caustic soda can be conveniently prepared only by concentrating, the sodium hydroxide solution with low concentration is concentrated by the evaporation concentration device to obtain the sodium hydroxide solution with high concentration, and then series of treatments such as evaporation concentration, drying and the like can be carried out to produce the caustic soda product.
Referring to fig. 6, in an embodiment of the present invention, a water recovery assembly 7 is further included, and the water recovery assembly 7 is connected to the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration assembly 6 and the seawater evaporation concentration assembly 3, and is used for condensing and recovering water vapor generated in the seawater evaporation concentration and sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration processes.
It can be understood that, because seawater evaporative concentration subassembly 3 and sodium hydroxide solution evaporative concentration subassembly 6 can produce steam at the evaporative concentration in-process, the direct discharge of steam of production leads to the fact the waste, carry out the condensation through water recovery subassembly 7 to the steam of production and become the pure water this moment, the cleanliness factor of final pure water divide into drinkable pure water, can regard as the pure water of thermal power plant industry moisturizing, water conservation performance has been realized, wherein water recovery subassembly 7 is condensate water recovery unit, for prior art equipment, the detail is no longer repeated here.
Referring to fig. 7, in one embodiment of the present invention, the seawater evaporative concentration assembly 3 is connected to a steam turbine 101 of the thermal power generating unit 1, so that the seawater evaporative concentration assembly 3 uses extracted steam of the steam turbine 101 as a heat source.
That is to say, the steam exhausted by the steam turbine 101 of the thermal power generating unit 1 can provide heat for the seawater evaporation concentration component 3, so that the seawater evaporation concentration component 3 can directly perform evaporation concentration conveniently, and heat does not need to be provided for the evaporation concentration of the seawater evaporation concentration component 3 additionally.
Referring to fig. 8, in one embodiment of the present invention, the sodium hydroxide solution evaporative concentration assembly 6 is connected to a steam turbine 101 of the thermal power generating unit 1, so that the sodium hydroxide solution evaporative concentration assembly 6 uses extraction steam of the steam turbine 101 as a heat source.
Specifically, the steam that the steam turbine 101 of thermal power generating unit 1 discharged can the sodium hydroxide solution evaporative concentration subassembly 6 provide the heat, in detail, the heat source supply pipeline of two evaporative concentration devices (namely sea water evaporative concentration subassembly 3 and sodium hydroxide solution evaporative concentration subassembly 6) is connected with the steam turbine 101 steam discharge pipeline in thermal power generating unit 1, the high-temperature steam that steam turbine 101 steam discharge pipeline discharged passes through the steam discharge pipeline and carries to the heat source supply pipeline of evaporative concentration device, the energy rational utilization of the high-temperature steam that has generated in thermal power generating unit 1 has been realized, energy loss is reduced, need not to provide the heat source for the evaporative concentration device in addition, and the cost is reduced.
Referring to fig. 9, in one embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen storage tank 8 is further included, and the hydrogen storage tank 8 is connected to the electrolytic cell 4 for storing hydrogen electrolytically generated by the electrolytic cell 4. The hydrogen generated by the electrolytic cell 4 can be stored by the hydrogen storage tank 8 and then sold to the outside directly, and can also be directly used as the raw material of the thermal power generating unit 1.
Referring to fig. 10, in one embodiment of the present invention, a chlorine gas storage tank 9 is further included, and the chlorine gas storage tank 9 is connected to the electrolytic cell 4 for storing chlorine gas electrolytically generated by the electrolytic cell 4. Chlorine generated in the electrolysis process of the electrolytic cell 4 can be directly sold after being stored in the chlorine storage tank 9.
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, in an embodiment of the present invention, a specific process of hydrogen production by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant disclosed in the present invention is as follows:
s1, introducing purified flue gas obtained by purifying flue gas generated by a thermal power generating unit of a power plant into raw seawater to purify the raw seawater.
In detail, flue gas generated by a thermal power generating unit 1 of a power plant is purified by a flue gas treatment component 5, part of the purified flue gas is introduced into raw seawater of a seawater and flue gas mixing device 201 before being discharged through a chimney, calcium and magnesium precipitates are produced by reacting carbon dioxide in the purified flue gas with calcium and magnesium ions in the raw seawater, the raw seawater from which the calcium and magnesium precipitates are produced by reaction is introduced into a seawater sedimentation tank 202 for sedimentation, and the precipitated seawater is filtered by a seawater filtering device 203 to obtain purified seawater.
S2: evaporating and concentrating the purified seawater.
Specifically, the concentration of sodium chloride in the purified seawater does not meet the electrolysis requirement, and the purified seawater is introduced into a seawater evaporation concentration component 3 for evaporation concentration, so that the concentration of sodium chloride in the seawater reaches the standard of electrolysis of sodium chloride by an electrolytic cell 4;
and S3, electrolyzing the evaporated and concentrated seawater by using the electric power of a thermal power generating unit to obtain hydrogen, chlorine and a sodium hydroxide solution.
The electrolysis bath is powered by the electric power of the thermal power generating unit, so that the anode generates chlorine and the cathode generates hydrogen through electrolytic reaction, and other generated products, namely hydrogen and chlorine, are collected and stored for sale.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant further comprises adjusting the power of an electrolytic cell for electrolyzing the seawater so as to be used for peak and frequency modulation of the thermal power unit.
Specifically, the electrolytic cell utilizes the surplus power of peak regulation and frequency modulation of a thermal power generating unit in a thermal power plant as a power supply, and not only can be used for electrolysis of the electrolytic cell, but also can be used for peak regulation and frequency modulation of the thermal power generating unit.
In one embodiment of the present invention, purifying raw seawater comprises: producing calcium-magnesium precipitates by reacting carbon dioxide in the purified flue gas with calcium-magnesium ions in raw material seawater; precipitating the seawater which generates calcium and magnesium precipitates; filtering the precipitated seawater to obtain purified seawater.
In one embodiment of the present invention, further comprising: evaporating and concentrating the purified seawater and/or concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution by using steam extraction of a steam turbine of the thermal power generating unit; condensing and recovering water vapor generated in the evaporation concentration process of the purified seawater and/or the concentration process of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Specifically, the sodium hydroxide solution obtained by electrolysis is concentrated by the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration assembly 6 to obtain caustic soda, and the hydrogen gas and chlorine gas obtained by electrolysis are stored for sale. When the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration assembly 6 and the seawater evaporation concentration assembly 3 are subjected to evaporation concentration, steam extracted by a steam turbine of the thermal power generating unit 1 is used as a heat source of the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration assembly 6 and the seawater evaporation concentration assembly 3, and the purified seawater is subjected to evaporation concentration and the sodium hydroxide solution is concentrated; and water vapor generated in the seawater evaporation concentration component 3 and the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration component 6 in the evaporation concentration and purification process of seawater and the sodium hydroxide solution concentration process is condensed and recovered by using the water recovery component 7, and finally the cleanliness of the purified water is divided into drinkable purified water and purified water which can be used as industrial water supplement of a thermal power plant.
In one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain caustic soda.
Specifically, the method comprises the steps of heating, evaporating and concentrating a sodium hydroxide solution by using steam extraction of a steam turbine of a thermal power generating unit as a heat source, and carrying out series of treatment such as deep evaporation, concentration and drying to obtain a caustic soda product.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description of the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing components, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (16)
1. A system for electrolyzing seawater to produce hydrogen in a thermal power plant is characterized by comprising:
a thermal power generating unit;
the seawater purification assembly is connected with the thermal power generating unit, and the thermal power generating unit is used for supplying at least one part of flue gas generated by power generation to the seawater purification assembly so as to purify raw seawater by using carbon dioxide in the flue gas;
the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly is connected with the seawater purification assembly and is used for receiving purified seawater from the seawater purification assembly and concentrating the purified seawater;
and the electrolytic cell is connected with the thermal power generating unit and the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly and is used for receiving the concentrated seawater from the seawater evaporation and concentration assembly and electrolyzing the concentrated seawater to obtain hydrogen, chlorine and a sodium hydroxide solution so as to prepare caustic soda by using the sodium hydroxide solution.
2. The system for electrolyzing seawater to produce hydrogen of thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the power of the electrolytic cell is adjustable for peak and frequency modulation of the thermal power unit.
3. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 1, further comprising a flue gas treatment module, wherein the flue gas treatment module is connected to the thermal power plant and the seawater purification module, and is configured to perform purification treatment on the flue gas generated by power generation of the thermal power plant, so that at least a part of the flue gas subjected to the purification treatment is supplied to the seawater purification module.
4. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 3, wherein the seawater purification module comprises:
the seawater and flue gas mixing device is connected with the flue gas treatment component so as to produce calcium and magnesium precipitates through the reaction of carbon dioxide in at least one part of purified flue gas and calcium and magnesium ions in raw seawater; and
the seawater sedimentation tank is used for settling the raw material seawater of the calcium-magnesium sediment generated by the reaction; and
a seawater filtering device for filtering the precipitated raw seawater to obtain purified seawater.
5. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 4, wherein the seawater flue gas mixing device is a seawater aeration reactor or a seawater spray tower, and the seawater aeration reactor and the seawater spray tower are used for realizing the sufficient mixing reaction of the raw seawater and at least a part of the flue gas of the purification treatment.
6. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 1, further comprising a sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration assembly connected to the electrolytic cell for receiving the sodium hydroxide solution from the electrolytic cell and concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution to produce caustic soda.
7. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 6, further comprising a water recovery module, wherein the water recovery module is connected with the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration module and the seawater evaporation concentration module, and is used for condensing and recovering water vapor generated in the processes of seawater evaporation concentration and sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration.
8. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 7, wherein the seawater evaporating and concentrating component is connected to a steam turbine of the thermal power plant, so that the seawater evaporating and concentrating component uses extracted steam of the steam turbine as a heat source.
9. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 8, wherein the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration component is connected to a steam turbine of the thermal power plant, so that the sodium hydroxide solution evaporation concentration component uses extracted steam of the steam turbine as a heat source.
10. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen storage tank connected to the electrolyzer for storing hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer.
11. The system for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 1, further comprising a chlorine storage tank connected to the electrolyzer for storing chlorine electrolytically generated by the electrolyzer.
12. A method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
introducing purified flue gas obtained by purifying flue gas generated by a thermal power generating unit of a power plant into raw seawater to purify the raw seawater;
evaporating and concentrating the purified seawater;
and electrolyzing the evaporated and concentrated seawater by using the electric power of a thermal power generating unit to obtain hydrogen, chlorine and a sodium hydroxide solution.
13. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 12, further comprising adjusting the power of an electrolytic cell for electrolyzing the seawater for peak and frequency modulation of the thermal power plant.
14. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 12, wherein purifying the raw seawater comprises:
producing calcium-magnesium precipitates by reacting carbon dioxide in the purified flue gas with calcium-magnesium ions in raw material seawater;
precipitating the seawater which generates calcium and magnesium precipitates;
filtering the precipitated seawater to obtain purified seawater.
15. The method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant according to claim 12, further comprising:
evaporating and concentrating the purified seawater and/or concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution by using steam extraction of a steam turbine of the thermal power generating unit;
condensing and recovering water vapor generated in the evaporation concentration process of the purified seawater and/or the concentration process of the sodium hydroxide solution.
16. A method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 12, further comprising concentrating the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain caustic soda.
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