CN113737201A - System and method for peak shaving of thermal power plant by electrolyzing concentrated water to prepare hydrogen - Google Patents
System and method for peak shaving of thermal power plant by electrolyzing concentrated water to prepare hydrogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN113737201A CN113737201A CN202111044155.1A CN202111044155A CN113737201A CN 113737201 A CN113737201 A CN 113737201A CN 202111044155 A CN202111044155 A CN 202111044155A CN 113737201 A CN113737201 A CN 113737201A
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/083—Separating products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/085—Removing impurities
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/087—Recycling of electrolyte to electrochemical cell
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for peak shaving of hydrogen production by electrolyzing concentrated water in a thermal power plant, which comprises concentrated water storage equipment, a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, an oxygen storage system and a combustion regulation system; the invention utilizes large-scale hydrogen production equipment to electrolyze concentrated water or circulating water discharged sewage of chemical water production, and utilizes the produced hydrogen or oxygen to assist the boiler to realize stable combustion, thereby reducing the lowest load of the boiler and finally reducing the output power of the generator. The method is beneficial to emission reduction of the waste water of the thermal power plant and realization of zero discharge of the waste water of the thermal power plant, and simultaneously enhances the peak regulation effect of the thermal power plant on the electricity utilization side and the electricity generation side, thereby being beneficial to realization of larger peak regulation depth of the thermal power plant, improving the flexibility of the thermal power plant and improving the profitability of the thermal power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production by electrolyzing concentrated water in a thermal power plant, and particularly relates to a system and a method for peak shaving of hydrogen production by electrolyzing concentrated water in a thermal power plant.
Background
In the production process of a thermal power plant, concentrated water and circulating water sewage of chemical water production can only be used for systems such as coal yard washing, limestone pulping and the like generally because the salt content of water quality is high, and the residual concentrated water is discharged outside the plant as sewage. In a gas turbine power plant, because places such as coal yards and the like which consume a large amount of low-quality water are not available, the concentrated water is almost completely discharged, and a large amount of pollution discharge cost needs to be paid. In order to realize zero discharge of wastewater, the prior art comprises a flue evaporative crystallization wastewater zero discharge system and an MVR concentration evaporative crystallization system, which are methods for realizing discharge by evaporating wastewater by using heat, consume a large amount of energy and reduce the economical efficiency.
On the other hand, with the large-scale grid connection of new energy, the flexibility of the thermal power plant needs to be improved urgently. The existing way for improving the flexibility of the thermal power plant is to reduce the generated energy of a generator set, for example, reduce the load of a boiler so as to reduce the power of the generator, and to temporarily store the generated energy through an energy storage system and release the generated energy during the peak time of power utilization. The minimum stable combustion load of the existing boiler is generally about 30% of the rated load under the limitation of conditions such as fuel components, pulverized coal fineness and the like, and the combustion performance of the fuel is required to be improved by further reducing the minimum stable combustion load.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for peak shaving of a thermal power plant by electrolyzing concentrated water, so that the thermal power plant can greatly improve the peak shaving performance while realizing zero discharge of waste water, thereby reducing the pollution discharge cost of the thermal power plant and increasing the peak shaving income of the thermal power plant. With the gradual maturity of large-scale water electrolysis hydrogen production and hydrogen combustor technologies, good technical support is provided for the peak shaving of concentrated water electrolysis hydrogen production of thermal power plants.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a system for peak shaving of thermal power plant by electrolyzing concentrated water comprises concentrated water storage equipment, a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, an oxygen storage system and a combustion regulation system;
the concentrated water storage equipment comprises an ultrafiltration device, the output end of the ultrafiltration device is connected with a concentrated water tank, and the concentrated water tank is used for providing make-up water for the electrolytic hydrogen production system;
the hydrogen production system comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production system, wherein the input end of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is connected with the electric energy input and the make-up water transferred by the electrolytic hydrogen production system, the output end of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is respectively connected with a hydrogen separation scrubber and an oxygen side separation scrubber, the hydrogen separation scrubber enters a hydrogen storage system through a hydrogen pipeline, and the oxygen side separation scrubber enters an oxygen storage system through an oxygen pipeline;
the hydrogen storage system comprises a dryer, a buffer tank, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and a pressure reducing device which are sequentially connected, wherein the pressure reducing device sends hydrogen to a hydrogen user, and the heat exchanger is provided with cold water closing inlet water and cold water closing return water;
the oxygen storage system and the hydrogen storage system have the same structure, and when the thermal power plant does not need oxygen, the oxygen storage system is not arranged, and the oxygen is directly discharged to the atmosphere;
the combustion adjusting system comprises a hydrogen combustor and an oxygen-enriched combustor, the hydrogen combustor is used for mixing hydrogen and combustion-supporting gas transmitted by a hydrogen storage system and then transmitting the mixture to the hearth for combustion, and the oxygen-enriched combustor is used for mixing oxygen transmitted by an oxygen storage system and primary powder feeding air and then transmitting the mixture to the hearth for combustion.
Make-up water of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is concentrated water or circulating water sewage produced by chemical water production equipment of a thermal power plant, and comprises first-stage reverse osmosis concentrated water, second-stage reverse osmosis concentrated water, EDI concentrated water and various concentrated water from a leachate treatment system in a garbage power station;
the electrolytic hydrogen production system uses primary reverse osmosis concentrated water, secondary reverse osmosis concentrated water and EDI concentrated water as make-up water of the hydrogen production system, and the water sources are directly sent to the electrolytic hydrogen production system to be used as make-up water;
the electrolytic hydrogen production system uses circulating water to discharge sewage, a filtering device is added in front of the electrolytic water hydrogen production system, and the filtering device uses the existing circulating water side filtering system or is provided with an independent filtering device.
The electrolytic hydrogen production system comprises an electrolytic cell, wherein the electrolytic cell is added with vanadium pentoxide and potassium dichromate through a dosing device. To protect the cathode and anode materials in higher Cl-The electrolyte with the content has longer service life.
The electrolytic hydrogen production system is provided with a crystalline salt extraction device, water in the electrolytic cell can be gradually saturated along with the operation of the electrolytic hydrogen production system, crystalline salt is separated out, salt crystals are filtered and extracted through an ultrafiltration membrane when the electrolytic hydrogen production system is stopped for maintenance, and the scraper type salt fishing device can also be used for extracting the crystalline salt in the operation process.
The hydrogen prepared by the electrolytic hydrogen production system is fed into the boiler through the hydrogen stable combustion gas distribution equipment in the combustion regulating system, and the oxygen can be fed into the boiler through the oxygen-enriched ignition and stable combustion equipment, so that the boiler is helped to realize stable combustion under low load. In addition, hydrogen is fed into the boiler to help stabilize combustion, and meanwhile, a part of pulverized coal fuel can be replaced, so that the total coal consumption of the thermal power plant is reduced.
The hydrogen prepared by the electrolytic hydrogen production system is used for hydrogen supplement of the hydrogen cooling system of the generator of the original thermal power plant, and if the existing thermal power plant adopts an externally purchased hydrogen cylinder for hydrogen supplement, the cost of hydrogen purchase and hydrogen transportation can be completely offset.
The system for peak regulation of hydrogen production by electrolyzing concentrated water in a thermal power plant needs to use hydrogen or oxygen for stable combustion according to the actual conditions of the power plant, and low-load stable combustion of a boiler can be realized by only arranging stable combustion equipment and auxiliary devices thereof.
According to the system for peak regulation of the thermal power plant by electrolyzing the concentrated water, the electric energy output by the generator is used for the hydrogen production system to produce hydrogen through the service power system, so that the power unit can reduce the power on the grid under higher power, and the peak regulation function of the thermal power unit is realized.
The use method of the system for preparing hydrogen and adjusting peak by electrolyzing concentrated water in a thermal power plant comprises the following steps;
in the normal load range, concentrated water or circulating water sewage generated by normal operation of the chemical water production system flows into a concentrated water tank for storage, and the electrolytic hydrogen production system does not operate or is subjected to maintenance operations such as cleaning and the like;
when the power consumption of a power grid is low or the scheduling load is lower than the minimum stable combustion load of a boiler, starting hydrogen production equipment, feeding concentrated water in a concentrated water tank into an electrolytic hydrogen production system as make-up water, starting to electrolyze the concentrated water to produce hydrogen, feeding hydrogen produced by the cathode of the hydrogen production equipment into a hydrogen storage system, and feeding oxidizing gas produced by the anode into an oxygen storage system or discharging the oxidizing gas into the atmosphere after passing through an oxygen separation scrubber;
when the power consumption of a power grid is low or the scheduling load is lower than the lowest stable combustion load of the boiler, oxygen or hydrogen is used for assisting the stable combustion of the boiler according to stable combustion equipment equipped for the boiler, the ignition temperature of pulverized coal is reduced, and the combustion rate and the combustion scale of the pulverized coal are improved, so that the lowest load of the boiler is further reduced, and the generated energy is reduced;
when the load instruction of the power grid rises, the hydrogen production equipment is stopped to produce hydrogen, the filtering device is started to filter and extract salt precipitated at the bottom of the concentrated water in the electrolytic bath, and the maintenance operation of the hydrogen production equipment is carried out to prepare for the next hydrogen production.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the system and the method for peak shaving of the thermal power plant by electrolyzing the concentrated water provided by the invention electrolyze the concentrated water or circulating water discharged sewage of chemical water by using large-scale hydrogen production equipment, and further use the prepared hydrogen or oxygen to assist a boiler to realize stable combustion, thereby reducing the lowest load of the boiler. The method is beneficial to emission reduction of the waste water of the thermal power plant and realization of zero discharge of the waste water of the thermal power plant, and simultaneously enhances the peak regulation effect of the thermal power plant on the electricity utilization side and the electricity generation side, thereby being beneficial to realization of larger peak regulation depth of the thermal power plant, improving the flexibility of the thermal power plant and improving the profitability of the thermal power plant.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of concentrated water storage.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electrolytic hydrogen production system.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen storage system.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a combustion regulation system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a system comprising a concentrated water storage facility, a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, an oxygen storage system, and a combustion regulation system;
the concentrated water storage equipment comprises an ultrafiltration device, a concentrated water tank, and a pipeline and a valve which are connected with the concentrated water tank;
the hydrogen production system comprises a concentrated water pump, water electrolysis hydrogen production equipment, a dosing device, a hydrogen pipeline, an oxygen pipeline, a water supplementing pipeline and corresponding valves, wherein the hydrogen pipeline, the oxygen pipeline, the water supplementing pipeline and the corresponding valves are connected with the dosing device;
the hydrogen storage system comprises a dryer, a buffer tank, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing device, and a pipeline and a valve which are connected with the pressure reducing device;
the oxygen storage system and the hydrogen storage system have the same structure, and when the thermal power plant does not need oxygen, the oxygen storage system is not arranged, and the oxygen is directly discharged to the atmosphere;
the combustion regulating system comprises a hydrogen combustor, an oxygen-enriched combustor, a corresponding gas distribution pipeline and a control valve group.
In this example, the make-up water for the hydrogen production system was from the concentrate produced by the first stage reverse osmosis plant for chemical water production from a thermal power plant, and the major ion content of the concentrate is shown in the table below.
The conductivity of the first-stage reverse osmosis concentrated water meets the requirements of an electrolytic water process, and Cl which can be treated by the existing electrolytic water system-The content can reach 800 mg.L-1And the first-stage reverse osmosis concentrated water is filtered by an ultrafiltration device in the chemical water production system, so that the first-stage reverse osmosis concentrated water can be directly used as the make-up water of the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system. The water flow of the first-stage reverse osmosis water of the power plant is 30t/h, the make-up water flow is about 5t/h when the hydrogen production system operates normally, and the rest first-stage reverse osmosis concentrated water is dischargedAnd the cooling tower circulating water front pool is used as circulating water for supplementing water.
As shown in FIG. 1, in the system for peak shaving of concentrated water electrolysis hydrogen production in a thermal power plant, only a small amount of NaOH is required to be added as electrolyte in the electrolytic tank of the hydrogen production system when the hydrogen production system is started, and vanadium pentoxide and potassium dichromate with certain concentrations are added to protect the cathode and anode materials in higher Cl-The electrolyte with the content has longer service life.
During the operation of the hydrogen production system, the cathode generates high-purity hydrogen with the flow rate of about 5000Nm3H, storing by using a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank with the volume more than 120m3And oxidizing property separated out from the anode is discharged into the atmosphere after being washed and filtered.
The hydrogen production system is provided with a crystallized salt extraction device, water in the electrolytic cell can be gradually saturated along with the operation of the hydrogen production system, crystallized salt is separated out, salt crystals are filtered and extracted through an ultrafiltration membrane when the hydrogen production system is shut down for maintenance, and the crystallized salt component contains a small amount of NaOH and can be used as electrolyte when the hydrogen production system is started next time.
The hydrogen produced by the hydrogen production system is washed, dried, cooled and pressurized and then stored in a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, when in use, the hydrogen is decompressed by a decompressor and then sent to a hydrogen user, one part of the hydrogen is used for hydrogen supplement of a hydrogen cooling system of the generator, and the other part of the hydrogen is sent to a boiler through hydrogen stable combustion gas distribution equipment in a combustion regulation system, so that the boiler is helped to realize stable combustion under low load.
The invention provides a system for peak regulation of hydrogen production by electrolyzing concentrated water in a thermal power plant and an operation method thereof, wherein the system comprises the following steps;
in the normal load range, the first-stage reverse osmosis concentrated water generated by the normal operation of the chemical water production system flows into the concentrated water tank for storage, and the hydrogen production system does not operate or is subjected to maintenance operations such as cleaning and the like.
When the power consumption of the power grid is low or the scheduling load is lower than the minimum stable combustion load of the boiler, the hydrogen production equipment is started, the concentrated water in the concentrated water tank is fed into the hydrogen production system as make-up water, the concentrated water is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen, the hydrogen produced by the cathode of the hydrogen production equipment is fed into the hydrogen storage system, and the oxidizing gas produced by the anode is fed into the oxygen storage system or discharged into the atmosphere after passing through the oxygen separation scrubber.
When the power consumption of the power grid is low or the scheduling load is lower than the minimum stable combustion load of the boiler, hydrogen in the hydrogen storage system is sent to the hydrogen stable combustion equipment through pressure reduction and shunt control to assist the stable combustion of the boiler, so that the minimum load of the boiler is further reduced, and the generated energy is reduced.
When the load instruction of the power grid rises, the hydrogen production equipment is stopped to produce hydrogen, the filtering device is started to filter and extract the crystallized salt precipitated at the bottom of the concentrated water in the electrolytic bath, and the maintenance operation of the hydrogen production equipment is carried out to prepare for the next hydrogen production.
Through the technical transformation of the invention, the coal can be saved by more than 4000t after running for 600 hours per year, the discharge of concentrated water is reduced by more than 3000t, and the peak shaving depth of the original power plant can be increased by more than 10%.
Claims (6)
1. A system for peak shaving of thermal power plant by electrolyzing concentrated water is characterized by comprising concentrated water storage equipment, a hydrogen production system, a hydrogen storage system, an oxygen storage system and a combustion regulation system;
the concentrated water storage equipment comprises an ultrafiltration device, the output end of the ultrafiltration device is connected with a concentrated water tank, and the concentrated water tank is used for providing make-up water for the electrolytic hydrogen production system;
the hydrogen production system comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production system, wherein the input end of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is connected with the electric energy input and the make-up water transferred by the electrolytic hydrogen production system, the output end of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is respectively connected with a hydrogen separation scrubber and an oxygen side separation scrubber, the hydrogen separation scrubber enters a hydrogen storage system through a hydrogen pipeline, and the oxygen side separation scrubber enters an oxygen storage system through an oxygen pipeline;
the hydrogen storage system comprises a dryer, a buffer tank, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank and a pressure reducing device which are sequentially connected, wherein the pressure reducing device sends hydrogen to a hydrogen user, and the heat exchanger is provided with cold water closing inlet water and cold water closing return water;
the oxygen storage system and the hydrogen storage system have the same structure, and when the thermal power plant does not need oxygen, the oxygen storage system is not arranged, and the oxygen is directly discharged to the atmosphere;
the combustion adjusting system comprises a hydrogen combustor and an oxygen-enriched combustor, the hydrogen combustor is used for mixing hydrogen and combustion-supporting gas transmitted by a hydrogen storage system and then transmitting the mixture to the hearth for combustion, and the oxygen-enriched combustor is used for mixing oxygen transmitted by an oxygen storage system and primary powder feeding air and then transmitting the mixture to the hearth for combustion.
2. The system for peak regulation of hydrogen production from concentrated water by electrolysis in a thermal power plant according to claim 1, wherein the make-up water of the system for hydrogen production by electrolysis is concentrated water or circulating water sewage generated by chemical water production equipment in the thermal power plant, and comprises primary reverse osmosis concentrated water, secondary reverse osmosis concentrated water, EDI concentrated water and various types of concentrated water from a leachate treatment system in a garbage power station;
the electrolytic hydrogen production system uses primary reverse osmosis concentrated water, secondary reverse osmosis concentrated water and EDI concentrated water as make-up water of the hydrogen production system, and the water sources are directly sent to the electrolytic hydrogen production system to be used as make-up water;
the electrolytic hydrogen production system uses circulating water to discharge sewage, a filtering device is added in front of the electrolytic water hydrogen production system, and the filtering device uses the existing circulating water side filtering system or is provided with an independent filtering device.
3. The system for peak shaving of hydrogen production from concentrated water in thermal power plant according to claim 1, wherein the system for electrolytic hydrogen production comprises an electrolytic cell, and vanadium pentoxide and potassium dichromate are added into the electrolytic cell through a dosing device.
4. The system for peak shaving of hydrogen production from concentrated water electrolysis in a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 3, wherein the system for hydrogen production from electrolysis is equipped with a device for extracting crystallized salt, and as the system for hydrogen production from electrolysis runs, water in the electrolysis bath gradually saturates and separates out crystallized salt, and when the system for hydrogen production from electrolysis stops working and is maintained, salt crystals are filtered and extracted by an ultrafiltration membrane, and the scraper type salt fishing device can also be used for extracting crystallized salt in the running process.
5. The system for peak shaving of hydrogen production from electrolyzed concentrated water in a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein hydrogen produced by the system for hydrogen production from electrolysis is fed into the boiler through a hydrogen steady combustion gas distribution device in the combustion regulation system, and oxygen is fed into the boiler through an oxygen-enriched ignition and steady combustion device to help the boiler achieve steady combustion under low load.
6. The use method of the system for peak shaving of hydrogen production by electrolyzing concentrated water in a thermal power plant based on any one of claims 1-5 is characterized by comprising the following steps;
in the normal load range, concentrated water or circulating water sewage generated by normal operation of the chemical water production system flows into a concentrated water tank for storage, and the electrolytic hydrogen production system does not operate or is subjected to maintenance operations such as cleaning and the like;
when the power consumption of a power grid is low or the scheduling load is lower than the minimum stable combustion load of a boiler, starting hydrogen production equipment, feeding concentrated water in a concentrated water tank into an electrolytic hydrogen production system as make-up water, starting to electrolyze the concentrated water to produce hydrogen, feeding hydrogen produced by the cathode of the hydrogen production equipment into a hydrogen storage system, and feeding oxidizing gas produced by the anode into an oxygen storage system or discharging the oxidizing gas into the atmosphere after passing through an oxygen separation scrubber;
when the power consumption of a power grid is low or the scheduling load is lower than the lowest stable combustion load of the boiler, oxygen or hydrogen is used for assisting the stable combustion of the boiler according to stable combustion equipment equipped for the boiler, the ignition temperature of pulverized coal is reduced, and the combustion rate and the combustion scale of the pulverized coal are improved, so that the lowest load of the boiler is further reduced, and the generated energy is reduced;
when the load instruction of the power grid rises, the hydrogen production equipment is stopped to produce hydrogen, the filtering device is started to filter and extract salt precipitated at the bottom of the concentrated water in the electrolytic bath, and the maintenance operation of the hydrogen production equipment is carried out to prepare for the next hydrogen production.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113502485A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-15 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | System and method for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing seawater in thermal power plant |
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| CN109980677A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-05 | 平高集团有限公司 | A kind of scene electric energy hydrogen energy storage and coal chemical industry Joint Production power generation peak adjusting system |
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