CN113501015A - Railway hopper car - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a railway hopper wagon, which comprises a hopper, an underframe, a bogie, a braking device, a car coupler buffering device and a bottom door opening and closing device, wherein the bottom of the hopper is provided with a longitudinal split internally-detached bottom door, the longitudinal split internally-detached bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door and the inner side edge of the second bottom door are oppositely arranged; the bottom door opening and closing device is arranged at a discharge port at the bottom of the hopper and used for driving the longitudinal split internal-discharge type bottom door to open or close. According to the railway hopper wagon provided by the invention, the bottom door opening and closing device is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, and the driving shaft is vertical to the length direction of the bottom door and is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, so that the technical problem that the longitudinal hopper ridge needs to penetrate through a wagon body unloading area due to the fact that the longitudinal transmission shaft needs to penetrate through the wagon body in the prior art, and the loading space of the hopper is occupied by the longitudinal hopper ridge is fundamentally solved.

Description

Railway hopper car

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of rail wagons, and particularly relates to a railway hopper wagon.

Background

The railway hopper wagon is a railway vehicle which is used for loading and transporting bulk cargos and has a self-unloading function. Because the unloading saves the manpower, the economy is swift, the hopper car occupies a very large proportion in the foreign railway freight car reserves, the hopper structure and the unloading organization are also of various kinds, and domestic hopper car quantity and motorcycle type are less, the structural style is also comparatively single, the carrying capacity is weaker. In recent years, with the increase of the axle weight of a truck and the increase of labor cost, the development of a novel railway hopper car is urgent.

The railway hopper wagon is a railway vehicle which is used for loading and transporting bulk cargos and has a self-unloading function. Generally, the longitudinal direction of the vehicle is taken as the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction is taken as the transverse direction, and the unloading towards the center of the track is taken as the inward unloading, and the unloading towards the two sides of the track is taken as the side unloading. The bottom door opening and closing system of the railway hopper wagon comprises a bottom door and a control system, wherein the bottom door mainly comprises a longitudinal inner-unloading structure, a longitudinal outer-unloading structure, a transverse inner-unloading structure and the like, and the control system comprises a pneumatic structure, a manual structure, a hydraulic structure, an electric control structure and the like.

The unloading system of the existing hopper car with longitudinally arranged bottom doors comprises at least one group of bottom door transmission mechanisms and control systems which are arranged at an unloading port at the bottom of the hopper, the bottom doors are controlled by one or more transmission shafts which are longitudinally arranged along a car body, and the longitudinal transmission shafts need to run through the unloading area of the car body, so that a longitudinal hopper ridge needs to be arranged in the car body, the transmission shafts are arranged at the lower part of the longitudinal hopper ridge, and the car body hopper is divided into a plurality of longitudinal unloading ports by the longitudinal hopper ridge, for example, longitudinal inner unloading type and longitudinal outer unloading type bottom door structures of KZ70 series stone ballast hopper cars in China are divided into four unloading ports by the longitudinal hopper ridge of the car body and a ballast dividing beam; a KM70 series coal hopper car longitudinal outward-discharging type bottom door structure is divided into two discharging openings by a car body longitudinal hopper ridge.

According to the existing hopper car with the longitudinally arranged bottom doors, as a car body hopper is divided into a plurality of unloading openings by longitudinal hopper ridges, the hopper structure is integrally W-shaped, the actual cargo space is reduced, and the width of the bottom doors is not large, for example, the opening degree of the bottom doors of KZ70 series stone ballast hopper cars (see figure 1) in China is 190mm, and the opening degree of the bottom doors of KM70 series coal hopper cars (see figure 2) is 450 mm. Therefore, the hopper car with the longitudinally arranged bottom door structure in the prior art is only suitable for loading and transporting large-particle goods with good liquidity. For powdery goods with high viscosity, the goods are not easy to flow out, so that the goods are not suitable for use.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a railway hopper wagon, which adopts a longitudinal large-opening split internal-unloading type bottom door, ensures clean unloading and increases the cargo carrying space.

The technical scheme adopted for achieving the purpose of the invention is that the railway hopper car comprises a hopper, an underframe, a bogie, a braking device, a car coupler buffering device and a bottom door opening and closing device, wherein the hopper is arranged above the underframe, the bogie, the braking device and the car coupler buffering device are all arranged below the underframe, the bottom of the hopper is provided with a longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door, the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door is opposite to the inner side edge of the second bottom door;

the bottom door opening and closing device is installed at a discharge port at the bottom of the hopper and comprises a driving shaft, a driving connecting rod mechanism, a driven shaft, a driven connecting rod mechanism and a transmission mechanism, the vertical projections of the driven shaft and the driving shaft extend along the transverse direction, and the driven shaft and the driving shaft are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the longitudinal split inner-discharging type bottom door; the transmission mechanism is arranged on the side of the longitudinal split inward-discharging type bottom door and is respectively connected with the driven shaft and the driving shaft so as to enable the driven shaft to synchronously rotate along with the driving shaft; one end of the driving connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, and the other end of the driving connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively; one end of the driven link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driven shaft, and the other end of the driven link mechanism is hinged to the second ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively.

Optionally, the driving link mechanism is perpendicular to the driving shaft, the driving link mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking link mechanism and a servo link mechanism, a first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is hinged to a first end of the servo link mechanism, and a second end of the servo link mechanism is used for being hinged to a first end of the longitudinal split inward-discharging bottom door;

the driven link mechanism is perpendicular to the driven shaft, the structure of the driven link mechanism is the same as that of the driving link mechanism, the driven link mechanism also comprises the eccentric self-locking link mechanism and the follow-up link mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driven shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is hinged with the first end of the follow-up link mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up link mechanism is used for being hinged with the second end of the longitudinal split inward-dismounting type bottom door.

Optionally, the driving link mechanism and the driven link mechanism are symmetrically arranged by taking a transverse central axis of the longitudinal split inward-detachable bottom door as a symmetry axis.

Optionally, the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket and a transmission chain, the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively and fixedly mounted on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket in a 180-degree twisted posture to transmit torque.

Optionally, the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism have the same structure and installation direction.

Optionally, the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket and a transmission chain, the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively and fixedly mounted on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket to transmit torque.

Optionally, the driving link mechanism and the driven link mechanism both include one eccentric self-locking link mechanism and two servo link mechanisms, a first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft/driven shaft, a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is hinged to the first end of the servo link mechanism, and a second end of the servo link mechanism is hinged to an inner side edge of a first end/second end of the first bottom door and an inner side edge of a second end of the second bottom door.

Optionally, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism includes a shaft sleeve, a swing block, a crank and a cross beam, the shaft sleeve, the swing block and the crank are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft/driven shaft, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft/driven shaft, an eccentric groove is formed in a side portion of the crank, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is driven by the driving shaft/driven shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped in the eccentric groove, or to rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove;

the cross beam is fixedly arranged at the free end of the crank, two ends of the cross beam extend out of the crank, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with two ends of the cross beam respectively, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft/driven shaft.

Optionally, the driving link mechanism and the driven link mechanism comprise two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms and two servo link mechanisms, two first ends of the eccentric self-locking link mechanisms are fixedly connected with the driving shaft/driven shaft, two second ends of the eccentric self-locking link mechanisms are hinged to the first ends of the servo link mechanisms respectively, and two second ends of the servo link mechanisms are hinged to the inner side edges of the first end/second end of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively.

Optionally, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block and a crank, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft/driven shaft, the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinge joint is parallel to the driving shaft/driven shaft; the free end of the crank is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is vertical to the driving shaft/driven shaft;

the side part of the crank throw is provided with an eccentric groove, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft/driven shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove.

Optionally, the driving shaft/driven shaft is provided with a prism section; the shaft sleeve is a prismatic sleeve, and is sleeved on the prismatic section; the eccentric groove is a prismatic groove.

Optionally, the following link mechanism includes a link member and a connecting ring, a first end of the link member is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is perpendicular to the driving shaft, a hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the link member, and the connecting ring is hung on the hanging ring and used for being hinged to the first bottom door/the second bottom door.

Optionally, the connecting rod member includes a connecting rod and an adjusting rod, a first end of the connecting rod is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, a second end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with a first end of the adjusting rod, and the hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the adjusting rod.

Optionally, the first bottom door and the second bottom door are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure, and both include a hinged inclined plate and a material supporting inclined plate which are fixedly connected, the hinged edge is located on the hinged inclined plate, the hinged edge is provided with more than 2 hinged seats, and the first bottom door and the second bottom door are hinged to the hopper through the hinged seats; the area of the material supporting inclined plate is larger than that of the hinged inclined plate, and the inclination angle of the material supporting inclined plate relative to the horizontal plane is smaller than that of the hinged inclined plate relative to the horizontal plane.

Optionally, the railway hopper wagon further comprises an opening and closing driving device, and the opening and closing driving device is fixedly connected with the driving shaft; the opening and closing driving device is a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is arranged on the driving shaft;

or the opening and closing driving device comprises a power source, a speed reducer, a transmission shaft and a driving transmission mechanism which are sequentially connected, and a torque output end of the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft; the power source is a hand wheel or a motor;

or the opening and closing driving device comprises an air cylinder and a driving connecting rod assembly, wherein the torque input end of the driving connecting rod assembly is hinged to the piston of the air cylinder, and the torque output end of the driving connecting rod assembly is fixedly connected with the driving shaft.

According to the technical scheme, the railway hopper car provided by the invention has the same overall structure as that of the prior art, and comprises a hopper, an underframe, a bogie, a braking device, a car coupler buffering device and a bottom door opening and closing device, wherein the hopper is arranged above the underframe, and the bogie, the braking device and the car coupler buffering device are arranged below the underframe. Different from the prior art, the railway hopper wagon provided by the invention has the advantages that the structures of the bottom doors and the bottom door opening and closing devices are improved, the bottom of the funnel is provided with the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door, the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door comprises the first bottom door and the second bottom door which are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, the inner side edge of the first bottom door and the inner side edge of the second bottom door are oppositely arranged, the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door is opened in a split mode, the first bottom door and the second bottom door are outwards and oppositely turned, so that an opening is formed in the middle of the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door, and then the goods are internally unloaded. The bottom door opening and closing device is arranged at a discharge port at the bottom of the hopper and is used for driving the longitudinal split internal-discharge type bottom door to open and close.

The bottom door opening and closing device comprises a driving shaft, a driving connecting rod mechanism, a driven shaft, a driven connecting rod mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein the vertical projections of the driven shaft and the driving shaft extend along the transverse direction, namely the driven shaft and the driving shaft are arranged along the transverse direction, and the driven shaft and the driving shaft are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the longitudinal split inner-detachable bottom door; the transmission mechanism is arranged on the side of the longitudinal split internal-unloading bottom door and is respectively connected with the driven shaft and the driving shaft, so that the driven shaft can synchronously rotate along with the driving shaft, the two ends of the bottom door can simultaneously drive the bottom door to open and close, the stress of the bottom door can be balanced, and the generation of force building and distortion and the like can be avoided. The driving connecting rod mechanism and the driven connecting rod mechanism drive the longitudinal split internal unloading type bottom door to open and close under the driving of the driving shaft and the driven shaft, so that unloading towards the inner side of the track is realized.

The driving shafts (the driving shafts and the driven shafts) are transversely arranged, the transmission mechanisms are longitudinally arranged and distributed on the sides of the longitudinally split inward-discharging type bottom doors, the transmission mechanisms play a role of longitudinal transmission shafts for transmitting torque in the prior art, the transmission mechanisms are laterally arranged, the situation that the longitudinal transmission shafts are arranged in the middle of the bottom door opening and closing device in the prior art is avoided, correspondingly, longitudinal funnel ridges for containing and avoiding the longitudinal transmission shafts are not required to be arranged in a funnel, the bottom of the funnel is only provided with one longitudinally large-opening inward-discharging type split bottom door, the same series of KM70 series coal hopper cars are provided, the opening degree of the bottom door can reach more than 800mm, and the bottom door opening degree is suitable for loading and transporting large-particle goods with good flowability. The railway hopper wagon is also suitable for powdery cargos which are high in viscosity and difficult to flow out. In addition, the longitudinal funnel ridge is not required to be arranged in the funnel, so that the actual cargo space of the funnel is increased by about 9m compared with the prior art KM70 series coal hopper cars in the same series³Specific volume of coal 1.07m³Calculated by/t (cubic meter per ton), the railway hopper car can increase the loading capacity by more than 8 tons.

Compared with the prior art, the railway hopper car provided by the invention has the advantages that the bottom door opening and closing device is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, and the driving shaft is vertical to the length direction of the bottom door and is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, so that the technical problem that the longitudinal hopper ridge needs to be arranged in the car body to occupy the loading space of the hopper due to the fact that the longitudinal transmission shaft needs to penetrate through the car body unloading area in the prior art is fundamentally solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a railroad hopper car according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a first drawing showing the connection between the bottom door opening and closing device of FIG. 1 and a longitudinally split inner detachable bottom door;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the master/slave linkage of FIG. 2 in a retracted state;

FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a front view of the master/slave linkage of FIG. 2 in a deployed state;

FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of yet another construction of the master/slave linkage in a retracted state;

FIG. 8 is a second drawing showing the connection between the bottom door opening/closing device of FIG. 1 and a longitudinally split inner detachable bottom door;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of the longitudinally split inner-release bottom door in a closed state;

FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of the longitudinally split inner-release bottom door in an open state;

fig. 12 is a side view of fig. 11.

Description of reference numerals: 100-bottom door opening and closing device; 10-driving shaft; 20-an active linkage mechanism; 30-a driven shaft; 40-a driven linkage; 50-a transmission mechanism, 51-a driving chain wheel, 52-a driven chain wheel and 53-a transmission chain; 1-shaft sleeve; 2-swinging the block; 3-crank, 3 a-eccentric groove; 4-a connecting rod; 5-adjusting the rod; 6-connecting ring; 7-a cross beam; 8-eccentric self-locking link mechanism; 9-a follow-up link mechanism; 200-longitudinal split inner-detachable bottom door, 210-first bottom door, 220-second bottom door, 201-hinged inclined plate, 202-material supporting inclined plate and 203-hinged seat; 300-a funnel; 400-a chassis; 500-a bogie; 600-a braking device; 700-coupler draft gear; 800-opening and closing drive means.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments.

The hopper car comprises a car body hopper, a hopper ridge, a hopper body, a hopper wheel, a hopper and a hopper, wherein the hopper wheel is arranged on the hopper wheel, the hopper wheel is provided with a hopper, and the hopper wheel is provided with a hopper. The invention provides a railway hopper car, which improves the structures of a bottom door and a bottom door opening and closing device, wherein the bottom of a hopper is provided with a longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door, the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door is opposite to the inner side edge of the second bottom door; the bottom door opening and closing device is arranged at a discharge port at the bottom of the hopper and is used for driving the longitudinal split internal-discharge type bottom door to open and close.

According to the railway hopper wagon provided by the invention, the bottom door opening and closing device is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, and the driving shaft is vertical to the length direction of the bottom door and is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, so that the technical problem that the longitudinal hopper ridge needs to penetrate through a wagon body unloading area due to the fact that the longitudinal transmission shaft needs to penetrate through the wagon body unloading area in the prior art, and the loading space of the hopper is occupied by the longitudinal hopper ridge is fundamentally solved.

In order to fully understand the technical scheme of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is described in detail by combining a specific embodiment as follows:

the embodiment provides a railway hopper car which can be any one of the conventional railway hopper cars such as a ballast hopper car and a coal hopper car. Referring to fig. 1, the railway hopper car comprises a hopper 300, an underframe 400, a bogie 500, a brake device 600, a coupler buffer device 700 and a bottom door opening and closing device 100, wherein the hopper 300 is installed above the underframe 400, and the bogie 500, the brake device 600 and the coupler buffer device 700 are all installed below the underframe 400.

The invention provides a railway hopper wagon, which is an improved design of a hopper bottom door and a bottom door opening and closing device 100, and particularly provides the railway hopper wagon, wherein a longitudinal split internally-detachable bottom door 200 is arranged at the bottom of a hopper 300, referring to fig. 2, 8 to 12, the longitudinal split internally-detachable bottom door 200 comprises a first bottom door 210 and a second bottom door 220 which are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged, both the outer side edge of the first bottom door 210 and the outer side edge of the second bottom door 220 are hinged edges, the inner side edge of the first bottom door 210 and the inner side edge of the second bottom door 220 are oppositely arranged, and when the bottom doors are in a closed state, the inner side edge of the first bottom door 210 and the inner side edge of the second bottom door 220 are tightly attached to avoid generating gaps, so that goods fall down. In the railway hopper car provided by the invention, only one longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door 200 is arranged at the bottom of the hopper, the length of the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door 200 can reach more than 3m, the bottom door can be opened only by simultaneously driving two ends, the two ends of the bottom door are stressed in a balanced manner, and the generation of holding power, distortion and deformation and the like is avoided.

Due to the improvement of the integral structure and the opening and closing structure of the bottom door, the shape of the bottom door panel of the invention is also designed adaptively, and particularly referring to fig. 2 and 8, the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure, and both comprise a hinged inclined plate 201 and a material supporting inclined plate 202 which are fixedly connected, the hinged edge is positioned on the hinged inclined plate 201, more than 2 hinged seats 203 are arranged on the hinged edge, and the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are both hinged with the bottom discharge opening of the funnel through the hinged seats 203. The material supporting inclined plate 202 mainly plays a role in closing a discharge opening and supporting cargos, the area of the material supporting inclined plate 202 is larger than that of the hinged inclined plate 201, and the inclination angle of the material supporting inclined plate 202 relative to the horizontal plane is smaller than that of the hinged inclined plate 201 relative to the horizontal plane, so that the cross section of the whole longitudinal split inward-discharging type bottom door 200 is U-shaped or V-shaped.

The bottom door opening and closing device 100 is installed at a bottom discharge port of the hopper, referring to fig. 2 to 8, the bottom door opening and closing device 100 includes a driving shaft 10, a driving link mechanism 20, a driven shaft 30, a driven link mechanism 40 and a transmission mechanism 50, vertical projections of the driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10 extend in a transverse direction, and the driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10 may be horizontally arranged in the transverse direction or inclined downward in the transverse direction. The driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10 are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the longitudinal split inner-detachable bottom door 200; the transmission mechanism 50 is arranged at the side edge of the longitudinal split inner-detachable bottom door 200, and the transmission mechanism 50 is respectively connected with the driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10 so as to enable the driven shaft 30 to synchronously rotate along with the driving shaft 10; one end of the driving link mechanism 20 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 10, and the other end is hinged with the first ends of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 respectively; one end of the driven link mechanism 40 is fixedly connected to the driven shaft 30, and the other end is hinged to the second ends of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220, respectively. The driving link mechanism 20 and the driven link mechanism 40 may be conventional link mechanisms, and may be configured to drive the longitudinally split inner-detachable bottom door 200 to open or close.

Specifically, referring to fig. 2 to 8, in this embodiment, the driving linkage 20 is perpendicular to the driving shaft 10, the driving linkage 20 includes an eccentric self-locking linkage 8 and a follower linkage 9, the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 can realize self-locking by means of a self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, a first end of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10, a second end of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 is hinged to a first end of the follower linkage 9, and a second end of the follower linkage 9 is hinged to first ends of a first bottom door and a second bottom door of the longitudinally opposite-opening inward-detachable bottom door, respectively. Because two bottom doors of the longitudinal split inner-release type bottom door are driven to be opened and closed simultaneously, the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 and the first end of the longitudinal split inner-release type bottom door are required to be provided with two hinged points, and according to specific use conditions, the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 can be selectively arranged to be composed of an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 and two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9, or the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 is composed of two eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8 and two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9.

Referring to fig. 3 to 6, in the present embodiment, the driving linkage 20 includes an eccentric self-locking linkage 8 and two follower linkages 9, a first end of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10, a second end of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 is hinged to first ends of the two follower linkages 9, and second ends of the two follower linkages 9 are hinged to first ends of a first bottom door and a second bottom door of the longitudinally opposite-opening inward-detachable bottom door. The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 drives the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 to move together.

Referring to fig. 3 to 6, in the present embodiment, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 includes a shaft sleeve 1, a swing block 2, a crank 3 and a cross beam 7, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft 10, and the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 are similar to a hinge and can rotate around the driving shaft 10. When the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the coiling direction, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are wrapped on the driving shaft 10; when the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the extension direction, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are separated from the driving shaft 10. Because the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are all rigid structures, the free end (second end) of the crank throw 3 can be driven to move in a plane vertical to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 through the rotation of the driving shaft 10.

The self-locking of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is realized by the structure of the shaft sleeve 1 and the crank throw 3, specifically, referring to fig. 4 and fig. 6, in this embodiment, the side portion of the crank throw 3 is provided with an eccentric groove 3a, and when the driving link mechanism 20 is in a contraction state, that is, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are in a winding state, an eccentric angle exists between a connecting line of the center of the eccentric groove 3a and the center of the hinged point of the swinging block 2-the crank throw 3 and the axis of the driving link mechanism 20, so that the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 can realize self-locking by means of the self-locking eccentric distance of the mechanism. The shape of the eccentric groove 3a is matched with the cross section shape of the shaft sleeve 1, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 rotates and contracts to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped in the eccentric groove 3a or rotates and expands to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3a under the driving of the driving shaft 10.

The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8 and the follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 are hinged through cross beams 7, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the cross beams 7 are fixedly installed at the free ends of the crank throws 3, two ends of the cross beams 7 extend out of the crank throws 3, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 are hinged with two ends of the cross beams 7 respectively, rotating shafts of hinged points are perpendicular to a driving shaft 10, and when the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8 are wound or unfolded, the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 can be driven to rotate relatively or oppositely in a plane defined by the axis of the driving shaft 10 and the axis of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8, so that the bottom door capable of being opened or closed in a longitudinal split and inward-detaching mode is achieved.

In other embodiments, the driving linkage 20 may further include two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 and two follower linkages 9, a first end of each of the two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10, a second end of each of the two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 is hinged to a first end of each of the two follower linkages 9, and a second end of each of the two follower linkages 9 is hinged to a first end of a first bottom door and a first end of a second bottom door of the longitudinally opposite-opening inward-detachable bottom door.

In this embodiment, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 may adopt a structure similar to that of the present embodiment, specifically, as shown in fig. 7, when the driving link mechanism 20 includes two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms 8 and two follower link mechanisms 9, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 only includes a shaft sleeve 1, a swing block 2 and a crank 3, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft 10; the free end of the bell crank 3 is used for hinging with the first end of the follower linkage 9, and the rotating shaft of the hinging point is vertical to the driving shaft 10. The structure of the crank throw 3 can be the same as that of the embodiment, namely, the side part of the crank throw 3 is provided with an eccentric groove 3a, and the shape of the eccentric groove 3a is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the shaft sleeve 1, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can be rotationally contracted under the driving of the driving shaft 10 to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped into the eccentric groove 3a or rotationally expanded to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3 a.

In the present invention, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is opened and self-locked by passing through the dead point, so the shaft sleeve 1 is preferably configured as a prismatic sleeve, and the corresponding eccentric groove 3a is preferably a prismatic groove. For example, the prism structures are all quadrangular prisms and chamfered edges, and of course, triangular prisms, pentagonal prisms or other prism structures are also applicable. Correspondingly, a prism section is arranged on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the prism section, and rotation stopping and torque transmission are realized through the prism structure.

Referring to fig. 3 to 6, in the present embodiment, the follower link mechanism 9 includes a link member and a connection ring 6, a first end of the link member is hinged to a second end (an end of the cross beam 7 or a free end of the crank 3) of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8, a rotation shaft of the hinge point is perpendicular to the driving shaft 10, a hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the link member, and the connection ring 6 is hung on the hanging ring for being hinged to the bottom door.

Considering the manufacturing error of the longitudinal split inner-discharge type bottom door and the assembly tolerance of the opening and closing mechanism, the opening of the two bottom doors of the longitudinal split inner-discharge type bottom door may be out of synchronization or the sealing gap when the bottom door is closed may not reach the standard. In order to solve the technical problem, as a preferred embodiment, the link member includes a link 4 and an adjusting rod 5, a first end of the link 4 is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8, a second end of the link 4 is in threaded connection with a first end of the adjusting rod 5, a matching structure of a link external thread and an adjusting rod 5 internal thread is preferred, and the hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the adjusting rod 5. When the opening of the two bottom doors of the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door is asynchronous or the sealing gap during closing does not reach the standard, the whole length of the connecting rod member can be changed by adjusting the relative position of the connecting rod and the adjusting rod 5, so that the manufacturing error and the dislocation amount caused by assembly tolerance are compensated.

The driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10 are arranged in parallel at intervals, the structure of the driven link mechanism 40 is the same as that of the driving link mechanism 20, namely the driving link mechanism also comprises an eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and a follow-up link mechanism 9, the first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is fixedly connected with the driven shaft 30, the second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is hinged with the first end of the follow-up link mechanism 9, and the second end of the follow-up link mechanism 9 is hinged with the second ends of a first bottom door and a second bottom door of the longitudinally opposite-opening inward-unloading bottom door respectively. The specific structure of the driven linkage 40 can refer to the driving linkage 20, and the detailed description is omitted here.

The transmission mechanism 50 is connected to the driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10, respectively, so that the driven shaft 30 rotates synchronously with the driving shaft 10. The driven link mechanism 40 is perpendicular to the driven shaft 30, and the transmission mechanism 50 may adopt any existing mechanism for transmitting torque and realizing synchronous motion, such as a chain transmission mechanism 50, a synchronous belt, and the like, and the specific type is not limited by the present invention. In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 50 is a chain transmission mechanism 50, the chain transmission mechanism 50 includes a driving sprocket 51, a driven sprocket 52 and a transmission chain 53, the driving sprocket 51 and the driven sprocket 52 are respectively and fixedly installed on the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30, and the transmission chain 53 is sleeved on the driving sprocket 51 and the driven sprocket 52 to transmit torque.

In the specific structural arrangement of the bottom door opening and closing device 100, there are two options: symmetrical or equidirectional. Referring to fig. 2, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are symmetrically disposed with a central axis of the longitudinal split inner-release bottom door parallel to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10/the driven shaft 30 (i.e., a central axis of the longitudinal split inner-release bottom door in the width direction) as a symmetry axis. At this time, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are mirror-symmetric with respect to the symmetry axis, the self-locking direction of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is opposite, and in order to realize the synchronous motion of the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20, the transmission chain 53 needs to be twisted 180 degrees and then sleeved on a sprocket, and the synchronous and reverse rotation of the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 can be ensured by twisting the transmission chain 53.

The same direction arrangement referring to fig. 8, the driven linkage 40 and the driving linkage 20 are identical in structure and installation direction. At this time, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 have the same self-locking direction no matter the structure or the installation, the self-locking direction of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is the same, and the transmission chain 53 does not need to be twisted at this time, and can be directly sleeved on the driving chain wheel 51 and the driven chain wheel 52, so that the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 synchronously rotate in the same direction to transmit torque.

Compared with a same-direction arrangement structure, when a symmetrical arrangement structure is adopted, the number and the types of all related accessories on the driving side and the driven side are completely the same, and the process of production organization is relatively simple. And structurally, the symmetrical arrangement structure is adopted to ensure that the stress conditions on two sides of the longitudinal split internal-disassembly bottom door are completely the same. The bottom door opening and closing device 100 of the present embodiment is preferably arranged symmetrically.

Generally speaking, the railway hopper wagon provided by the invention adopts driving side-driven side two-end driving, and can select a same-direction arrangement structure or a symmetrical arrangement structure. The driving link mechanism 20/the driven link mechanism 40 of the bottom door opening and closing device 100 may adopt the structural form of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and the two follower link mechanisms 9, and may also adopt the structural form of the two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms 8 and the two follower link mechanisms 9, and the specific application form of the invention is not limited.

Based on the structural complexity, the assembly process, and other angles, in the present embodiment, the bottom door opening and closing device 100 adopts a symmetrical arrangement structure, and the driving link mechanism 20/the driven link mechanism 40 both adopt the structural forms of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and the two follower link mechanisms 9. That is, the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 of the bottom door opening and closing device 100 are both disposed in the second direction perpendicular to the first direction and located at both ends of the longitudinal split inner swing type bottom door 200, that is, the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 are both disposed in the transverse direction. In the bottom door opening/closing device 100, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are symmetrically disposed with a transverse central axis of the vertically-split bottom door 200 (i.e., a central axis in the width direction of the bottom door) as a symmetry axis. The driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 have the same structure, and both include an eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and two follower link mechanisms 9, and the two follower link mechanisms 9 are respectively hinged with the inner side edges of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220. Two ends of the bottom door are symmetrically provided with a set of link mechanism respectively, and the link mechanisms are connected on the side surface of the vehicle body through chains, so that the two ends of the bottom door are stressed uniformly, and the generation of holding force, distortion and the like is avoided.

When the bottom door is closed, the locking is realized through the eccentric self-locking of the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 and the driven connecting rod mechanism 40. When the bottom door is opened, the driving shaft 10 rotates, transmission transition is carried out through a chain, and then the bottom door is opened by the action of the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 and the driven connecting rod mechanism 40 to cross a dead point.

In order to facilitate the operation of opening and closing the bottom door, referring to fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment, the railroad hopper car further comprises an opening and closing driving device 800, the opening and closing driving device 800 is used for driving the driving shaft 10 to rotate, the opening and closing driving device 800 can adopt any one of the existing devices for realizing rotation, and the invention is not limited in specific implementation mode. In one embodiment, the opening and closing driving device 800 is a hand wheel, the hand wheel is mounted on the driving shaft 10 and exposed out of the railway hopper car, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 1; in another embodiment, the opening and closing driving device 800 includes a power source, a speed reducer, a transmission shaft, and a driving transmission mechanism, which are connected in sequence, wherein a torque output end of the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 10, the power source may be a hand wheel or a motor, and the driving transmission mechanism is preferably a chain transmission mechanism. In another embodiment, the opening and closing driving device 800 includes an air cylinder and a driving link assembly, a torque input end of the driving link assembly is hinged to a piston of the air cylinder, and a torque output end of the driving link assembly is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10.

Referring to fig. 9 to 12, the operation principle of the bottom door opening and closing device 100 according to the present embodiment is as follows:

when the driving shaft 10 rotates, the driving link mechanism 20 is perpendicular to the driving shaft 10 and is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 10, and the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 of the driving link mechanism 20 rotates in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 by taking the driving shaft 10 as a rotating shaft under the driving of the driving shaft 10. When the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the coiling direction, all components (a shaft sleeve 1, a swinging block 2 and a crank throw 3) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 are wrapped on the driving shaft 10; when the driving shaft 10 rotates to the extension direction, all components (the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 are separated from the driving shaft 10. Because the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are all rigid structures, the free end (the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8) of the crank throw 3 can be driven to move in a plane vertical to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 by the rotation of the driving shaft 10, and therefore the spatial position of the free end of the crank throw 3 is changed.

Because the two ends of the follow-up link mechanism 9 are respectively hinged with the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and the bottom door, when the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is changed, the follow-up link mechanism 9 can move along with the change of the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism, so that the bottom door of the longitudinal split internal-unloading bottom door is driven to be opened or closed.

The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can realize self-locking by means of the self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, when the driving shaft 10 rotates, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped into the eccentric groove 3a under the driving of the driving shaft 10 to realize self-locking, and the state corresponds to a closing state of the longitudinal split inner-unloading bottom door, so that accidental opening of the longitudinal split inner-unloading bottom door is avoided. The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can also be driven by the driving shaft 10 to rotate and unfold to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3a, and the state corresponds to the opening state of the longitudinal split internal-unloading bottom door.

For the longitudinal split inner-dumping bottom door driven by two ends of a driving side and a driven side, when the driving shaft 10 rotates, torque can be synchronously transmitted to the driven shaft 30 through the transmission mechanism 50, and then at the driven side, the driven shaft 30 acts as the driving shaft 10 to drive the driven link mechanism 40 to synchronously act, so that the longitudinal split inner-dumping bottom door is jointly opened or closed.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims (15)

1. The utility model provides a railway hopper car, includes funnel, chassis, bogie, arresting gear, coupling buffer and bottom door switching device, the funnel install in the chassis top, the bogie the arresting gear with coupling buffer all install in the chassis below, its characterized in that:

the bottom of the funnel is provided with a longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door, the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door and the inner side edge of the second bottom door are oppositely arranged;

the bottom door opening and closing device is installed at a discharge port at the bottom of the hopper and comprises a driving shaft, a driving connecting rod mechanism, a driven shaft, a driven connecting rod mechanism and a transmission mechanism, the vertical projections of the driven shaft and the driving shaft extend along the transverse direction, and the driven shaft and the driving shaft are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the longitudinal split inner-discharging type bottom door; the transmission mechanism is arranged on the side of the longitudinal split inward-discharging type bottom door and is respectively connected with the driven shaft and the driving shaft so as to enable the driven shaft to synchronously rotate along with the driving shaft; one end of the driving connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, and the other end of the driving connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively; one end of the driven link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driven shaft, and the other end of the driven link mechanism is hinged to the second ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively.

2. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the driving connecting rod mechanism is perpendicular to the driving shaft, the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is used for being hinged with the first end of the longitudinal split inward-unloading bottom door;

the driven link mechanism is perpendicular to the driven shaft, the structure of the driven link mechanism is the same as that of the driving link mechanism, the driven link mechanism also comprises the eccentric self-locking link mechanism and the follow-up link mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driven shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is hinged with the first end of the follow-up link mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up link mechanism is used for being hinged with the second end of the longitudinal split inward-dismounting type bottom door.

3. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the driving connecting rod mechanism and the driven connecting rod mechanism are symmetrically arranged by taking the transverse central axis of the longitudinal split internal-unloading bottom door as a symmetry axis.

4. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel and a transmission chain, the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel are respectively and fixedly arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel in a 180-degree twisted posture so as to transmit torque.

5. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism are identical in structure and installation direction.

6. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel and a transmission chain, the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel are fixedly arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft respectively, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel to transmit torque.

7. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the driving connecting rod mechanism and the driven connecting rod mechanism respectively comprise one eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and two servo connecting rod mechanisms, the first end of each eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft/driven shaft, the second end of each eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged to the first end of each servo connecting rod mechanism, and the second end of each servo connecting rod mechanism is hinged to the inner side edge of the first end/second end of the first bottom door and the inner side edge of the second bottom door.

8. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block, a crank and a cross beam, wherein the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinged joint is parallel to the driving shaft/driven shaft, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft/driven shaft, an eccentric groove is formed in the side part of the crank, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft/driven shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or to rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove;

the cross beam is fixedly arranged at the free end of the crank, two ends of the cross beam extend out of the crank, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with two ends of the cross beam respectively, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft/driven shaft.

9. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the driving connecting rod mechanism and the driven connecting rod mechanism respectively comprise two eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms and two servo connecting rod mechanisms, wherein the first ends of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms are fixedly connected with the driving shaft/driven shaft, the second ends of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms are respectively hinged with the first ends of the servo connecting rod mechanisms, and the second ends of the servo connecting rod mechanisms are respectively used for being hinged with the inner side edges of the first end/second end of the first bottom door and the first end/second end of the second bottom door.

10. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 9, wherein: the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block and a crank throw, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft/driven shaft, the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank throw are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is parallel to the driving shaft/driven shaft; the free end of the crank is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is vertical to the driving shaft/driven shaft;

the side part of the crank throw is provided with an eccentric groove, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft/driven shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove.

11. A railway hopper car as claimed in claim 8 or 10, wherein: the driving shaft/driven shaft is provided with a prism section; the shaft sleeve is a prismatic sleeve, and is sleeved on the prismatic section; the eccentric groove is a prismatic groove.

12. A railroad hopper car as set forth in any one of claims 2-10, wherein: the servo link mechanism comprises a link member and a connecting ring, wherein the first end of the link member is hinged with the second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism, a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft, the second end of the link member is provided with a hanging ring, and the connecting ring is sleeved on the hanging ring and used for being hinged with the first bottom door/the second bottom door.

13. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 12, wherein: the connecting rod component comprises a connecting rod and an adjusting rod, the first end of the connecting rod is hinged to the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, the second end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the first end of the adjusting rod, and the hanging ring is arranged at the second end of the adjusting rod.

14. A railroad hopper car as set forth in any one of claims 1-10, wherein: the first bottom door and the second bottom door are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure, and both comprise a hinged inclined plate and a material supporting inclined plate which are fixedly connected, the hinged edge is positioned on the hinged inclined plate, more than 2 hinged seats are arranged on the hinged edge, and the first bottom door and the second bottom door are hinged with the hopper through the hinged seats; the area of the material supporting inclined plate is larger than that of the hinged inclined plate, and the inclination angle of the material supporting inclined plate relative to the horizontal plane is smaller than that of the hinged inclined plate relative to the horizontal plane.

15. A railroad hopper car as set forth in any one of claims 1-10, wherein: the railway hopper wagon also comprises an opening and closing driving device, and the opening and closing driving device is fixedly connected with the driving shaft; the opening and closing driving device is a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is arranged on the driving shaft;

or the opening and closing driving device comprises a power source, a speed reducer, a transmission shaft and a driving transmission mechanism which are sequentially connected, and a torque output end of the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft; the power source is a hand wheel or a motor;

or the opening and closing driving device comprises an air cylinder and a driving connecting rod assembly, wherein the torque input end of the driving connecting rod assembly is hinged to the piston of the air cylinder, and the torque output end of the driving connecting rod assembly is fixedly connected with the driving shaft.

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