CN113500832B - 一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网 - Google Patents

一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网 Download PDF

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CN113500832B
CN113500832B CN202110516029.5A CN202110516029A CN113500832B CN 113500832 B CN113500832 B CN 113500832B CN 202110516029 A CN202110516029 A CN 202110516029A CN 113500832 B CN113500832 B CN 113500832B
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吕菲菲
韩东才
刘华
赵奎利
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Haoyang Environmental Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网，该防淤堵型三维复合排水网，包括网芯，和固设于网芯两侧的无纺土工织物，所述无纺土工织物通过聚丙烯纤维铺网针刺而成，其中，制备聚丙烯纤维时，以聚丙烯树脂为基体，并加入0.8‑1.0％基体质量的载银沸石、0.5％‑0.8％基体质量的光稳定剂和0.4‑0.6％基体质量的降温母粒，所述光稳定剂为带有‑NH基团的受阻胺稳定剂。该三维复合排水网具有优异的抗菌效果，改善了其生物淤堵情况；通过不同旦数纤维的层叠铺设，改善了机械淤堵情况，保证了复合排水网较好的排水效果。

Description

一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网
技术领域
本发明涉及土工合成材料领域，尤其涉及一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网。
背景技术
三维复合排水网属于土工合成材料的一种，三维排水网的原材料是高密度聚乙烯，以圆形模头挤出工艺制成。三维排水网由三层筋肋组成，刚性大的一层筋肋以竖向方式排列，上下两层筋肋以交叉形式排列，三层筋肋组成三维结构网芯，形成纵向排列的排水通道，在土工网芯的两面都粘有针刺无纺土工织物，形成三维复合排水土工网。三维排水网芯选用硬度较高的高密度聚乙烯树脂，三维排水网芯的抗拉强度及抗压缩性能提高。两面粘附的无纺土工织物具有一定尺寸的孔隙可以防止导排液体中的大粒径物质进入三维排水网，堵塞排水网，降低其导排功能。三维复合排水网组合了土工布(反滤作用)和土工网(排水作用)的特性，提供完整的“反滤—排水”功效。
三维复合排水网的排水能力相当于级配砂砾排水层，粘附在高密度聚乙烯土工网芯两面的土工织物不会相互接触，使土工网芯能够维持畅通的排水能力。网芯的三根筋肋形成的排水通道，即使在长期高压荷载条件下也能保持非常高的排水性能。
三维复合排水网导排功能的实现是以三维排水网芯两侧粘附的无纺土工织物的良好反滤作用为前提，如果无纺土工织物的孔隙被淤堵，导排液体进入三维网芯受阻，则不利于顺利导排的实现。
针对这个问题，本发明提供了一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网，以降低土工织物的淤堵，提高三维复合排水网导排功能的实现。
发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足，提供了一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网，解决了现有技术中存在的难题。
本发明为解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网，包括网芯，和固设于网芯两侧的无纺土工织物，所述无纺土工织物通过聚丙烯纤维铺网针刺而成，其中，制备聚丙烯纤维时，以聚丙烯树脂为基体，并加入0.8-1.0％基体质量的载银沸石、0.5％-0.8％基体质量的光稳定剂和0.4-0.6％基体质量的降温母粒。其中，载银沸石和光稳定剂都可以起到抗菌剂的作用，除此之外，载银沸石的加入在制备聚丙烯纤维时，可以作为异相成核剂促进其结晶，提高纤维的强力，有利于提高其加工性能。所述光稳定剂为带有-NH基团的受阻胺稳定剂，其还具有一定的防老化作用。优选的，选用的光稳定剂的分子量在400g/mol-1000g/mol之间。可选GE-540或770牌号。
可选的，所述无纺土工织物由粗旦聚丙烯纤维和细旦聚丙烯纤维针刺而成。可以改善复合排水网机械淤堵的情况，以保证排水效果。
可选的，65mm时，粗旦纤维的旦数为8dtex-10dtex，细旦纤维的旦数为4.5dtex-6dtex。
可选的，在无纺土工织物制备时，先将粗旦纤维进行开松、铺网，铺网后不针刺，直接成卷；后将细旦纤维进行开松、铺网，在铺网的同时将粗旦纤维放卷，和细旦纤维同步进入针刺机，通过针刺将不同旦数的纤维层刺合在一起，实现无纺土工织物中粗旦纤维层和细旦纤维层的刺合。
可选的，所述无纺土工织物和所述网芯通过在线热复合制备而成。
所述无纺土工织物的细旦聚丙烯纤维层一侧与网芯热粘合固定。
本发明采用上述结构，所具有的优点是：
1、本申请三维复合排水网，在制备聚丙烯纤维时，通过载银沸石和光稳定剂的加入，使得其具有较优异的抗菌性能，能够改善其生物淤堵情况，从而保证较好的导排效果。
其中载银沸石的加入，还能够促进聚丙烯纤维的结晶，提高了其强度，从而提高了其可纺性，加工无纺土工织物更加具有优势。
其中光稳定剂的加入，还能够显著改善制备的无纺土工织物的耐老化效果，有利于延长其使用寿命。
2、本申请无纺土工织物通过粗旦聚丙烯纤维和细旦聚丙烯纤维针刺而成，可以显著改善无纺土工织物的机械淤堵情况，从而保证了三维复合排水网的排水效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种三维复合排水网的结构示意图。
图中，1、粗旦聚丙烯纤维，2、细旦聚丙烯纤维，3、网芯，4、抗菌剂。
具体实施方式
为能清楚说明本方案的技术特点，下面通过具体实施方式，并结合其附图，对本发明进行详细阐述。在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请，但是，本申请还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本申请的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
如图1所示，本申请提供了一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网，包括网芯3，和固设于网芯3两侧的无纺土工织物，所述无纺土工织物通过聚丙烯纤维铺网针刺而成，其中，制备聚丙烯纤维时，以聚丙烯树脂为基体，并加入0.8-1.0％基体质量的载银沸石、0.5％-0.8％基体质量的光稳定剂和0.4-0.6％基体质量的降温母粒。加入载银沸石不仅可做抗菌剂4，还可以在制备聚丙烯纤维过程中促进其结晶，提高纤维强度，使得其可纺性较强。加入光稳定剂，可延缓无纺土工织物老化，同时，其还具有一定的抗菌效果可作抗菌剂。
具体制备聚丙烯纤维时，载银沸石、光稳定剂和降温母粒是通过小的计量泵同时加入聚丙烯树脂中，共混均匀后进入喂料斗，之后制备聚丙烯纤维。
其中，光稳定剂选择带有-NH基团的受阻胺稳定剂；优选的，选择分子量在400g/mol-1000g/mol之间的，例如，可选择GE-540或770牌号。
其中，无纺土工织物由粗旦聚丙烯纤维1和细旦聚丙烯纤维2针刺而成，65mm时，粗旦纤维的旦数为8dtex-10dtex，细旦纤维的旦数为4.5dtex-6dtex。在无纺土工织物制备时，先将粗旦纤维进行开松、铺网，铺网后不针刺，直接成卷；后将细旦纤维进行开松、铺网，在铺网的同时将粗旦纤维放卷，和细旦纤维同步进入针刺机，通过针刺将不同旦数的纤维层刺合在一起，实现无纺土工织物中粗旦纤维层和细旦纤维层的刺合。
按照以上方法制备实施例1-6的聚丙烯纤维和无纺土工织物。实施例7-10根据需要做适应性调整，其中，实施例1-3、6-8的光稳定剂采用770牌号。实施例1-10对应的聚丙烯纤维的实验数据见表1。
表1实施例1-10制备聚丙烯纤维和无纺土工织物的实验数据
Figure BDA0003062163160000041
Figure BDA0003062163160000051
1、抗菌性测试
根据标准WS/T 650-2019标准，将实施例1-6、9-10制备的无纺土工织物按照标准中的抗菌实验方法分别对大肠杆菌(微生物1)、金黄色葡萄球菌(微生物2)和芽孢杆菌(微生物3)三种微生物进行抗菌实验及结果评价(杀菌率小于90％，无抗菌性；杀菌率大于90％，有抗菌性)，评价结果见表2。
表2实施例1-6、9-10无纺土工织物针对不同微生物的抗菌实验结果
Figure BDA0003062163160000052
通过表2实验结果可知，以微生物1为例，实验4和实验10制备的无纺土工织物的杀菌率低于90％，其无抗菌效果；实验1-3、5-8、9制备的无纺土工织物的杀菌率均高于90％，其具有抗菌效果，其中，实施例1-3、7-8无纺土工织物的抗菌效果显著,均在95％以上，尤其是实施例3，其杀菌率高于97％，具有较强的抗菌性；实施例5和实施例6无纺土工织物的抗菌效果，相比较实施例1-3有所下降；实施例9无纺土工织物的抗菌效果下降较为明显。
由实施例4和5对比可知，加入载银沸石制备的无纺土工织物具有一定的抗菌效果，其中载银沸石的抗菌机理为：银离子为重金属离子，加入后会破坏微生物结构，使其蛋白质变性，最终导致微生物凋敝。
由实施例4和6对比可知，加入本申请光稳定剂制备的无纺土工织物具有一定的抗菌效果，其中，光稳定剂的作用机理为：带有-NH基团的受阻胺光稳定剂为碱性，微生物表面呈酸性，两者结合会破坏微生物细胞膜表面结构，使得微生物细胞中的钾离子、DNA等物质泄露，从而使得其凋敝。
由实施例6和9对比可知，加入的光稳定的分子量过大时，会影响其抗菌性，这是因为分子量较大的光稳定剂向纤维表面迁移的能力下降，纤维表面碱性物质的浓度降低，不利于发挥其抗菌效果。
由实施例6和10对比可知，水杨酸酯类稳定剂并不具备抗菌效果。
2、耐老化效果
根据国标GB/T31899-2015标准，在340nm波长的紫外灯照射下，累计照射200h时间，其他实验条件按照该国标实验条件2，循环7个周期测定。实施例1-8对应的无纺土工织物力学性能的保留率见表3。
表3实施例1-10对应无纺土工织物的力学性能保留率
Figure BDA0003062163160000061
Figure BDA0003062163160000071
通过表3实验结果可知，实施例4和实施例5不含有光稳定剂，其无纺土工织物的在实验后，其拉伸强度保留率最低，即耐老化效果最差。含有光稳定的实施例1-3和实施例6-8的无纺土工织物，实验后的拉伸强度保留率相比实施例4-5具有一定程度的增加，表明光稳定剂耐老化效果较好。
3、机械淤堵性能测试
通过梯度比GR来评价无纺土工布防淤堵效果。具体的，以市场上一款普通排水网用200g/m2无纺土工布作为对比组，同时对实施例3、7-8的无纺土工织物进行GB计算，实验结果见表4。
表4实施例3、7-8以及对比组无纺土工织物的防淤堵性能测试
序号 梯度比GR
实施例3 1.8
实施例7 2.2
实施例8 2.3
对比组 2.7
通过表4实验结果可知，市场购买的无纺土工织物，其梯度比最大，对应的机械防淤堵效果最差；本申请实施例3、7、8均优于市场的无纺土工织物，尤其是采用不同纤度的细旦纤维和粗旦纤维错层铺设的无纺土工织物比市场上只用同一种纤度纤维制备的无纺土工织物具有更低的梯度比，防淤堵效果得到显著提高。
综上可知，本申请三维复合排水网所需的无纺土工织物，由加入载银沸石和光稳定制备的聚丙烯纤维来制备，其耐老化效果好、抗菌性能优异，且通过采用不同纤度的细旦纤维和粗旦纤维错层铺设无纺土工织物，显著提高了其机械防淤堵效果，从而显著提高了三维复合排水网的导排能力。
上述具体实施方式不能作为对本发明保护范围的限制，对于本领域技术领域的技术人员来说，对本发明实施方式所做出的任何替代改进或变换均落在本发明的保护范围内。本发明未详述之处，均为本技术领域技术人员公知技术。

Claims (2)

1.一种防淤堵型三维复合排水网，包括网芯，和固设于网芯两侧的无纺土工织物，其特征在于，所述无纺土工织物通过聚丙烯纤维铺网针刺而成，其中，制备聚丙烯纤维时，以聚丙烯树脂为基体，并加入1.0％基体质量的载银沸石、0.8％基体质量的光稳定剂和0.6％基体质量的降温母粒；
所述光稳定剂为带有-NH基团的受阻胺稳定剂；
所述光稳定剂的分子量在400g/mol-1000g/mol之间；
所述无纺土工织物由粗旦聚丙烯纤维和细旦聚丙烯纤维针刺而成；
65mm时，粗旦纤维的旦数为8dtex-10dtex，细旦纤维的旦数为4 .5dtex-6dtex；
所述无纺土工织物的杀菌性能高于95%，拉伸强度保留率为90%，防淤堵梯度比为1.8；
在无纺土工织物制备时，先将粗旦纤维进行开松、铺网，铺网后不针刺，直接成卷；后将细旦纤维进行开松、铺网，在铺网的同时将粗旦纤维放卷，和细旦纤维同步进入针刺机，通过针刺将不同旦数的纤维层刺合在一起，实现无纺土工织物中粗旦纤维层和细旦纤维层的刺合；
所述无纺土工织物的细旦聚丙烯纤维层一侧与网芯热粘合固定。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防淤堵型三维复合排水网，其特征在于，所述无纺土工织物和所述网芯通过在线热复合制备而成。
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