CN113499802A - 一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其按照质量份包括以下原料:纳米二氧化钛1‑9份、复合菌剂1‑5份、载体2‑10份、石墨烯1‑5份、包埋剂1‑5份、纳米氧化锌1‑4份,硝酸镧1‑2份等。本发明还公开了一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:S1、制备混合溶液;S2、得到得到悬浮液;S3、保留沉淀物;S4、载体表面上形成氧化镍;S5、最终得到可以实现自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,可悬浮于水中,在自然光照下随水流动,抗生素在催化剂表面发生氧化反应,降解为无生物毒性、易降解的小分子有机物或者直接矿化,催化剂通过滤膜或者气浮回收,污水进入生物处理工段,进一步处理,低成本,高效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化剂技术领域,具体涉及一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂;本发明还涉及一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法。
背景技术
抗生素污水是一种高毒性,高浓度的有机废水,含有高浓度的硫酸盐和各种抑制剂,碳氮比低,主要由净化废水发酵液组成。抗生素废水含有大量的有机物质,一些固体物质悬浮在水中,水分被释放到天然水中后被氧气除去,水分被剥夺了氧气,水的自净功能受损,富营养化最终会使水变质并导致污染。抗生素残留水的颜色高,酸碱值波动也很不易控制。它是最难处理的有毒废水之一。抗生素污水处理后COD(10-80g/L)和SS(0.5-25g/L)较高,硫酸盐浓度,表面活性剂等生物屏障高浓度的酸,碱,有机溶剂等,废水中残留和中间抗生素的浓度较高。
抗生素制药废水含有介导的代谢物,高浓度的酸,碱,有机溶剂和其他物质。废物容器可以通过微生物或抑制微生物最小化。在发酵过程或提取过程中,将添加有机或无机材料,因为生产过程中释放的残留物,残留的抗生素及其降解产物溶解在废水中,当这些物质达到一定浓度时,就会阻碍微生物的进入。
目前抗生素废水的处理方法有物理法、化学法、生物法以及多种方法的组合工艺。物化技术以及生物技术存在降解不彻底等缺陷,而高级催化氧化法例如Fenton虽然能处理一些难降解的废水,但是二价铁的存在导致了二次污染;臭氧催化技术无二次污染等问题,但是成本较高,难以实现大规模应用。因此,寻求一个便宜高效的降解抗生素废水的方法已成为当务之急。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,通过本发明所述配合和制备方法,可以得到一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,将金属盐催化剂负载于石墨或细小载体,降解水中抗生素,使其成为为无生物毒性、易降解的小分子有机物或者直接矿化,低成本,高效率,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其按照质量份包括以下原料:纳米二氧化钛1-9份、复合菌剂1-5份、载体2-10份、石墨烯1-5份、包埋剂1-5份、纳米氧化锌1-4份,硝酸镧1-2份、硝酸铁2-3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1-2份和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1-4份。
其中,所述载体包括用金属组分(优选熔融金属组分)浸渍矾土,且所述载体能够容易地从现有的预先形成的矾土(也称为氧化铝)片料,粒料,挤出物,球形物等,以及它们的结合物制备,所述矾土是γ矾土,且为基本上纯净的γ矾土。
其中,所述的天然高分子材料为卡拉胶、海藻酸铵、交叉莱胶、琼脂的一种或几种。所述的有机合成高分子材料聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯乙二醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺的一种或几种。
其中,所述的复合菌剂由酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌组成的复合菌,所述酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌的菌数比为1:1-5:1-5:1-5。
其中,所述的催化剂包括的化学元素有N、M和Y,所述N为Li+、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+或Sr2 +;所述Y为Br-、I-、Cl-、CO3 2-、HCO3-、HSO4-或PO4 3-;所述M为La3+、La+、Ce4+、Ce3+或Ce+;O为O2-、CO3 2-或NO3-;沸点大于190℃的有机溶剂为单乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、碳酸酯或聚醚。
其中,所述催化剂为金属盐催化剂,其中金属盐催化剂中包括钒酸金属M盐,钒酸金属M盐的负载量为0~25wt%,且钒酸金属M盐优选为钒酸锰、钒酸铌中的一种或几种。
其中,所述金属盐催化剂包括金属铝酸盐,该金属铝酸盐可为II族铝酸盐,例如铝酸镁或铝酸钙,和/或可包含过渡金属铝酸盐,例如铝酸镍。
一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将原料纳米二氧化钛、复合菌剂、载体、石墨烯、包埋剂、纳米氧化锌,硝酸镧、硝酸铁、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶于水中,使得水中铁和锌离子总量为0.8-1.12mmol,加入硝酸钠使得所述硝酸钠浓度为0.05~0.15mol/L,随后加入0.98~1.02mL质量分数为30%的H2O2,并在室温下搅拌均匀,用浓度为400mg/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至7-8,得到混合溶液;
S2、得到的混合溶液转移至塔式反应器中,在115-125℃下反应15-18.5小时,得到悬浮液;
S3、得到的悬浮液用无水乙醇洗涤2-4次,并进行离心分离,离心的转速为6000-10000rpm/min,时间为5-10min,保留沉淀物;
S4、将步骤S3保留的沉淀物在≥40℃的温度下用包含醋酸镍的溶液浸渍包含金属铝酸盐的煅烧的载体并干燥浸渍过的载体,且载体的表面上形成氧化镍;
S5、将步骤S4得到的催化剂载体在N2气氛保护下进行煅烧,煅烧时的升温速率为1-3℃/min,煅烧的温度为200-800℃,时间为3-6小时,最终得到可以实现自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂。
其中,所述步骤S2中的塔式反应器为鼓泡塔反应器。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明中,采用γ矾土作为制备金属铝酸盐催化剂载体的起始材料,且矾土是γ矾土片剂或挤出物粒料或球,将金属盐催化剂负载于γ矾土片剂或挤出物粒料或球的表面,可悬浮于水中,在自然光照下随水流动,抗生素在催化剂表面发生氧化反应,降解为无生物毒性、易降解的小分子有机物或者直接矿化,催化剂通过滤膜或者气浮回收,污水进入生物处理工段,进一步处理,低成本,高效率;
本发明中,在催化剂内添加了放线菌,放线菌能够产生多种酶类和维生素,能有分解多种有机物,而光合细菌厌氧光照、好氧光照或好氧黑暗的条件下都能利用有机酸、小分子脂肪酸、氨基酸、糖类等有技术繁殖,具有固氮、固碳、脱氢降解亚硝酸盐等机能,芽孢杆菌可分解多种有机质,本申请将多种微生物菌复合,对废水中的抗生素等有机物分解效果好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施方式的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施方式中的附图,对本发明实施方式中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施方式是本发明一部分实施方式,而不是全部的实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施方式的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施方式。基于本发明中的实施方式,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了如图1所示的一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其按照质量份包括以下原料:纳米二氧化钛1-9份、复合菌剂1-5份、载体2-10份、石墨烯1-5份、包埋剂1-5份、纳米氧化锌1-4份,硝酸镧1-2份、硝酸铁2-3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1-2份和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1-4份,所述复合菌剂内含有放线菌,所述放线菌能够产生多种酶类和维生素,能有分解多种有机物,而光合细菌厌氧光照、好氧光照或好氧黑暗的条件下都能利用有机酸、小分子脂肪酸、氨基酸、糖类等有技术繁殖。
所述载体包括用金属组分(优选熔融金属组分)浸渍矾土,且所述载体能够容易地从现有的预先形成的矾土(也称为氧化铝)片料,粒料,挤出物,球形物等,以及它们的结合物制备。随后干燥和高温煅烧的方法所制备的金属铝酸盐催化剂载体,所述矾土是γ矾土,且为基本上纯净的γ矾土,(含有少量的其它成分),作为制备金属铝酸盐催化剂载体的起始材料。该起始矾土能够通过现有技术中已知的任何方式或方法来制备。作为一个例子,用于根据这里所公开的本发明方法制备金属铝酸盐催化剂载体的合适的商购起始矾土是γ矾土片剂或挤出物粒料或球。
所述的天然高分子材料为卡拉胶、海藻酸铵、交叉莱胶、琼脂的一种或几种。所述的有机合成高分子材料聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯乙二醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺的一种或几种。
所述的复合菌剂由酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌组成的复合菌,所述酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌的菌数比为1:1-5:1-5:1-5。放线菌有固氮、固碳、脱氢降解亚硝酸盐等机能,芽孢杆菌可分解多种有机质,将大分子物质分解成小分子物质等功能,酵母菌细胞大,代谢旺盛、耐酸、耐高压、耐高浓度的有机物,可快速降低水中的CAD值,本发明将多种微生物菌复合,对废水中的抗生素等有机物分解效果好。
所述的催化剂包括的化学元素有N、M和Y,所述N为Li+、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+或Sr2+;所述Y为Br-、I-、Cl-、CO3 2-、HCO3-、HSO4-或PO4 3-;所述M为La3+、La+、Ce4+、Ce3+或Ce+;O为O2-、CO3 2-或NO3-;沸点大于190℃的有机溶剂为单乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、碳酸酯或聚醚。
所述催化剂为金属盐催化剂,其中金属盐催化剂中包括钒酸金属M盐,钒酸金属M盐的负载量为0~25wt%(以钒酸金属M盐计,但不为0),且钒酸金属M盐优选为钒酸锰、钒酸铌中的一种或几种,所述金属盐催化剂包括金属铝酸盐,该金属铝酸盐可为II族铝酸盐,例如铝酸镁或铝酸钙,和/或可包含过渡金属铝酸盐,例如铝酸镍。
本发明还提供一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、将原料纳米二氧化钛1份、复合菌剂1份、载体2.5份、石墨烯1份、包埋剂1份、纳米氧化锌1份,硝酸镧1份、硝酸铁1份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1份和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1份溶于水中,使得水中铁和锌离子总量为0.8-1.12mmol,加入硝酸钠使得所述硝酸钠浓度为0.05~0.15mol/L,随后加入0.98~1.02mL质量分数为30%的H2O2,并在室温下搅拌均匀,用浓度为400mg/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至7-8,得到混合溶液;
S2、得到的混合溶液转移至塔式反应器中,在115-125℃下反应15-18.5小时,得到悬浮液,所述步骤S2中的塔式反应器为鼓泡塔反应器;
S3、得到的悬浮液用无水乙醇洗涤2-4次,并进行离心分离,离心的转速为6000-10000rpm/min,时间为5-10min,保留沉淀物;
S4、将步骤S3保留的沉淀物在≥40℃的温度下用包含醋酸镍的溶液浸渍包含金属铝酸盐的煅烧的载体并干燥浸渍过的载体,且载体的表面上形成氧化镍;
S5、将步骤S4得到的催化剂载体在N2气氛保护下进行煅烧,煅烧时的升温速率为1-3℃/min,煅烧的温度为200-800℃,时间为3-6小时,最终得到可以实现自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂。
实施例2
与实施例1不同的是,一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法包括:
S1、将原料纳米二氧化钛3份、复合菌剂2份、载体4份、石墨烯2份、包埋剂2份、纳米氧化锌2份,硝酸镧1.5份、硝酸铁2份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮2份和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺2份溶于水中,使得水中铁和锌离子总量为0.8-1.12mmol,加入硝酸钠使得所述硝酸钠浓度为0.05~0.15mol/L,随后加入0.98~1.02mL质量分数为30%的H2O2,并在室温下搅拌均匀,用浓度为400mg/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至7-8,得到混合溶液。
实施例3
与实施例1不同的是,一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法:
S1、将原料纳米二氧化钛4份、复合菌剂3份、载体5份、石墨烯3份、包埋剂3份、纳米氧化锌3份,硝酸镧2份、硝酸铁3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮2份和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺3份溶于水中,使得水中铁和锌离子总量为0.8-1.12mmol,加入硝酸钠使得所述硝酸钠浓度为0.05~0.15mol/L,随后加入0.98~1.02mL质量分数为30%的H2O2,并在室温下搅拌均匀,用浓度为400mg/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至7-8,得到混合溶液。
实施例4
与实施例1不同的是,一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法:
S1、将原料纳米二氧化钛7份、复合菌剂4份、载体8份、石墨烯5份、包埋剂5份、纳米氧化锌4份,硝酸镧2份、硝酸铁3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮2份和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺4份溶于水中,使得水中铁和锌离子总量为0.8-1.12mmol,加入硝酸钠使得所述硝酸钠浓度为0.05~0.15mol/L,随后加入0.98~1.02mL质量分数为30%的H2O2,并在室温下搅拌均匀,用浓度为400mg/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至7-8,得到混合溶液。
实施例5
与实施例1不同的是,一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法:
S1、将原料纳米二氧化钛9份、复合菌剂5份、载体10份、石墨烯5份、包埋剂5份、纳米氧化锌4份,硝酸镧2份、硝酸铁3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮2份和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺4份溶于水中,使得水中铁和锌离子总量为0.8-1.12mmol,加入硝酸钠使得所述硝酸钠浓度为0.05~0.15mol/L,随后加入0.98~1.02mL质量分数为30%的H2O2,并在室温下搅拌均匀,用浓度为400mg/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至7-8,得到混合溶液。
本发明提供的自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂各组份及各组分质量份数配比具体实施例数据如下表:
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
Claims (9)
1.一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其特征在于:其按照质量份包括以下原料:纳米二氧化钛1-9份、复合菌剂1-5份、载体2-10份、石墨烯1-5份、包埋剂1-5份、纳米氧化锌1-4份,硝酸镧1-2份、硝酸铁2-3份、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮1-2份和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺1-4份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其特征在于:所述载体包括用金属组分(优选熔融金属组分)浸渍矾土,且所述载体能够容易地从现有的预先形成的矾土(也称为氧化铝)片料,粒料,挤出物,球形物等,以及它们的结合物制备。所述矾土是γ矾土,且为基本上纯净的γ矾土。
3.根据权利要求2所述的自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的天然高分子材料为卡拉胶、海藻酸铵、交叉莱胶、琼脂的一种或几种。所述的有机合成高分子材料聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯乙二醇、聚丙烯酸、聚丙烯酰胺的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的复合菌剂由酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌组成的复合菌,所述酵母菌、放线菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌的菌数比为1:1-5:1-5:1-5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的催化剂包括的化学元素有N、M和Y,所述N为Li+、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+或Sr2+;所述Y为Br-、I-、Cl-、CO3 2-、HCO3-、HSO4-或PO4 3-;所述M为La3+、La+、Ce4+、Ce3+或Ce+;O为O2-、CO3 2-或NO3-;沸点大于190℃的有机溶剂为单乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、碳酸酯或聚醚。
6.根据权利要求1所述的自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其特征在于:所述催化剂为金属盐催化剂,其中金属盐催化剂中包括钒酸金属M盐,钒酸金属M盐的负载量为0~25wt%,且钒酸金属M盐优选为钒酸锰、钒酸铌中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂,其特征在于:所述金属盐催化剂包括金属铝酸盐,该金属铝酸盐可为II族铝酸盐,例如铝酸镁或铝酸钙,和/或可包含过渡金属铝酸盐,例如铝酸镍。
8.一种根据权利要求1所述的自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、将原料纳米二氧化钛、复合菌剂、载体、石墨烯、包埋剂、纳米氧化锌,硝酸镧、硝酸铁、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶于水中,使得水中铁和锌离子总量为0.8-1.12mmol,加入硝酸钠使得所述硝酸钠浓度为0.05~0.15mol/L,随后加入0.98~1.02mL质量分数为30%的H2O2,并在室温下搅拌均匀,用浓度为400mg/L的NaOH溶液调节pH至7-8,得到混合溶液;
S2、得到的混合溶液转移至塔式反应器中,在115-125℃下反应15-18.5小时,得到悬浮液;
S3、得到的悬浮液用无水乙醇洗涤2-4次,并进行离心分离,离心的转速为6000-10000rpm/min,时间为5-10min,保留沉淀物;
S4、将步骤S3保留的沉淀物在≥40℃的温度下用包含醋酸镍的溶液浸渍包含金属铝酸盐的煅烧的载体并干燥浸渍过的载体,且载体的表面上形成氧化镍;
S5、将步骤S4得到的催化剂载体在N2气氛保护下进行煅烧,煅烧时的升温速率为1-3℃/min,煅烧的温度为200-800℃,时间为3-6小时,最终得到可以实现自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种自然光驱动降解水中抗生素的催化剂的制备方法其特征在于:所述步骤S2中的塔式反应器为鼓泡塔反应器。
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