CN113498780A - 一种高效诱控梨小食心虫的膏剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高效诱控梨小食心虫的膏剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113498780A
CN113498780A CN202110686475.0A CN202110686475A CN113498780A CN 113498780 A CN113498780 A CN 113498780A CN 202110686475 A CN202110686475 A CN 202110686475A CN 113498780 A CN113498780 A CN 113498780A
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vinegar
wine
sugar
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于丽辰
刘金利
李立涛
贺丽敏
焦蕊
许长新
张林林
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Changli Institute Of Pomology Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
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Abstract

本发明属于果树病虫害防治技术领域,具体涉及是一种高效诱控梨小食心虫的膏剂,制备所述膏剂的原料中包括糖、酒、醋、水、甘油、对羟基甲酸甲酯和大分子物料;所述大分子物料为羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、卡拉胶或琼脂中的一种或几种。本发明所述膏剂诱捕率稳定、效果显著、持续期长,在使用60天后依然保持稳定的膏体状态,依然可持续地发挥作用。而且本发明所述的膏剂制备方法简单,成本低廉,在果园中使用减少了农药用量,避免了环境污染,有利于进行大规模地推广应用。

Description

一种高效诱控梨小食心虫的膏剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于果树病虫害防治技术领域,具体涉及是一种高效诱控梨小食心虫的膏剂。
背景技术
梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta Busck),属鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),小卷叶蛾科(Tortricidae),常年以钻蛀核果类桃、樱桃、杏春季新梢和危害仁果类苹果、梨等成熟果实为主。由于幼虫钻蛀取食危害、越冬场所之隐蔽,其他虫态暴露在外边的虫态时间短,在防治上给果农带来很大的困难,造成果品质量严重下降。目前,梨小食心虫防控手段仍是以化学农药防治为主,导致果实农药残留量超标、果品品质下滑、果园害虫有增无减、害虫抗药性增强、天敌数量聚减、果园生态系统平衡严重破坏等一系列弊端。糖醋液作为一种广谱性引诱剂,是果园无毒无公害的有效防治手段,对雌雄成虫均能引诱,其,应用前景广阔。但糖醋液引诱剂在田间易蒸发,浓度易改变,严重影响了防治效果。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供一种可有效诱控梨小食心虫同时还能防止糖醋液蒸发的糖酒醋膏剂。
制备所述膏剂的原料中包括糖、酒、醋、水、甘油、对羟基甲酸甲酯和大分子物料;
所述大分子物料为羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、卡拉胶或琼脂中的一种或几种。
本发明发现,选择对羟基甲酸甲酯、甘油和上述大分子物料与糖酒液混合,有利于形成理想的膏状同时在杀虫方面与糖酒液取得协同的效果,可有效地防止糖醋液的蒸发,长时间保持湿润的膏体状态,有效地实现对梨小食心虫的诱捕,而且研究中发现,仅羟基甲酸甲酯和甘油与上述大分子物料混合的过程中有利于形成良好的膏状,若将羟基甲酸甲酯或甘油替换为其他物料或减少其中的一种或两种,均无法取得理想的效果。
优选的,所述醋、糖、酒和水的质量比为1:2~4:2~4:75~85。
优选的,所述甘油的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为0.14~0.17:100;
优选的,所述对羟基甲酸甲酯的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为0.08~0.12:100。
优选的,所述羧甲基纤维素钠的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为8~12:100;
优选的,所述黄原胶与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为8~12:100:
优选的,所述卡拉胶与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为90~110:100;
优选的,所述琼脂与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为18~22:100。
在上述比例范围内可形成理想的膏剂状态,有利于糖酒液长期地发挥作用。
作为优选的方案,所述膏剂中包括糖、酒、醋、水、甘油、对羟基甲酸甲酯和羧甲基纤维素钠或黄原胶;所述醋、糖、酒和水的质量比为1:3:3:80;所述甘油的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为0.15:100;所述对羟基甲酸甲酯的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为0.1:100;所述羧甲基纤维素钠或黄原胶的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为8~12:100。
上述配方下膏剂的状态和对虫的诱捕能力可达到最佳。
本发明另一方面提供本发明所述膏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将糖、醋、酒和水混合,加热,至物料全部溶解;
2)向上述物料中添加羧甲基纤维素钠和甘油,搅拌均匀,然后添加大分子物料调搅拌均匀成膏状。
本发明另一方面提供本发明所述膏剂的应用,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将所述膏剂涂抹为厚度2-3cm,长度3-5cm,置于诱捕器中。
本发明具有如下有益效果:
1)本发明所述膏剂诱捕率稳定、效果显著、持续期长,在使用60天后依然保持稳定的膏体状态,依然可持续地发挥作用。
2)本发明所述的膏剂制备方法简单,成本低廉,在果园中使用减少了农药用量,避免了环境污染,有利于进行大规模地推广应用。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
本实施例涉及一种诱捕梨小食心虫的膏剂,包括如下重量份的组分:
高度高粱白酒(56°)3g,红糖3g,醋(含酸>6%)1g,水80g,对羟基甲酸甲酯0.087g、甘油0.13g和羧甲基纤维素钠8.7g。
本发明所述膏剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
1)将糖、醋、酒和水混合,加热,至物料全部溶解;
2)向上述物料中添加羧甲基纤维素钠和甘油,搅拌均匀,然后向所述膏剂中添加大分子物料调搅拌均匀成膏状。
实施例2
本实施例也涉及一种诱捕梨小食心虫的膏剂,与实施例1相比,其区别仅在于,所述将所述羧甲基纤维素钠替换为8.7g黄原胶。
实施例3
本实施例也涉及一种诱捕梨小食心虫的膏剂,与实施例1相比,其区别仅在于,所述将所述羧甲基纤维素钠替换为87g卡拉胶。
实施例4
本实施例也涉及一种诱捕梨小食心虫的膏剂,与实施例1相比,其区别仅在于,所述将所述羧甲基纤维素钠替换为17.4g琼脂。
实施例5
本实施例也涉及一种诱捕梨小食心虫的膏剂,与实施例1相比,其区别仅在于,所述醋糖酒的的质量为1:4:2:75。
对比例1
与实施例1相比,其区别在于,不添加甘油,仅添加对羟基甲酸甲酯、羧甲基纤维素钠和糖酒液;
对比例2
本实施例仅涉及糖酒液,其配方为将糖:醋:酒:水按3:1:3:80的比例进行混合配制引诱液。
实验例
1.试验地概况
试验区位于河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所施各庄植保室基地,土壤为壤土。试验区地势、地貌、土质等自然条件基本一致,试验梨品种为‘黄冠’,盛果期,株行距为2m×4m。
2.试验材料
诱捕器选用北京中捷四方三角型诱捕器。
3.试验方法
将实施例和对比例糖酒醋膏剂放在诱捕器上的粘板中间,将诱捕器悬挂在被梨小食心虫危害的梨园,诱捕器悬挂在在距地面1.6m,每个诱捕器相隔50m左右,每隔7天进行一次统计,每次调查对诱捕蛾用镊子夹出,调查60天,在第60天再次进行统计,第60天结果如表1。
4.结果与分析
表1不同基质配方诱杀梨小食心虫效果
Figure BDA0003124902400000051
从表中可以看出,实施例1和实施例2在田间保湿效果较好,在使用60天后依然呈现润湿的膏状,实施例3和4田间出现膏剂干硬且出现干燥裂纹,CK(糖醋液)田间蒸发较快现象。在不同配方诱捕梨小食心虫成虫数量分析得出,不同的糖酒醋膏剂配方均对梨小有引诱作用,配方(1)诱蛾平均数量显著高于其他配方,不同配方平均诱捕梨小食心虫(头)分别为:117、78.33、71.67、69.67、22.67。实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和实施例4差异不显著,实施例1与ck形成差异显著,而且对比例1中不添加甘油膏剂的保湿效果和捕虫效果也会明显地变差。不同配方对处理区域果园的蛀果率分析,不同配方都降低了梨小食心虫对果实的蛀果率,实施例1效果优于实施例2~4和仅使用糖酒液的空白对照配方。综合上述分析,实施例1的膏剂效果最优,实施例2效果其次,上述方案具有引诱时间延长,引诱效果明显增强和稳定,绿色环保,诱杀率高,特异性强、成本低、易于推广应用。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明、具体实施方式及试验,对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种高效诱控梨小食心虫的膏剂,其特征在于,制备所述膏剂的原料中包括糖、酒、醋、水、甘油、对羟基甲酸甲酯和大分子物料;
所述大分子物料为羧甲基纤维素钠、黄原胶、卡拉胶或琼脂中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的膏剂,其特征在于,所述醋、糖、酒和水的质量比为1:2~4:2~4:75~85。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的膏剂,其特征在于,所述甘油的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为0.14~0.17:100;
和/或,所述对羟基甲酸甲酯的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为0.08~0.12:100。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的膏剂,其特征在于,
所述羧甲基纤维素钠的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为8~12:100;
和/或,所述黄原胶与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为8~12:100:
和/或,所述卡拉胶与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为90~110:100;
和或,所述琼脂与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为18~22:100。
5.根据权利要求1所述的膏剂,其特征在于,所述膏剂中包括糖、酒、醋、水、甘油、对羟基甲酸甲酯和羧甲基纤维素钠;
所述醋、糖、酒和水的质量比为1:3:3:80;
所述甘油的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为0.15:100;
所述对羟基甲酸甲酯的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为0.1:100;
所述羧甲基纤维素钠或黄原胶的添加量与所述醋、糖、酒和水的总质量之比为8~12:100。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述膏剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)将糖、醋、酒和水混合,加热,至物料全部溶解;
2)向上述物料中添加羧甲基纤维素钠和甘油,搅拌均匀,然后添加大分子物料调搅拌均匀成膏状。
7.权利要求1~5任一项所述膏剂的应用,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将所述膏剂涂抹为厚度2-3cm,长度3-5cm,置于诱捕器中。
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