CN113493557A - 硬质聚氨酯泡沫 - Google Patents

硬质聚氨酯泡沫 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN113493557A
CN113493557A CN202010194062.6A CN202010194062A CN113493557A CN 113493557 A CN113493557 A CN 113493557A CN 202010194062 A CN202010194062 A CN 202010194062A CN 113493557 A CN113493557 A CN 113493557A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
weight
component
polyurethane foam
rigid polyurethane
total weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202010194062.6A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
施灵
卢骅
李军
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Covestro Deutschland AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Covestro Deutschland AG filed Critical Covestro Deutschland AG
Priority to CN202010194062.6A priority Critical patent/CN113493557A/zh
Publication of CN113493557A publication Critical patent/CN113493557A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/65Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/66Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/6666Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
    • C08G18/667Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
    • C08G18/6674Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
    • C08G18/6677Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203 having at least three hydroxy groups
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B29/00Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
    • B32B29/002Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B29/007Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to a foam layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022Non-woven fabric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/245Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R13/0212Roof or head liners
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R13/0212Roof or head liners
    • B60R13/0231Roof or head liners specially adapted for roofs with openings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B60R13/0237Side or rear panels
    • B60R13/025Pillars; Roof rails
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3203Polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G18/3206Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48Polyethers
    • C08G18/4804Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101Glass fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02Organic
    • B32B2266/0214Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0278Polyurethane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/536Hardness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08Cars

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫及其在汽车内饰方面的用途。该聚氨酯泡沫通过包括组分多异氰酸酯、聚醚多元醇、交联剂及发泡剂等的反应体系反应制得。本发明的硬质聚氨酯泡沫具有良好的物理性能。

Description

硬质聚氨酯泡沫
技术领域
本发明涉及一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫、一种聚氨酯复合板及其在汽车内饰方面的用途。
背景技术
业内已知聚氨酯泡沫可以用来制造汽车内饰,例如车顶内衬、柱饰板的夹层结构等。然而,随着经济的迅速发展,人们对汽车、家私用品的舒适性要求日益提高。如今,汽车行业在对聚氨酯产品要求更低VOC挥发、低雾化和低气味的同时,对其物理性质亦有较高标准。但是,汽车行业对原材料的审批周期非常漫长,通常新的原材料很难被接受。怎样保证聚氨酯产品的低气味的同时,还提高其物理性质,是业内亟待解决的难题。
US4957944A公开了将含羟基胺类催化剂用于聚氨酯发泡体系以减小气味的方案。但该方案未能通过优化催化剂与其他原料的组合,同时达到聚氨酯泡沫好的物理性质和低气味。
CN103221445B公开了一种用于生产弹性软质聚氨酯泡沫的方法,所述泡沫在汽车应用的噪音和振动吸收应用中功能良好,它由多元醇掺合物(i)和异氰酸酯(ii)及自催化多元醇等制成。
CN106632952A公开了一种可热成型聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法,A组分包括聚醚多元醇,催化剂、发泡剂等,B组分为异氰酸酯组分;将A组分和B组分按1∶1~1.7,优选1∶1.55~1.65的质量比混合发泡即可得到本发明所述的可热成型聚氨酯泡沫。泡沫的玻璃化转变温度是160~170℃,在110~130℃的模具温度下具有好的热成型性,尤其是能够很好地适应形状各异的汽车顶篷的制备。
CN103635503B公开了一种低密度柔性聚氨酯泡沫体是包括至少一种多元醇和至少一种异氰酸酯(其包含至少50wt%的基于MDI的异氰酸酯)的反应体系的反应产物。该柔性聚氨酯泡沫体根据ASTM D3574-01所测定的密度为低于约33kg/m3,根据NBR8515:2003所测定的撕裂强度为大于约160N/m并且根据ASTM D-3574-H所测定的回弹率为至少45%。
尽管有以上公开,市场仍然急需具有更优良品质的、低气味的、高物理性质的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,以满足汽车、家私等行业的需求。
发明内容
本发明的一个方面,是提供一种制备具有>50体积%的开孔(根据DIN ISO 4590-86测量)硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法,所述方法为将包括如下组分的反应体系反应制得所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫:
组分A多异氰酸酯;
组分B,包括:
B1)甘油、蔗糖和/或三梨醇起始的,重均分子量为6000-7200g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选6300-7000g/mol,基于B1)总重量计EO含量为>15.0wt%,优选≥16.0wt%,特别优选17.0-25.0wt%的EO和/或PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为20-50wt%,优选30-45wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B2)甘油起始的,重均分子量为250-500g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选300-400g/mol,PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为25-50wt%,优选30-45wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B3)丙二醇起始的,重均分子量为300-500g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选350-430g/mol,PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为9-32wt%,优选21-29wt%,更优选22-29wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B4)含量为5-8wt%,基于组分B总重量计,的交联剂;所述交联剂优选甘油;
B5)含量为2-8wt%,优选3.5-6.6wt%,基于组分B总重量计,的发泡剂;所述发泡剂优选水。
优选的,本发明的组分A包括:
A1)基于组分A总重量计,0-10wt%,优选0.1-8wt%的2,2’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯;
A2)基于组分A总重量计,10-30wt%,优选15-25wt%的2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯;和
A3)基于组分A总重量计,25-75wt%,优选35-55wt%的4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。
优选的,所述组分B还包括B6)叔胺类催化剂,其含量为1.0-5.0wt%,优选1.8-3.0wt%,基于组分B总重量计。
优选的,所述聚氨酯反应体系还包括B7)0.1-2wt%,优选0.1-0.5wt%的硅油,基于组分B总重量计。
我们意外的发现,本发明的制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫的方法,由包含一定含量的特定聚醚多元醇(特别是B3组分)及与之相适应的其他组分的聚氨酯反应体系制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫,其各方面的物理性质,例如表面硬度、拉伸强度和断裂延伸率等均特别突出,其中,断裂延伸率尤其令人满意。
本发明的另一个方面,是提供一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫,由本发明的制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法制得。
优选的,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的拉伸断裂延伸率≥23.5%,优选≥24%,更优选≥25%(测试方法DIN-53455-1981)。
优选的,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的拉伸强度≥260Kpa,优选≥270Kpa(测试方法DIN-53455-1981)。
优选的,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的表面硬度>40.2Asker CS,优选≥41Asker CS(测试方法Asker CS)。
本发明的另一个方面,是提供一种聚氨酯复合板。包括两个面层和位于两面层之间的硬质聚氨酯泡沫层,其中所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫由本发明的制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法制得。
优选的,所述两个面层材料分别选自玻璃纤维、天然纤维、纸、热塑性薄膜和无纺布。
本发明的再一个方面,是提供一种制备聚氨酯复合板的方法,包括如下步骤:在预先准备好的两个面层的内表面或聚氨酯泡沫层的表面涂敷胶黏剂,将聚氨酯泡沫置于两个面层之间然后置于一模具内,在100-150℃温度下,合模30-50秒,得到聚氨酯复合板。
本发明的再一个方面,是一种将前述聚氨酯泡沫或聚氨酯复合板用于制造汽车内饰,特别是汽车顶内衬、天窗拉板和柱饰板的用途。
本发明的再一个方面,是提供一种聚氨酯产品,包括本发明所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
优选的,所述聚氨酯产品选自汽车内饰,优选汽车顶内衬、天窗拉板和柱饰板。
具体实施方案
现在对本发明的各方面进行详细说明。
本发明的第一个方面,是一种制备具有>50体积%开孔(根据DIN ISO 4590-86测量)的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法。所述方法为将包括如下组分的反应体系反应制得所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫:
组分A多异氰酸酯;
组分B,包括:
B1)甘油、蔗糖和/或三梨醇起始的,重均分子量为6000-7200g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选6300-7000g/mol,基于B1)总重量计EO含量为>15.0wt%,优选≥16.0wt%,特别优选17.0-25.0wt%的EO和/或PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为20-50wt%,优选30-45wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B2)甘油起始的,重均分子量为250-500g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选300-400g/mol,PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为25-50wt%,优选30-45wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B3)丙二醇起始的,重均分子量为300-500g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选350-430g/mol,PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为9-32wt%,优选21-29wt%,更优选22-29wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B4)交联剂,其含量为5-8wt%,基于组分B总重量计;所述交联剂优选甘油;
B5)发泡剂,其含量为2-8wt%,优选3.5-6.6wt%,基于组分B总重量计;所述发泡剂优选水。
聚氨酯反应体系各组分
多异氰酸酯组分
任何有机多异氰酸酯都可用于制备本发明的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,包括芳族、脂族和脂环族多异氰酸酯和它们的组合。所述多异氰酸酯可用通式R(NCO)n表示,其中R表示含2-18个碳原子的脂肪族烃基、含6-15个碳原子的芳烃基、含8-15个碳原子芳脂族烃基,n=2-4。
可用的多异氰酸酯包括,优选但不限于,乙烯基二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯(HDI)、十二烷基1,2-二异氰酸酯、环丁烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,3-二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、1-异氰酸酯基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸酯基甲基环己烷、六氢甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、六氢苯基-1,3-二异氰酸酯、六氢苯基-1,4-二异氰酸酯、全氢化-二苯甲烷2,4-二异氰酸酯、全氢化-二苯甲烷4,4-二异氰酸酯、亚苯基1,3-二异氰酸酯、亚苯基1,4-二异氰酸酯、二苯乙烯1,4-二异氰酸酯、3,3-二甲基4,4-二苯基二异氰酸酯、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、甲苯-2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯甲烷-2,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二苯甲烷-2,2’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二苯甲烷-4,4’-二异氰酸酯(MDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和/或具有更多环的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯同系物的混合物、多苯基甲烷多异氰酸酯(聚合MDI)、亚萘基-1,5-二异氰酸酯(NDI)、它们的异构体、它们与它们的异构体之间的任意混合物。
可用的多异氰酸酯,还包括用碳化二胺、脲基甲酸酯、或异氰酸酯改性所得的异氰酸酯,优选但不限于,二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、碳化二胺改性的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、它们的异构体、它们与它们的异构体之间的混合物。
当用于本发明时,多异氰酸酯包括异氰酸酯二聚体、三聚体、四聚体或其组合。
在本发明优选的实施例中,多异氰酸酯组分选用聚合MDI。
本发明的优选的实施例中,多异氰酸酯组分组分包括:A1)基于组分A总重量计,0-10wt%,优选0.1-8wt%的2,2’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯;A2)基于组分A总重量计,0-30wt%,优选10-25wt%的2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯;和A3)基于组分A总重量计,25-75wt%,优选35-55wt%的4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。
本发明的有机多异氰酸酯的NCO含量为20-33wt.%,优选25-32wt.%,特别优选30-32wt%。NCO含量通过GB/T 12009.4-2016测得。
有机多异氰酸酯还可以以多异氰酸酯预聚物形式使用。这些多异氰酸酯预聚物可以通过使过量的上述有机多异氰酸酯与具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性的基团的化合物在例如30-100℃,优选约80℃的温度下反应获得。本发明多异氰酸酯预聚物的NCO含量为20-33wt.%,优选25-32wt.%。NCO含量通过GB/T 12009.4-2016测得。
多元醇组分
本发明所述多元醇,优选多种聚醚多元醇和/或它们的混合物。其中至少一种聚醚多元醇是甘油起始的多元醇。聚醚多元醇的官能度为2-4,其羟值为20-600,优选50-500,特别优选300-400。
所述聚醚多元醇可以通过已知的工艺过程制备。通常是将环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷与乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、三乙醇胺、甲苯二胺、山梨醇和蔗糖混合,并以甘油或丙二醇为起始剂进行制备。
此外,所述聚醚多元醇还可以在催化剂的存在下通过将至少一种含有2-4个碳原子的亚烷基的烯烃氧化物与含有2-8个,优选但不限于,3-8个活泼氢原子的化合物或者其它反应性的化合物反应来制备。
所述催化剂的例子有碱金属氢氧化物如氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾,或碱金属的醇盐例如甲醇钠、乙醇钠或乙醇钾或异丙醇钾。
可用的烯烃氧化物包括,优选但不限于,四氢呋喃、环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、氧化苯乙烯及它们的任意混合物。
可用的含活泼氢原子的化合物包括多羟基化合物,优选但不限于,水、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、二甘醇、三羟甲基丙烷、它们的任意混合物,更优选多元、特别是三元或更多元醇,如丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇和蔗糖。可用的含活泼氢原子的化合物还包括,优选但不限于,有机二元羧酸如琥珀酸、己二酸、邻苯二甲酸和对苯二甲酸,或芳族或脂族取代的二胺如乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、丙二胺、丁二胺、己二胺或甲苯二胺。
当用于本发明时,术语“环氧烷化合物”通常是指具有如下通式(I):
Figure BDA0002416344370000071
其中R1和R2独立地选自H、C1-C6直链和支链烷基以及苯基和取代苯基。
优选的,R1和R2独立地选自H、甲基、乙基、丙基和苯基。
本领域技术人员已知“环氧烷化合物”的制备方法,例如其可以通过烯烃化合物的氧化反应获得。
可用作本发明的环氧烷化合物的实例包括但不限于:环氧乙烷、1,2-环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、2,3-环氧丁烷、氧化苯乙烯或它们的混合物,特别优选环氧乙烷与1,2-环氧丙烷的混合物。
当用于本发明时,术语“环氧烷化合物”还包括氧杂环烷烃,其实例包括但不限于:四氢呋喃和氧杂环丁烷。
当用于本发明时,所述“胺”是指含有伯氨基、仲氨基、叔氨基或其组合的化合物。可用作本发明的胺的化合物的实例包括但不限于三乙醇胺、乙二胺、甲苯二胺、二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺以及它们的衍生物,优选为乙二胺、甲苯二胺,特别优选甲苯二胺。
本发明聚氨酯泡沫反应体系多元醇组分包含如下聚醚多元醇:
B1)甘油、蔗糖和/或三梨醇起始的,重均分子量为6000-7200g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选6300-7000g/mol,基于B1)总重量计EO含量为>15.0wt%,优选≥16.0wt%,特别优选17.0-25.0wt%的EO和/或PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为20-50wt%,优选30-45wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B2)甘油起始的,重均分子量为250-500g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选300-400g/mol,PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为25-50wt%,优选30-45wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B3)丙二醇起始的,重均分子量为300-500g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选350-430g/mol,PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为9-32wt%,优选21-29wt%,更优选22-29wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
催化剂
本发明的催化剂优选叔胺类催化剂,所述叔胺类催化剂包括但不限于三乙基胺、三丁基胺、二甲基乙醇胺、双(二甲氨基乙基)醚、三亚乙基二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-乙二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、二甲氨基丙基撑二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基二丙烯三胺以及所述胺类催化剂的弱酸改性产物中的一种、两种或两种以上。其含量为1.0-5.0wt%,优选1.8-3.0wt%,基于组分B总重量计。
发泡剂
本发明所使用的发泡剂优选水,其含量为2-8wt%,优选3.5-6.6wt%,基于组分B总重量计。
交联剂
本发明含量为5-8wt%,基于组分B总重量计的交联剂;所述交联剂优选甘油。
表面活性剂
本发明所选用的表面活性剂优选硅油,其含量为0.1-2wt%,优选0.1-0.5wt%的硅油,基于组分B总重量计。
意外的,经过反复实验,我们发现,本发明的包括一定含量的特定的聚醚多元醇(例如B3组分),以及与之相适应的其他组分的聚氨酯反应体系,可以提高聚氨酯泡沫的多方面物理性质,尤其是其断裂延伸率。
本发明的第二个方面,是提供一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫,由本发明的制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法制得。
优选的,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的断裂延伸率≥23.5%,优选≥24%,更优选≥25%(测试方法DIN-53455-1981)。
优选的,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的拉伸强度≥260Kpa,优选≥270Kpa(测试方法DIN-53455-1981)。
优选的,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的表面硬度>40.2Asker CS,优选≥41Asker CS(测试方法Asker CS)。
本发明的再一个方面,是提供一种聚氨酯复合板。包括两个面层和位于两面层之间的硬质聚氨酯泡沫层,其中所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫由本发明的制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法制得。
优选的,所述两个面层材料分别选自玻璃纤维、天然纤维、纸、热塑性薄膜和无纺布。
本发明的再一个方面,是提供一种制备聚氨酯复合板的方法,包括如下步骤:在预先准备好的两个面层的内表面或聚氨酯泡沫层的表面涂敷胶黏剂,将聚氨酯泡沫置于两个面层之间然后置于一模具内,在100-150℃温度下,合模30-50秒,得到聚氨酯复合板。
本发明的再一个方面,是一种将前述聚氨酯泡沫或聚氨酯复合板用于制造汽车内饰,特别是汽车顶内衬、天窗拉板和柱饰板的用途。
本发明的再一个方面,是提供一种聚氨酯产品,包括本发明所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
任选的,所述聚氨酯产品选自汽车内饰,优选汽车顶内衬、天窗拉板和柱饰板。
除非另外说明,本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所属领域技术人员通常理解的相同意义。当本文中术语的定义与本发明所属领域技术人员通常理解的意义有矛盾时,以本文中所述的定义为准。
除非另外说明,否则本文中使用的表达成分的量、反应条件等的所有数值被理解为在被术语“约”修饰。
本文中所用的“和/或”是指所提及的要素之一或全部。
本文中所用“包括”和“包含”涵盖只存在所提及要素的情形以及除了所提及要素还存在其它未提及要素的情形。
除非另外说明,本文中所有百分比均为重量百分比。
现通过实施例以说明的目的而非限制描述本发明。
实施例
本发明的各原材料型号、来源及配比详见以下表1.
测试方法说明:
官能度,是指根据行业公式:官能度=羟值分子量/56100测定而得的数值;其中,分子量通过GPC高效液相色谱测定;
芯密度,是指在聚氨酯泡沫复合板制作过程中所用模具里有过量填充的情况下测试的泡沫中心密度,即模塑泡芯密度,由ASTM D 1622-03测定;
表面硬度,由Asker CS测定;
拉伸强度和断裂延伸率,由DIN-53455-1981测定。
本发明的各原材料型号、来源及配比详见表1.
本发明聚氨酯硬质泡沫的制备
实施例1-3及对比实施例1:
将按表1所列的具体重量份的组分A多异氰酸酯和组分B各组分,在搅拌下充分混合后发泡,得到各实施例及对比实施例的聚氨酯泡沫。
所得测试结果见表1所示(下表中聚醚即聚醚多元醇)。
Figure BDA0002416344370000111
Figure BDA0002416344370000121
从表1的测试结果可以看出,本发明优选的一定含量的聚醚多元醇,能够得到物理性质,特别是断裂延伸率更好的聚氨酯泡沫。
尽管上文针对本发明目的详细说明了本发明,但应理解的是,这种详细说明只是示例性的,除了可以由权利要求书限定的内容外,在不偏离本发明。

Claims (14)

1.一种制备具有>50体积%开孔(根据DIN ISO 4590-86测量)的硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法,所述方法为将包括如下组分的反应体系反应制得所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫:
组分A,多异氰酸酯;
组分B,包括:
B1)甘油、蔗糖和/或三梨醇起始的,重均分子量为6000-7200g/mol(测试方法参照GBT21863-2008),优选6300-7000g/mol,基于B1)总重量计EO含量>15.0wt%,优选≥16.0wt%,特别优选17.0-25.0wt%的EO和/或PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为20-50wt%,优选30-45wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B2)甘油起始的,重均分子量为250-500g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选300-400g/mol,PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为25-50wt%,优选30-45wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B3)丙二醇起始的,重均分子量为300-500g/mol(测试方法参照GBT 21863-2008),优选350-430g/mol,PO封端的聚醚多元醇,其含量为9-32wt%,优选21-29wt%,更优选22-29wt%,基于组分B总重量计;
B4)含量为5-8wt%,基于组分B总重量计,的交联剂;
B5)含量为2-8wt%,优选3.5-6.6wt%,基于组分B总重量计,的发泡剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,组分A包括:
A1)基于组分A总重量计,0-10wt%,优选0.1-8wt%的2,2’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯;
A2)基于组分A总重量计,10-30wt%,优选15-25wt%的2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯;和
A3)基于组分A总重量计,25-75wt%,优选35-55wt%的4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征是,所述组分B还包括B6)叔胺类催化剂,其含量为1.0-5.0wt%,优选1.8-3.0wt%,基于组分B总重量计。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法,其特征是,所述聚氨酯反应体系还包括B7)0.1-2wt%,优选0.1-0.5wt%的硅油,基于组分B总重量计。
5.一种硬质聚氨酯泡沫,由权利要求1-4任一项所述的制备硬质聚氨酯泡沫的方法制得。
6.如权利要求5所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,其特征是,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的断裂延伸率≥23.5%,优选≥24%,更优选≥25%(测试方法DIN-53455-1981)。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,其特征是,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的拉伸强度≥260Kpa,优选≥270Kpa(测试方法DIN-53455-1981)。
8.如权利要求5或6所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫,其特征是,所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫的表面硬度>40.2Asker CS,优选≥41Asker CS(测试方法Asker CS)。
9.一种聚氨酯复合板,包括两个面层和位于两面层之间的硬质聚氨酯泡沫层,其中所述硬质聚氨酯泡沫由权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法制得。
10.如权利要求9所述的聚氨酯复合板,其特征是,所述两个面层材料分别选自玻璃纤维、天然纤维、纸、热塑性薄膜和无纺布。
11.一种制备如权利要求9或10所述聚氨酯复合板的方法,包括如下步骤:
在预先准备好的两个面层的内表面或聚氨酯泡沫层的表面涂敷胶黏剂,
将聚氨酯泡沫置于两个面层之间然后置于一模具内,在100-150℃温度下,合模30-50秒,得到所述聚氨酯复合板。
12.权利要求5-8任一项所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫用于制造汽车内饰的用途,优选用于汽车顶内衬、天窗拉板和柱饰板的用途。
13.一种聚氨酯产品,包括权利要求5-8任一项所述的硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
14.如权利要求13所述的聚氨酯产品,其特征是,所述聚氨酯产品选自汽车内饰,优选汽车顶内衬、天窗拉板和柱饰板。
CN202010194062.6A 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 硬质聚氨酯泡沫 Pending CN113493557A (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010194062.6A CN113493557A (zh) 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 硬质聚氨酯泡沫

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010194062.6A CN113493557A (zh) 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 硬质聚氨酯泡沫

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113493557A true CN113493557A (zh) 2021-10-12

Family

ID=77993393

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202010194062.6A Pending CN113493557A (zh) 2020-03-18 2020-03-18 硬质聚氨酯泡沫

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113493557A (zh)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN101331166B (zh) 制造汽车车顶内衬的方法
CN103221445B (zh) 制造低密度高弹性软质聚氨酯泡沫的方法
MXPA06013631A (es) Procedimiento para preparar espumas de poliuretano que tienen emisiones reducidas de compuestos organicos volatiles (vocs).
EP2922921B1 (en) Isocyanate-based polymer foam having improved flame retardant properties
US6096238A (en) Preparation of CFC-free, highly resilient, flexible polyurethane foams, and diphenylmethane diisocyanate-based polyisocyanate mixtures modified by means of urethane groups which can be used for this purpose
CA2099271C (en) Energy absorbing, water blown, rigid polyurethane foam
CN103097423B (zh) 使用锌催化剂制备的聚氨酯
KR101916508B1 (ko) 폴리우레탄 폼 제조용 조성물 및 이의 성형품
GB2201961A (en) Process for the preparation of rigid polyurethane
CA3125566A1 (en) Production of rigid polyurethane foam
US8883934B2 (en) Method for making low density polyurethane foam for sound and vibration absorption
KR101007923B1 (ko) 자동차 플로어매트 흡음재용 폴리우레탄 발포체의 제조방법
CN113493557A (zh) 硬质聚氨酯泡沫
EP3892663A1 (en) Rigid polyurethane foam
CN112898525A (zh) 一种制备聚氨酯半硬质泡沫的方法
EP3553105A1 (en) A rigid polyurethane foam with low odor
KR101893878B1 (ko) 바이오매스 함량이 높은 자동차 흡음재용 폴리우레탄 폼 조성물 및 이의 제조방법
KR20020006437A (ko) 에너지 흡수용 수 발포된 저밀도 폴리우레탄 발포체
US20210292468A1 (en) Silicone-free foam stabilizers for producing polyurethane foams
CN116239748A (zh) 多元醇组合物
US20230265233A1 (en) Polyurethane foams with improved acoustic properties
EP3774964A1 (en) A rigid polyurethane foam with low odor
EP4223816A1 (en) Polyol composition
EP3919537B1 (en) Method for preparing a rigid polyurethane foam
WO2021231212A1 (en) Additives for producing polyurethanes

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination