CN113492095A

CN113492095A - Method for manufacturing gradient coating

Info

Publication number: CN113492095A
Application number: CN202010250439.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 阮祥盛
Original assignee: Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Automobile Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-01
Filing date: 2020-04-01
Publication date: 2021-10-12
Anticipated expiration: 2040-04-01
Also published as: CN113492095B

Abstract

The invention provides a method for manufacturing a gradient coating, which comprises the following steps: uniformly dividing the area to be sprayed into a plurality of strip-shaped areas according to the geometric size of the area to be sprayed; setting a stepping reference line and a stepping distance, and setting a spraying direction; spraying color paint along the spraying direction from the stepping reference line, wherein the spraying length spans k strip-shaped areas, and when one color paint is sprayed, the next color paint is sprayed along the stepping reference line by a stepping distance, and the spraying length spans k strip-shaped areas; sequentially spraying n kinds of colored paints with different color concentrations on the area to be sprayed according to the increasing or decreasing sequence of the color concentrations; wherein, each colored paint is sprayed for m channels, n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 3, and k is more than or equal to 3. The coating formed by the invention comprises a plurality of transitional color strip-shaped areas, each transitional color strip-shaped area is formed by splicing two colors, and the areas of the two colors are increased or decreased in a one-way mode in the gradual change color area to form smooth transition.

Description

Method for manufacturing gradient coating

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of spraying, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of a gradient coating.

Background

When the exterior of an automobile is coated, a gradient spraying process is sometimes used, that is, the exterior of the automobile is sprayed with gradient color. In the prior art, various spraying modes are needed for spraying the gradient paint, for example, thick spraying, large gun spraying and the like are needed to obtain a dark color effect, but the prior spraying technology has defects, specifically, thin spraying and small gun spraying are used to obtain a light color effect, so that a smooth transition gradient effect is difficult to obtain, and the construction is complicated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a gradient coating, and aims to solve the problem that the conventional spraying process cannot manufacture a coating with smooth transition gradient effect.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is realized in such a way that the manufacturing method of the gradual change coating comprises the following steps:

uniformly dividing the area to be sprayed into a plurality of strip-shaped areas according to the geometric size of the area to be sprayed;

setting a stepping reference line and a stepping distance, wherein the stepping reference line is a short edge connecting line on the same side of each strip-shaped area, and the stepping distance is the length of the short edge;

setting a spraying direction, wherein the spraying direction is intersected with the stepping reference line but not vertical to the stepping reference line;

spraying color paint along the spraying direction from the stepping reference line, wherein the spraying length spans k strip-shaped areas, and when one color paint is sprayed, the next color paint is sprayed along the stepping reference line by a stepping distance, and the spraying length spans k strip-shaped areas; according to the spraying method, n kinds of colored paints with different color concentrations are sequentially sprayed on the area to be sprayed according to the ascending or descending order of the color concentrations, and the manufacture of the single-color gradient coating is finished; wherein, each colored paint is sprayed for m channels, n, m and k belong to an integer, n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 3, and k is more than or equal to 3.

Wherein, when k is more than or equal to 4, m is more than or equal to k.

When n is more than or equal to 3, the color density of the n colored paints is uniformly decreased from large to small.

The colored paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

0.5 to 50 percent of colorant;

50 to 99.5 percent of colored paint base stock;

wherein, the base material of the colored paint is baking type base material or normal temperature curing type base material.

Wherein, before spraying the n colored paints, the method also comprises the following steps:

and manufacturing a reflective coating on the area to be sprayed.

Wherein, the reflective coating is formed by spraying an electroplated layer or a silver primer.

The silver primer comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

0.5 to 20 percent of silver paste;

0.5 to 20 percent of silver opening solvent;

60 to 99 percent of silver primer base material.

and spraying a transparent coating for wetting the reflective coating on the reflective coating.

Wherein, after the n colored paints are sprayed, the method also comprises the following steps:

spraying a transparent varnish product for protecting the color paint coating on the color paint coating;

wherein, the varnish comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

58 to 93 percent of acrylic resin;

Tinuvin1130 0.1％～0.5％；

Tinuvin292 0.1％～0.5％；

Byk306 0.1％～0.5％；

Byk516 0.1％～0.5％；

5 to 40 percent of mixed solvent;

the prepared varnish is added with matched curing agent N3390 and matched mixed solvent in a preset proportion to form a transparent varnish product.

Wherein the spraying parameters of the n colored paints are consistent.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the color of the coating prepared by the spraying method of the invention is characterized in that: the colored paint coating is cut and divided by the strip-shaped areas, the strip-shaped areas between the first colored paint strip of one colored paint and the last colored paint strip of the next colored paint are transition colored strip-shaped areas along the stepping direction, each transition colored strip-shaped area is formed by splicing two colors, the areas of the two colors are increased or decreased in a gradual change colored area in a single direction to form smooth transition, and the number of the transition colored strip-shaped areas is more, so that the transition is smooth. The spraying method can be realized by adopting a conventional spraying process.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic main flow chart of a manufacturing method of a graded coating provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the partition and spraying effect of the flat pattern shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a section of a curved surface pattern referred to in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the coating of FIG. 2 after the coating is completed;

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the partitioning and spraying effects of another flat pattern according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

The invention provides an embodiment of a method for manufacturing a gradient coating, and please refer to fig. 1, which shows a main flow diagram thereof, and in the embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

and S1, uniformly dividing the area to be sprayed into a plurality of strip-shaped areas according to the geometric size of the area to be sprayed.

Specifically, the substrate can be the outer surface of objects such as automobiles, hardware, electronic products, household appliances, equipment, constructional engineering bodies and the like, the areas to be sprayed of the outer surfaces can be planes and can be curved surfaces, the areas to be sprayed are uniformly partitioned according to the geometric dimension of the areas to be sprayed, a plurality of parallel plane parallelogram strip-shaped areas can be obtained, as shown in fig. 2, the areas to be sprayed are rectangles, and the rectangles are uniformly divided into a plurality of strip-shaped areas parallel to the X direction; or a curved surface pattern, as shown in fig. 3, each strip-shaped area is a curved surface.

And S2, setting a stepping reference line and a stepping distance, wherein the stepping reference line is a connection line of the short edges at the same side of each strip-shaped area, and the stepping distance is the length of the short edges.

Specifically, the stepping reference line is a connection line of the spraying starting point of each color paint, and the stepping distance is a distance from the spraying starting point of the previous color paint to the spraying starting point of the next color paint. The invention takes the short side connecting line at the same side of each strip-shaped area as a stepping reference line, the Y line in figures 2 and 3 is the stepping reference line, and the stepping distance is Y, namely the width of the short side of the strip-shaped area at one end of the stepping reference line.

And S3, setting a spraying direction, wherein the spraying direction is intersected with the stepping reference line but not vertical to the stepping reference line.

Specifically, when the spraying direction is perpendicular to the stepping reference line, a situation that only one strip-shaped area can be covered by one spraying may occur, and the purpose of the present invention cannot be achieved. Therefore, the spraying direction cannot be orthogonal to the stepping reference line, and the direction P in fig. 2 and 3 is the spraying direction.

S4, spraying color paint along the spraying direction from the stepping reference line, wherein the spraying length is k strip-shaped areas, and when one color paint is sprayed, the next color paint is sprayed along the stepping reference line by a stepping distance, and the spraying length is k strip-shaped areas; according to the spraying method, n kinds of colored paints with different color concentrations are sequentially sprayed on the area to be sprayed according to the ascending or descending order of the color concentrations, and the manufacture of the single-color gradient coating is finished; wherein, each colored paint is sprayed for m channels, n, m and k belong to an integer, n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 3, and k is more than or equal to 3.

Specifically, n (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) color paints are first prepared, each color paint is prepared by using the same colorant (for example, blue), the color paints are different only in the concentration of the colorant, when more than 3 color paints are selected, the color concentrations of the 3 color paints are preferably uniformly decreased from large to small, for example, the color concentrations of the 3 color paints are 60%, 45% and 30%, respectively, and the gradient of the decrease is 15%. The gradient color effect obtained by the uniformly degressive colored paint series is smoother. Referring to fig. 2, starting from the reference line of step of the lowermost strip-shaped area, the painted color paint is painted along direction P, the painted color paint strip has width X and length k, i.e. the painted color paint has length kp along direction P, and the painted color paint strip is actually a parallelogram with dimension X kp, wherein an included angle is equal to the included angle between direction P and direction X.

And after each spraying, stepping for 1Y distance along the Y direction to spray the next spraying, wherein the spraying length of each spraying is kp, and the method can be regarded as that the area sprayed by the first spraying is arrayed along the Y direction, and the offset is Y. According to the spraying method, n kinds of colored paints with different color concentrations are sequentially sprayed on a substrate according to the sequence of increasing or decreasing the color concentrations, and m spraying paths are sprayed on each colored paint, wherein n, m and k belong to integers, n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 3, and k is more than or equal to 3. For the curved surface of fig. 3, the spraying method is the same, except that the pattern is a deformed curved quadrilateral.

The coating formed by the spraying method of the invention has the color characteristics that: the colored paint coating is cut and divided by the strip-shaped area, along the stepping direction, the strip-shaped area between the first colored paint strip of one colored paint (set as color 1) and the last colored paint strip of the next colored paint (set as color 2) is a transition colored strip-shaped area, namely, an area in a dotted line frame in a picture, each transition colored strip-shaped area is formed by splicing color 1 and color 2, the areas of the two colors are increased or decreased in a single direction in the gradual change colored area to form smooth transition. The more the number of the transitional color bar-shaped areas is, the smoother the transition is. The spraying method can be realized by adopting a conventional spraying process.

Taking the plane graph of fig. 2 as an example, n is 2, m is 4, and k is 4, i.e., paints of two color concentrations (1 represents

paint

1 and 2 represents paint 2) are sprayed, 4 passes are sprayed each, and the spraying length along P direction is 4P. Firstly, spraying a colored paint 2, wherein the initial spraying area of the 1 st channel is (x, y) and the end is (4x, 4y) and the length is 4p according to the coordinate of each small parallelogram on an XY plane; moving the 2 nd path upwards for a distance of y, wherein the initial spraying area is (x, 2y), the end is (4x, 5y), and the length is 4 p; and repeating the operation in the same way, after 4 colored paints 2 are sprayed, spraying 4 colored paints 1, and alternately spraying the colored paints 2 and the colored paints 1 until the spraying is finished. In the figure, there are two kinds of monochrome stripe regions, monochrome 1 and monochrome 2. With reference to the single color 1, in the transition process to the single color 2, the area of the single color 1 is from 4/4, 3/4, 2/4 and 1/4 to 0, namely, the transition process is to the single color 2, the whole color transition process is smooth, the residual blank area of the area to be sprayed can be sprayed in the spraying mode in fig. 4, and the single color 1 and the single color 2 are respectively composed of 4 strip-shaped areas.

In the above embodiment, the value of n is independent, when the color density difference of 2 kinds of colored paints is too large, a plurality of colored paints with intermediate concentrations can be configured according to a certain gradient, and then the colored paints are sprayed according to the increasing or decreasing order of the concentrations, so that n is preferably greater than or equal to 3, and the smooth transition effect of two colors with large difference can be obtained.

In the above embodiment, the value of m and the value of k are independent, and when the value of k is larger than the value of m, that is, the length of each spraying is longer, the color of the coating layer is only a transition color stripe region, and there is no monochrome stripe region, which means that m-k-3 also belongs to this case. When the value of m is larger than that of k, namely, the number of sprayed channels of each color is larger, the color of the coating is formed by alternately splicing a single-color strip-shaped region and a transitional-color strip-shaped region, the number of continuous single-color strip-shaped regions is larger, the formed single-color area is larger, and the area of the single-color region of each color paint is larger. Therefore, for k ≧ 4, preferably m ≧ k, it can be ensured that each color lacquer at least includes one single-color bar region in one color cycle, i.e., the smooth transition effect (the percentage of one color in one single bar region) can be transitioned from 0% to 100%, realizing continuous transition.

Further, the colored paint can be prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 50 percent of colorant and 50 to 99.5 percent of colored paint base stock, and a slow-drying system is preferably adopted for the colored paint coating in order to avoid the influence of paint mist spray formed by front-stage spraying on the spraying.

Further, before spraying the colored paint, a reflective coating may be formed on the substrate. If the transparency of the colored paint coating is not enough, only the effect of the uppermost coating can be shown, the smooth gradual change effect is not good, the reflective coating with high reflection light can enhance the mixed color light effect, and the smooth effect of the transition layer is better. The light reflecting coating can be formed by electroplating or silver primer spraying. The silver primer can be silver plating imitation matched with professional silver plating resin, and can be mirror silver matched with professional silver plating resin.

Furthermore, a transparent coating can be sprayed on the reflective coating before the colored paint is sprayed, namely, the transparent coating of a colored paint system is completely sprayed on an area to be sprayed before the colored paint is sprayed, the spraying surface is kept in a wet state, and the condition that the paint mist sprayed at the front section is dried and hardened to form particles and influence the appearance when the paint mist falls on the spraying surface is ensured.

Further, the silver primer can be prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5 to 20 percent of silver paste; 0.5 to 20 percent of silver opening solvent; 60 to 99 percent of silver primer base material.

Further, after spraying the color paint, a transparent varnish may be sprayed on the color paint coating for protecting the color paint coating.

Further, in order to obtain uniform film thickness, the spraying parameters of the n colored paints are controlled to be consistent, including stock solution viscosity, spraying viscosity and the like. And when preparing the colored paint, controlling the components of the colored paint to ensure that the theoretical dry film thickness and the theoretical wet film thickness of the colored paint are equal, so as to obtain the monochromatic gradient coating with uniform film thickness, wherein the theoretical dry film thickness of the colored paint can be controlled to be 15-25 mu m.

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below by taking m-4, n-5, and k-4 as examples. Namely, 5 kinds of color paint with color density are sprayed, 4 lines of each color paint are sprayed, and the spraying length is the distance spanning 4 strip-shaped areas.

(1) As shown in fig. 5, the substrate is uniformly divided into 24 stripe regions parallel to the X direction, which are regions a-X, respectively, and the step reference line is the short side connecting line Y of the stripe regions.

(2) Firstly, spraying a layer of primer, wherein the components of the primer are as follows:

the primer spraying parameters are as follows:

spraying viscosity/s is 10-13 (4 cups are coated);

construction solid content/% 15-25

Film thickness/um 10' 15

Flash evaporation/DEG C min (15-25). multidot.C (2-3)

(3) Taking blue as an example, the blue is uniformly divided into 5 gradients, and the colors are respectively named as blue, 2 blue, 3 blue, 4 blue and 5 blue according to the saturation degree from high to low, the concentration (weight percentage) AX% of the colorant in the blue paint and the concentration AY% of the colorant in the 5 blue paint are firstly determined, AX is more than AY, and then the concentrations of the colorants in other color paints are calculated:

2 the concentration of the colorant in the blue paint is: AY + (5-2) (AX-AY)/(5-1) (%);

3 the concentration of the colorant in the blue paint is: AY + (5-3) (AX-AY)/(5-1) (%);

4 the concentration of the colorant in the blue paint is: AY + (5-4) (AX-AY)/(5-1) (%).

For example, when AX is 60 and AY is 20, the color density of blue, 2 blue, 3 blue, 4 blue, and 5 blue is 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, and 20% in this order.

(4) And then determining a spraying direction P, wherein an included angle between the P direction and the X direction is-45 degrees in the embodiment as shown in the figure, and the stepping direction is from bottom to top, and making positioning marks on each subarea and each colored paint so as to accurately start and receive the colored paint and realize accurate transition.

(5) In the scheme, the widths of the monochromatic parallel areas in the middle area are all 2 parallel areas, so that the monochromatic parallel areas with starting edges can be designed into 2 or 3 parallel areas, and 3 parallel areas are taken as an example in the figure. Starting spraying from an X area, wherein the stepping direction is upward, and the spraying process is as follows:

the first pass sprays 5 blue 0 with a spray length p, which is 25% of the normal spray length 4 p.

The second pass 5 blue 1, with a spray length of 2p, i.e. 50% of the normal spray length 4 p.

The third 5 blue 2 spray, the spray length is 3p, i.e. 75% of the normal spray length 4 p.

The fourth 5 blue 3 spray, the spray length is 4p, i.e. 100% of the normal spray length 4 p.

The fifth spraying 5 blue 4, the spraying length is 100% of the normal spraying length 4 p.

And the sixth spraying 5 blue 5, wherein the spraying length is 100 percent of the normal spraying length 4 p.

If the initial monochromatic parallel area of edge is designed to be 2, then remove X area, 5 blue only spray 5 times.

After 5 blues of spraying are finished, 4 blues, 3 blues and 2 blues of spraying are carried out, 5 times of spraying are carried out on each blue, and the spraying length of each time is 100 percent of the normal spraying length 4 p. And finally, when spraying the blue, spraying 5 or 6 corresponding channels symmetrically to the 5 blue. After the spraying is finished, dividing the paint into strip-shaped areas (namely, according to the line), wherein the color rule of the paint is as follows:

monochrome stripe region:

the coatings formed on lines V, W and X are the natural colors of the colored paint (5 blue).

The coating formed by the R line and the Q line is the natural color of the colored paint (4 blue).

The coating formed by the M lines and the L lines is the natural color of the colored paint (3 blue).

The coating formed by the rows H and G is the natural color of the colored paint (2 blue).

The coating formed by the lines A, B and C is the natural color of the colored paint (blue).

Transition color stripe region:

row U is (5 blue): (4 blue) ═ 3: 1.

Row T is (5 blue): (4 blue) ═ 2: 2.

Row S is (5 blue): (4 blue) ═ 1: 3.

Row P is (3 blue): (4 blue) ═ 1: 3.

Row O is (3 blue): (4 blue) ═ 2: 2.

Row N is (3 blue): (4 blue) ═ 3: 1.

By analogy, other transition color regions are not listed in detail. In order to achieve the best effect, more than two persons and more than three guns can be used for continuous construction and seamless connection in the spraying process.

The components of the pigmented paint can be configured, inter alia, as follows.

It is understood that, in the practical example, the baking-type base material may be selected from the room-temperature curing-type base material.

The parameters of the colored paint spraying are as follows:

spraying viscosity/s is 12-15 (4 cups are coated);

construction solid content/% 25-40;

the film thickness/um is 15-25;

flash evaporation/DEG C min (15-25) before light covering (3-5).

(6) Finally, spraying a transparent varnish on the surface of the colored paint, wherein the components of the transparent varnish are shown in the following table:

components	Addition amount (w%)	Remarks for note
			Acrylic resin	58％～93％	High solid content, high hydroxyl content,
Tinuvin1130	0.1％～0.5％
			Tinuvin292	0.1％～0.5％
Byk306	0.1％～0.5％
			Byk516	0.1％～0.5％
Mixed solvent	5％～40％	Xylene, butyl ester, ethyl ester, PMA

When in use, the prepared transparent varnish (1 part) is added into the matched curing agent and the matched mixed solvent in the following weight ratio to form a varnish product.

The spraying parameters of the transparent varnish product are as follows:

in summary, the spraying method of the present invention can obtain the transitional color strip-shaped areas, each transitional color strip-shaped area is formed by splicing two colors, and the areas of the two colors are increased or decreased in a single direction in the gradual change color area to form smooth transition. The larger the number of the transition color stripe regions, the smoother the transition, and a gradient color coating with a uniform film thickness can be obtained. In addition, the spraying method can be realized by adopting a conventional spraying process.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The method for manufacturing the gradient coating is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

spraying color paint along the spraying direction from the stepping reference line, wherein the spraying length spans k strip-shaped areas, and when one color paint is sprayed, the next color paint is sprayed along the stepping reference line by a stepping distance, and the spraying length spans k strip-shaped areas; according to the spraying method, n kinds of colored paints with different color concentrations are sequentially sprayed on the area to be sprayed according to the ascending or descending order of the color concentrations, and the manufacture of the single-color gradient coating is finished;

wherein, each colored paint is sprayed for m channels, n, m and k belong to an integer, n is more than or equal to 2, m is more than or equal to 3, and k is more than or equal to 3.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein m is greater than or equal to k when k is greater than or equal to 4.

3. The method for manufacturing the gradient coating according to claim 1, wherein when n is more than or equal to 3, the color density of the n colored paints is uniformly decreased from large to small.

4. The method for making a graded coating according to claim 1, wherein the colored paint comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

0.5 to 50 percent of colorant;

50 to 99.5 percent of colored paint base stock;

5. The method for making a graded coating according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of, before spraying said n paints:

and manufacturing a reflective coating on the area to be sprayed.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the light reflecting coating is formed by spraying an electroplated coating or a silver primer.

7. The method for making a graded coating according to claim 6, wherein the silver primer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: