CN113488363A - TE (time-out) device11Relativistic magnetron with mode output - Google Patents
TE (time-out) device11Relativistic magnetron with mode output Download PDFInfo
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- CN113488363A CN113488363A CN202110762271.0A CN202110762271A CN113488363A CN 113488363 A CN113488363 A CN 113488363A CN 202110762271 A CN202110762271 A CN 202110762271A CN 113488363 A CN113488363 A CN 113488363A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
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Abstract
The invention discloses a TE11A relativistic magnetron with mode output belongs to the technical field of microwaves. On the basis of an eight-cavity relativistic magnetron, the invention radially couples the energy of the microwaves in the adjacent resonant cavities into four first fan-shaped waveguide cavities through respective coupling slots to excite TE11Molding; then the side wall of the fan-shaped waveguide cavity is used as a mode-changing insert of the insert mode converter, and finally the circular waveguide TE is directly output11Mode(s). The integrated structure of the invention makes the high-power microwave system more compact.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves, and particularly relates to an S-band TE11Relativistic magnetron of mode output.
Background
High Power Microwave (HMP) mainly refers to coherent electromagnetic radiation with frequency from 1GHz to 300GHz and peak Power greater than 100MW, and is a research field emerging with the development of pulse Power technology in the last century, due to its wide application in military and civilThe application prospect of the method causes the attention of researchers in various countries, and becomes one of the leading-edge research disciplines which are very active in the international academic community at present. In recent years, with the intensive research and wide application of high-power microwave sources, people put forward more, higher and more new requirements on the high-power microwave sources and even the whole high-power microwave system. The ability to compact and miniaturize and to radiate low-order mode microwaves directly from a microwave source has received increasing attention from researchers. On one hand, the high-power microwave source with compactness and miniaturization can reduce the volume and the weight of a system, thereby saving materials, reducing the manufacturing cost and achieving wider application; on the other hand, microwaves of low-order radiation modes, particularly TE11 mode microwaves of circular waveguide, have strong application requirements in many commercial and military fields, such as high-power radar systems, super-jammers, excitation sources for gas lasers, plasma heating in fusion reactors, and the like. As such, most high power microwave sources typically require an additional mode converter to convert the higher order microwave modes of the radiation into TE for circular waveguide11TE of mode or rectangular waveguide10Mode(s). And the high-power microwave source with the capability of directly radiating the low-order mode microwave saves the intermediate link of mode conversion and can be directly connected with a high-efficiency radiating antenna.
As one of the most developed high power microwave sources, relativistic magnetrons have been extensively researched and studied in terms of compactness, radiation in low-order mode, improvement of power conversion efficiency, and the like. The sequential presentation of the axial diffractive output structure and the transparent cathode structure of the relativistic magnetron has resulted in significant progress in the operating performance of the relativistic magnetron since 2005. The power conversion efficiency in numerical simulation reaches more than 70%, and the high-power-output power of GW magnitude is achieved. However, the radius of the diffraction output structure is large, and the magnetron of this structure outputs TE21，TE31Or TE41It is difficult to efficiently convert the mode to the TE required for the antenna11Mode, is not favorable for miniaturization of the whole high-power microwave system.
In 2012, new mexico in the united statesUniversity proposes axial radiation TE11Compact a6 relativistic magnetron for mode microwaves. However, the power conversion efficiency is only about 14% because no good matching transition is formed between the anode sheet of the magnetron and the output circular waveguide. In the same year, the university of new mexico in the united states also proposed a relativistic magnetron based on a full-cavity axial extraction technique, which can radiate the TEM mode axially and has a high efficiency, and although the design of the structure reduces the radial size of the output area of the magnetron, it is necessary to design a mode converter to convert the TEM mode into TE mode11Mode(s).
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the technology, the invention provides a technical scheme for integrating a relativistic magnetron and a mode converter on the basis of an eight-cavity relativistic magnetron. The fan-shaped waveguide wall of the full-cavity extraction structure is used as a mode-changing insert of the insert mode converter, and the direct output is the round waveguide TE11Mode, and the integrated structure makes the high-power microwave system more compact.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
TE (time-out) device11A relativistic magnetron for mode output comprises a magnetron part and a mode conversion part.
The magnetron part comprises a cylindrical anode shell, 8 fan-shaped anode blocks uniformly arranged on the inner side of the anode shell and a cathode coaxial with the anode shell, and a fan-shaped cavity between every two adjacent fan-shaped anode blocks is a resonant cavity of the magnetron.
The waveguide structure is characterized in that a cylindrical first outer conductor is arranged on the outer side of the anode shell, and an annular columnar cavity between the first outer conductor and the anode shell is divided into 4 first fan-shaped waveguide cavities with the same size through 4 metal insertion pieces.
The anode shell is provided with 8 coupling slots at equal intervals in an angular direction, the magnetron part radially couples microwaves in the resonant cavity to 4 first fan-shaped waveguide cavities through the 8 coupling slots, and the fan-shaped waveguide TE is excited in each first fan-shaped waveguide cavity11And (5) molding.
The mode conversionThe part comprises a mode conversion inner conductor, a mode conversion outer conductor and 4 metal insert extending sections, and the mode conversion part is used for transmitting the sector waveguides TE in the 4 first sector waveguide cavities11Mode conversion to circular waveguide TE11And (5) molding.
The mode conversion outer conductor is an axial extension structure of the first outer conductor, the initial section of the mode conversion outer conductor and the mode conversion inner conductor form a coaxial structure, and the tail section of the mode conversion outer conductor is a circular waveguide structure; the initial section of the mode conversion inner conductor is of a cylindrical structure with the radius the same as that of the anode shell, and the output section of the mode conversion inner conductor is of a truncated cone-shaped structure with the gradually reduced radius.
The metal inserting sheet extending section is an axial extending structure of the metal inserting sheet, and the lengths of the 4 metal inserting sheet extending sections are different. Furthermore, the two metal insert extending sections with the same length and the longest length are respectively a third insert and a fourth insert; the metal insertion sheet extension section with the shortest length is a first insertion sheet, and the fan-shaped waveguide cavities on two sides of the first insertion sheet are communicated to form a second fan-shaped waveguide cavity; the metal insert extending section arranged on the opposite side of the first insert is a second insert, and the fan-shaped waveguide cavities on the two sides of the second insert are communicated to form a third fan-shaped waveguide cavity; the cross section of the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the cross section of the third fan-shaped waveguide cavity perpendicular to the axial direction are the same in size; the lengths of the first inserting sheet and the second inserting sheet satisfy the relation (1):
l1, L2 respectively indicate the length of the first insert and the second insert, β 1 indicates the TE in the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the third fan-shaped waveguide cavity11Propagation constant of mode, β 2 denotes TE in the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity11Propagation constant of the mode.
Further, the cross section of the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity perpendicular to the axial direction is fan-shaped, and the corresponding central angle is 80-85 degrees.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: radial electric field E is excited between the cathode and the anode, and electrons do along the direction of E multiplied by B under the combined action of the radial electric field E and the axial magnetic field BWhen the drift speed of the wheel pendulum motion and the phase speed of the high-frequency electric field meet the synchronous condition, the electrons and the electromagnetic field can efficiently exchange energy. When the relativistic magnetron works in a pi mode, the microwaves in adjacent resonant cavities are different by 180 DEG and the microwave energy is coupled into four first fan-shaped waveguide cavities through respective coupling slots to excite TE11And (5) molding. TE in four first fan-shaped waveguide cavities11When the mode is transmitted to the first insert area of the mode conversion part, the transmission mode and the phase position are unchanged because the cavity structure is unchanged; when the microwave passes through the second insert region, the structure is changed into two first fan-shaped waveguide cavities and one second fan-shaped waveguide cavity, and the phases of the microwave in the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity are not equal any more; when the phase difference between the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity is 180 degrees, the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity start to enter the third insert area and the fourth insert area, the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the third fan-shaped waveguide cavity are of the same structure, and the phase difference is 180 degrees. After entering the coaxial waveguide section through four insertion sheets, the transmission mode is firstly converted into the coaxial waveguide TE11The mode is converted into the round waveguide TE after passing through the coaxial waveguide transition section of the truncated cone-shaped inner conductor11And (6) outputting the mold.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the output mode of the traditional magnetron is a TM01 mode, even if a transparent cathode is used, the output mode is a TE21 mode, a TE31 mode or a TE41 mode, the modes are difficult to be directly converted into the TE11 mode required by an antenna, even if the modes are converted into the TE11 mode required by the antenna through an external mode converter, the structure becomes more complex and larger, the relativistic magnetron provided by the invention utilizes the wall of a fan-shaped waveguide cavity as a mode-changing structure, the TE11 mode of a circular waveguide is finally output, the conversion of the TE11 mode of a four-way fan-shaped waveguide into the TE11 mode of the circular waveguide is completed, and the converted TE11 mode of the circular waveguide can directly radiate energy through the external antenna; the microwave source and the mode converter are integrally designed, and the microwave source and the mode converter have the characteristic of compact structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is TE11The overall structure schematic diagram of the relativistic magnetron of the mode output;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an eight-chamber magnetron;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a magnetron cathode structure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mode change section;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the electric field in a sector waveguide before passing through a mode shifting structure;
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the mode shifting portion and the corresponding electric field pattern for each segment;
fig. 7 is an electric field diagram of the output port.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for better illustrating the objects, advantages and technical idea of the present invention. It should be noted that the specific examples given below serve only to explain the present invention in detail, and do not limit the present invention.
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the S-band TE of the present embodiment11A relativistic magnetron for mode output comprises a magnetron part and a mode conversion part. The magnetron part is centrosymmetric about a central shaft and comprises a cylindrical anode shell 1-5 with the outer radius of 40mm and the thickness of 1mm, 8 fan-shaped anode blocks 1-2 with the inner radius of 21mm uniformly arranged on the inner side of the anode shell, a cathode 1-1 coaxial with the anode shell, and a fan-shaped cavity between every two adjacent fan-shaped anode blocks is a resonant cavity of the magnetron.
Wherein the cathode structure 1-1 comprises a cylindrical upstream cathode end cap 1-1-1 with a radius of 15 mm; 1-1-2 parts of an upstream cathode with a hollow conical structure, wherein the maximum outer radius is 11 mm; the center is connected with a conductor rod 1-1-3, and the radius is 3 mm; 1-1-4 of a downstream cathode with a hollow conical structure, wherein the maximum outer radius is 11 mm; 1-1-5 parts of cylindrical downstream cathode end cap with two rounded corners at two ends, and the radius of the cylindrical downstream cathode end cap is 15 mm.
A cylindrical first outer conductor 1-6 is arranged on the outer side of the anode shell 1-5, and an annular cylindrical cavity between the first outer conductor and the anode shell is divided into 4 first fan-shaped waveguide cavities with the same size through 4 fan-shaped metal insertion sheets 1-3 with the central angle alpha of 10 degrees; wherein, a fan-shaped groove is dug on the fan-shaped metal inserting sheet; the inner and outer radiuses R1 and R3 of the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity are 40mm and 60m respectivelym, the length is 200 mm; coupling slots 1-4 with the length of 20mm and the width of 15mm are arranged on the anode shell between two adjacent fan-shaped anode blocks, the magnetron part radially couples the microwaves in the resonant cavity to 4 first fan-shaped waveguide cavities through 8 coupling slots, and the fan-shaped waveguide TE is excited in each first fan-shaped waveguide cavity11And (5) molding.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 4, fig. 4(a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the mode switching portion, fig. 4(B) is a left side view of the mode switching portion, and fig. 4(C) is a right side view of the mode switching portion. The mode conversion part comprises a mode conversion inner conductor, a mode conversion outer conductor 2-4 and 4 metal insert extending sections 2-2, and the mode conversion part is used for transmitting the sector waveguides TE in the 4 first sector waveguide cavities11Mode conversion to circular waveguide TE11And (5) molding.
The mode conversion outer conductor is an axial extension structure of the first outer conductor, the initial section of the mode conversion outer conductor and the mode conversion inner conductor form a coaxial structure, and the tail section of the mode conversion outer conductor is a circular waveguide structure; the starting section 2-1 of the mode conversion inner conductor is of a cylindrical structure with the radius the same as that of the anode shell, the length of the cylindrical structure is larger than that of the third inserting piece and that of the fourth inserting piece, the output section 2-3 is of a truncated cone-shaped transition structure with the gradually reduced radius, the length L5 of the transition structure is 40mm, and the radius R2 of the tail end of the transition structure is 15 mm.
The metal insert sheet extension sections 2-2 are axial extension structures of the metal insert sheets 1-3, and the lengths of the 4 metal insert sheet extension sections are different. Wherein, the extension sections of the two metal inserting pieces with the lengths of L3 and L4 of 90mm are respectively a third inserting piece 2-2-3 and a fourth inserting piece 2-2-4; the metal insert extending section with the length L1 of 20mm is a first insert 2-2-1, and the fan-shaped waveguide cavities on the two sides of the first insert are communicated to form a second fan-shaped waveguide cavity; the metal insert extending section with the length L3 of 70mm arranged on the opposite side of the first insert is a second insert 2-2-2, and the fan-shaped waveguide cavities on the two sides of the second insert are communicated to form a third fan-shaped waveguide cavity; wherein the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the third fan-shaped waveguide cavity have the same cross-sectional dimension perpendicular to the axial direction.
In this embodiment, the magnetron generates electromagnetic energy through a first fan wave by interaction of the cathode 1-1 and the anode 1-2The output of the guide cavity is obtained by observing the direction of the electric field of energy in the first fan-shaped waveguide cavities of the structure through electromagnetic simulation, and as shown in figure 5, the mode in the four first fan-shaped waveguide cavities can be seen as TE11Mode(s).
When energy is output from the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity, the phase of electromagnetic waves in the fan-shaped waveguide cavity is controlled by controlling the lengths of the four insertion pieces 2-2-1, 2-2-2, 2-2-3 and 2-2-4, so that mode conversion is completed. As shown in fig. 6, in which the left side is a sectional view of the mode switching section and the right side is an electric field pattern of each stage.
TE in the first fan-shaped waveguide Cavity, as shown in FIG. 611When the mode is transmitted to the section A, the transmission mode and the phase are unchanged because the cavity structure is unchanged. In the section B, the first insert 2-2-1 is cut off at the position B (start), the structure is changed into two 80-degree fan-shaped waveguides and one 170-degree fan-shaped waveguide, and the phases of the electromagnetic waves in the 80-degree fan-shaped waveguide and the 170-degree fan-shaped waveguide are not equal any more; at b (end), the phase difference of the 80 ° sector waveguide and the 170 ° sector waveguide changes from 0 ° to 180 °; in the section C, the second insert 2-2-2 is cut off and enters a third insert area and a fourth insert area, and the structures are two 170-degree fan-shaped waveguides at the moment, and the phase difference is 180 degrees; in the D section, no metal insert structure participates, the D section is changed into a circular waveguide which is transmitted by a coaxial waveguide and transited to the E section, and finally the D section is converted into a circular waveguide TE11 mode to be output.
Finally, as shown in fig. 7, the electromagnetic simulation software is used to calculate the electric field direction of the energy in the E-segment circular waveguide, and it can be observed that the output mode is TE of the circular waveguide11And (5) molding.
Claims (3)
1. TE (time-out) device11The relativistic magnetron for mode output comprises a magnetron part and a mode conversion part;
the magnetron part comprises a cylindrical anode shell, 8 fan-shaped anode blocks uniformly arranged on the inner side of the anode shell and a cathode coaxial with the anode shell, and a fan-shaped cavity between every two adjacent fan-shaped anode blocks is a resonant cavity of the magnetron;
the waveguide structure is characterized in that a cylindrical first outer conductor is arranged on the outer side of the anode shell, and an annular columnar cavity between the first outer conductor and the anode shell is divided into 4 first fan-shaped waveguide cavities with the same size through 4 metal insertion pieces;
the anode shell is provided with 8 coupling slots at equal intervals in an angular direction, the magnetron part radially couples microwaves in the resonant cavity to 4 first fan-shaped waveguide cavities through the 8 coupling slots, and the fan-shaped waveguide TE is excited in each first fan-shaped waveguide cavity11Molding;
the mode conversion part comprises a mode conversion inner conductor, a mode conversion outer conductor and 4 metal insert extending sections, and the mode conversion part is used for transmitting the sector waveguides TE in the 4 first sector waveguide cavities11Mode conversion to circular waveguide TE11Molding;
the mode conversion outer conductor is an axial extension structure of the first outer conductor, the initial section of the mode conversion outer conductor and the mode conversion inner conductor form a coaxial structure, and the tail section of the mode conversion outer conductor is a circular waveguide structure; the starting section of the mode conversion inner conductor is of a cylindrical structure with the radius same as that of the anode shell, and the output section of the mode conversion inner conductor is of a truncated cone-shaped structure with the gradually reduced radius; the metal inserting sheet extending section is an axial extending structure of the metal inserting sheet, and the lengths of the 4 metal inserting sheet extending sections are different.
2. A TE as claimed in claim 111The relativistic magnetron for mode output is characterized in that two metal insert extending sections with the same length and the longest length are respectively a third insert and a fourth insert; the metal insertion sheet extension section with the shortest length is a first insertion sheet, and the fan-shaped waveguide cavities on two sides of the first insertion sheet are communicated to form a second fan-shaped waveguide cavity; the metal insert extending section arranged on the opposite side of the first insert is a second insert, and the fan-shaped waveguide cavities on the two sides of the second insert are communicated to form a third fan-shaped waveguide cavity; the cross section of the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the cross section of the third fan-shaped waveguide cavity perpendicular to the axial direction are the same in size; the lengths of the first inserting sheet and the second inserting sheet satisfy the relation (1):
l1, L2 respectively indicate the length of the first insert and the second insert, β 1 indicates the TE in the second fan-shaped waveguide cavity and the third fan-shaped waveguide cavity11Propagation constant of mode, β 2 denotes TE in the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity11Propagation constant of the mode.
3. A TE as claimed in claim 1 or 211A relativistic magnetron of mode output is characterized in that a cross section of the first fan-shaped waveguide cavity perpendicular to the axial direction is fan-shaped, and the corresponding central angle is 80-85 degrees.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114464513A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-05-10 | 电子科技大学 | Frequency locking, phase locking and allocation structure of coaxial magnetron |
| CN114664616A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-24 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of full-cavity coupling structure |
| CN114783848A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-07-22 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on ridge circular waveguide coupling structure frequency locking phase locking |
| CN114927399A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-19 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with split axial energy extraction structure |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114464513A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-05-10 | 电子科技大学 | Frequency locking, phase locking and allocation structure of coaxial magnetron |
| CN114783848A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-07-22 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on ridge circular waveguide coupling structure frequency locking phase locking |
| CN114783848B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-06-02 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on ridge waveguide coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking |
| CN114664616A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-24 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of full-cavity coupling structure |
| CN114664616B (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-05-23 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascading relativistic magnetron based on full-cavity coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking |
| CN114927399A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-19 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with split axial energy extraction structure |
| CN114927399B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-04-11 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with split axial energy extraction structure |
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