CN113487116A - Method for predicting water inflow of tunnel in water-rich composite stratum - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of prediction of tunnel water inflow, and provides a method for predicting water inflow of a tunnel in a water-rich composite stratum, wherein the predicted water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein Q isyPredicted water inflow in m for a tunnel traversing a complex formation3D; n is the number of layers of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum;
weighting the water inrush quantity in the ith stratum; qiIs the water inflow of the i-th stratum in m3D; i is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum provided by the embodiment of the invention is suitable for rock strata at any angle, and can be used for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratumWhen the water inflow amount is predicted, the error between the predicted water inflow amount and the actually measured water inflow amount can be controlled within +/-12 percent, and compared with the prior art, the accuracy of a prediction result is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel water inflow prediction, in particular to a method for predicting water inflow of a tunnel in a water-rich composite stratum.
Background
The tunnel is used as an underground long and narrow building and inevitably passes through different hydrogeological and engineering geological environments in the building process. When the tunnel passes through the water-bearing section of the rock-soil body, the construction destroys the seepage condition of the original underground water, and the tunnel body becomes an underground gallery which is externally discharged by different forms of seepage, dripping, streaming, large-scale water inrush and the like of the underground water, thereby forming a water burst disaster.
During the construction of the tunnel, due to the existence of tunnel water burst, the tunnel is not only filled with the underground tunnel and the equipment is submerged, but also great difficulty is brought to the construction, so that the reasonable prediction of the tunnel water burst and the corresponding measures are necessary.
The existing tunnel water inflow prediction method mainly comprises a Goodman empirical formula, a Cuibuth theoretical formula and a sectional flow method formula, and according to the result of comparison with the field actual measurement water inflow, the calculation result of the Goodman empirical formula is more accurate.
However, in the engineering practice, when the prediction method is used for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum, even if the calculation result is accurate in the goodman empirical formula, the error between the predicted water inflow and the actually measured water inflow is more than 20%, and the accuracy is still not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the water inflow of a tunnel in a water-rich composite stratum, and improve the accuracy of a prediction result.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum comprises the following steps of (1) calculating the predicted water inflow of the tunnel penetrating the composite stratum according to a formula:
wherein Q isyPredicted water inflow in m for a tunnel traversing a complex formation3D; n is the number of layers of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum;
weighting the water inrush quantity in the ith stratum; qiIs the water inflow of the ith formation,the unit is m3D; i is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the weight of the water inrush in the ith stratum is calculated according to the formula (2):
wherein d isiThe distance from the lower boundary of the ith stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel is m; d00; r is the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
calculating the water inflow of the ith stratum according to the formula (3):
wherein L is the length of the tunnel through the water-containing body and is m; kiThe permeability coefficient of soil in the ith stratum is expressed in m/d; h is the distance from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m.
Further, the corrected water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum is calculated according to the formula (4):
wherein Q isxCorrected water inflow for tunnel crossing complex formation in m3/d；QkiIs the measured water inflow of the ith stratum in m3/d。
Further, the cross section of the tunnel is a horseshoe-shaped cross section; the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel is calculated according to the formula (5):
r＝(h+D)/4 (5)
wherein h is the maximum height of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m; d is the maximum width of the tunnel cross section in m.
The method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum comprises the following steps of:
s1, equating the cross section of the tunnel to be a circular cross section to obtain the radius r of an equating circle of the cross section of the tunnel; measuring the distance H from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel; measuring the length L of the tunnel through the water-bearing body;
each stratum in the n layers of composite stratums penetrated by the tunnel is named as an ith stratum from top to bottom; wherein i is more than or equal to 1; obtaining the distance d from the lower boundary of the i-th stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel according to the thickness of each stratumi；
S2, obtaining the weight of the water inrush quantity in each stratum according to the formula (2);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
weighting the water inrush quantity in the ith stratum; diThe distance from the lower boundary of the ith stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel is m; d00; r is the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
obtaining the water inflow of each stratum according to a formula (3);
wherein Q isiIs the water inflow of the i-th stratum in m3D; l is the length of the tunnel through the water-containing body and is m; kiThe permeability coefficient of soil in the ith stratum is expressed in m/d; h is the distance from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
s3, obtaining the predicted water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum according to the formula (1);
wherein Q isyPredicted water inflow in m for a tunnel traversing a complex formation3D; and n is the number of layers of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum.
Further, after step S3 is completed, the method further includes:
s4, obtaining a correction coefficient of the predicted water inflow amount according to a formula (6);
wherein alpha is a correction coefficient for predicting water inflow; qkiIs the measured water inflow of the ith stratum in m3/d；
Obtaining the corrected water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum according to a formula (7);
Qx＝α×Qy (7)
wherein Q isxCorrected water inflow for tunnel crossing complex formation in m3/d。
Further, in step S1, the cross section of the tunnel is a horseshoe-shaped cross section; obtaining the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel according to a formula (5);
r＝(h+D)/4 (5)
wherein h is the maximum height of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m; d is the maximum width of the tunnel cross section in m.
Further, the stratum with the measured water inflow is as follows: the formation with the highest weight of water inflow.
Further, the measured water inflow Q of the ith stratum is measured by utilizing a mode of advance drillingki。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for predicting the water inflow amount of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum is suitable for rock strata at any angle, when the water inflow amount of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum is predicted, the error between the predicted water inflow amount and the actually measured water inflow amount can be controlled within +/-12%, and compared with the prior art, the accuracy of a prediction result is greatly improved.
2. According to the method for predicting the water inflow amount of the tunnel in the water-rich composite formation, provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the predicted water inflow amount is corrected through the correction coefficient, the error between the corrected water inflow amount and the actually measured water inflow amount can be controlled within +/-5%, and compared with the prior art, the accuracy of a prediction result is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below; it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water-rich composite formation tunnel provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the tunnel cross section equivalent to a circle from a horseshoe shape provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a water-rich composite formation tunnel in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the following further description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum provided by the embodiment of the invention assumes that the water inflow in the hole periphery range of the tunnel is uniformly distributed, and the predicted water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum is calculated according to a formula (1):
wherein Q isyPredicted water inflow in m for a tunnel traversing a complex formation3D; n is the number of layers of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum;
weighting the water inrush quantity in the ith stratum; qiIs the water inflow of the i-th stratum in m3D; i is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the weight of the water inrush in the ith stratum is calculated according to the formula (2):
wherein d isiThe distance from the lower boundary of the ith stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel is m; d00; r is the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
calculating the water inflow of the ith stratum according to the formula (3):
wherein L is the length of the tunnel through the water-containing body and is m; kiThe permeability coefficient of soil in the ith stratum is expressed in m/d; h is the distance from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m.
The method for predicting the water inflow amount of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum is suitable for rock strata at any angle, when the water inflow amount of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum is predicted, the error between the predicted water inflow amount and the actually measured water inflow amount can be controlled within +/-12%, and compared with the prior art, the accuracy of a prediction result is greatly improved.
To further improve the accuracy of the prediction result, it is preferable that the corrected water inflow of the tunnel penetrating the composite formation is calculated according to formula (4):
wherein Q isxCorrected water inflow for tunnel crossing complex formation in m3/d；QkiIs the measured water inflow of the ith stratum in m3/d。
According to the method for predicting the water inflow amount of the tunnel in the water-rich composite formation, provided by the embodiment of the invention, after the predicted water inflow amount is corrected through the correction coefficient, the error between the corrected water inflow amount and the actually measured water inflow amount can be controlled within +/-5%, and compared with the prior art, the accuracy of a prediction result is greatly improved.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the method for predicting water inflow of a tunnel in a water-rich composite formation provided by the embodiment of the invention, assuming that water inflow in a tunnel hole circumference range is uniformly distributed, includes the following steps:
s1, equating the cross section of the tunnel to be a circular cross section to obtain the radius r of an equating circle of the cross section of the tunnel; measuring the distance H from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel; measuring the length L of the tunnel through the water-bearing body;
each stratum in the n layers of composite stratums penetrated by the tunnel is named as an ith stratum from top to bottom; wherein i is more than or equal to 1; obtaining the distance d from the lower boundary of the i-th stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel according to the thickness of each stratumi；
S2, obtaining the weight of the water inrush quantity in each stratum according to the formula (2);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
weighting the water inrush quantity in the ith stratum; diThe distance from the lower boundary of the ith stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel is m; d00; r is the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
obtaining the water inflow of each stratum according to a formula (3);
wherein Q isiIs the water inflow of the i-th stratum in m3D; l is the length of the tunnel through the water-containing body and is m; kiThe permeability coefficient of soil in the ith stratum is expressed in m/d; h is the distance from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
s3, obtaining the predicted water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum according to the formula (1);
wherein Q isyPredicted water inflow in m for a tunnel traversing a complex formation3D; and n is the number of layers of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the shape of the cross section of the tunnel may be a circle, a horseshoe, etc., and is not limited specifically herein. Experiments show that the tunnel water inflow is slightly influenced by the shape of the cross section of the tunnel and is mainly influenced by the water seepage area. Therefore, for the sake of convenience of calculation, in step S1, the tunnel cross section is equivalent to a circular cross section, and the radius r of the equivalent circle of the tunnel cross section is obtained.
Referring to fig. 2, the tunnel cross section is shown as a horseshoe cross section, the solid lines in the figure are the contour lines of the tunnel cross section, and the dotted lines in the figure are the contour lines of the equivalent circles. Obtaining the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel according to a formula (5);
r＝(h+D)/4 (5)
wherein r is the radius of an equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m; h is the maximum height of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m; d is the maximum width of the tunnel cross section in m.
In step S1, referring to fig. 1, a tunnel penetrating through 4 layers of composite strata is taken as an example, and the 4 layers of composite strata are respectively the 1 st stratum, the 2 nd stratum, the 3 rd stratum and the 4 th stratum from top to bottom. The thickness of the 1 st stratum is t1Thickness of layer 2 formationDegree t2The thickness of the 3 rd stratum is t3The thickness of the 4 th stratum is t4. Wherein the sum of the thicknesses of the 4 layers of composite stratum is equal to the diameter of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, namely t1+t2+t3+t42 r. Distance d from lower boundary of layer 1 stratum to equivalent dome part of tunnel cross section1＝t1(ii) a Distance d from lower boundary of layer 2 stratum to equivalent dome part of tunnel cross section2＝t1+t2(ii) a Distance d from lower boundary of layer 3 stratum to equivalent dome part of tunnel cross section3＝t1+t2+t3(ii) a Distance d from lower boundary of layer 4 stratum to equivalent dome part of tunnel cross section4＝t1+t2+t3+t4。
In step S2, the weight of each formation water inflow refers to: the water inflow of each stratum accounts for the proportion of the total water inflow of the tunnel. In this embodiment, since the water inflow of each stratum is related to the water seepage area of each stratum in the tunnel hole, and the water seepage area of each stratum in the tunnel hole is related to the angle occupied by each stratum in the tunnel hole, the weight of the water inflow of each stratum can be obtained from the ratio of the angle occupied by each stratum in the tunnel hole. Specifically, the weight of the water gushing amount in each stratum is calculated according to the formula (2). The water inflow of each stratum can be calculated according to the existing Goodman empirical formula, and specifically, the water inflow of each stratum is calculated according to the formula (3).
In step S3, after the calculation of the water inflow of each stratum and the weight of the water inflow of each stratum is completed, the predicted water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum can be obtained according to the formula (1).
Because the predicted water inflow amount has a certain difference with the actual condition, correction is carried out based on the predicted water inflow amount of a certain stratum in order to further improve the accuracy of the prediction result of the tunnel water inflow amount. Specifically, after step S3 is completed, the method further includes:
s4, obtaining a correction coefficient of the predicted water inflow amount according to a formula (6);
wherein alpha is a correction coefficient for predicting water inflow; qkiIs the measured water inflow of the ith stratum in m3/d；
Obtaining the corrected water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum according to a formula (7);
Qx＝α×Qy (7)
wherein Q isxCorrected water inflow for tunnel crossing complex formation in m3/d。
Preferably, the measured water inflow Q is measuredkiThe formation of (a) is: the formation with the highest weight of water inflow. Measuring the measured water inflow Q of the ith stratum by using a mode of advanced drillingki. Of course, the measured water inflow Q of the ith stratum can be measured in other wayskiAnd is not particularly limited herein.
Example 1:
the existing water resource allocation project takes a certain section of the sub-tunnel of the project as an example: referring to fig. 3, the length L of the tunnel through the water-bearing body is 400 m; the number n of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum is 2; thickness t of layer 1 formation18.4 m; thickness t of layer 2 formation22.8 m; permeability coefficient K of layer 1 formation1＝8.64×10-3m/d; permeability coefficient K of layer 2 formation2＝8.64×10-4m/d; the radius r of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel is 5.6 m; the distance H from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel is 78.5 m; the above data can be obtained by the prior art, and are not described herein again.
Distance d from lower boundary of layer 1 stratum to equivalent dome part of tunnel cross section1＝t18.4 m; distance d from lower boundary of layer 2 stratum to equivalent dome part of tunnel cross section2＝t1+t2＝11.2m；
Weight of water gush in layer 1 formation:
weight of water gush in layer 2 formation:
water inflow of layer 1 formation:
water inflow of layer 2 formation:
predicted water inflow of the tunnel through the composite formation:
actually measuring the water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum to obtain the actually measured water inflow Q of the tunnels＝322.12m3/d；
Then the predicted water inflow QyAnd the actually measured water inflow QsThe error of (2) is:
measuring the actually measured water inflow Q of the 1 st stratum by adopting a mode of advanced drillingk1＝441.6m3D; then
The correction coefficient of the predicted water inflow is as follows:
the corrected water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum is as follows:
Qx＝α×Qy＝0.864×357.99＝309.303m3/d
then correcting the inflow amount QyAnd the actually measured water inflow QxThe error of (2) is:
therefore, the method for predicting the tunnel water inflow of the water-rich composite formation has higher accuracy, particularly has higher accuracy for predicting the corrected water inflow, and can accurately and reasonably predict the tunnel water inflow of the water-rich composite formation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum is characterized in that the predicted water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum is calculated according to a formula (1):
wherein Q isyPredicted water inflow in m for a tunnel traversing a complex formation3D; n is the number of layers of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum;
weighting the water inrush quantity in the ith stratum; qiIs the water inflow of the i-th stratum in m3D; i is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the weight of the water inrush in the ith stratum is calculated according to the formula (2):
wherein d isiThe distance from the lower boundary of the ith stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel is m; d00; r is the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
calculating the water inflow of the ith stratum according to the formula (3):
wherein L is the length of the tunnel through the water-containing body and is m; kiThe permeability coefficient of soil in the ith stratum is expressed in m/d; h is the distance from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m.
2. The method for predicting the tunnel water inflow of the water-rich composite formation according to claim 1, wherein the corrected water inflow of the tunnel penetrating the composite formation is calculated according to the formula (4):
wherein Q isxCorrected water inflow for tunnel crossing complex formation in m3/d；QkiIs the measured water inflow of the ith stratum in m3/d。
3. The method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite formation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross section of the tunnel is a horseshoe-shaped section; the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel is calculated according to the formula (5):
r＝(h+D)/4 (5)
wherein h is the maximum height of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m; d is the maximum width of the tunnel cross section in m.
4. The method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite stratum is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, equating the cross section of the tunnel to be a circular cross section to obtain the radius r of an equating circle of the cross section of the tunnel; measuring the distance H from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel; measuring the length L of the tunnel through the water-bearing body;
each stratum in the n layers of composite stratums penetrated by the tunnel is named as an ith stratum from top to bottom; wherein i is more than or equal to 1; obtaining the distance d from the lower boundary of the i-th stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel according to the thickness of each stratumi；
S2, obtaining the weight of the water inrush quantity in each stratum according to the formula (2);
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
weighting the water inrush quantity in the ith stratum; diThe distance from the lower boundary of the ith stratum to the equivalent dome part of the cross section of the tunnel is m; d00; r is the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
obtaining the water inflow of each stratum according to a formula (3);
wherein Q isiIs the water inflow of the i-th stratum in m3D; l is the length of the tunnel through the water-containing body and is m; kiThe permeability coefficient of soil in the ith stratum is expressed in m/d; h is the distance from the static water level to the center of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m;
s3, obtaining the predicted water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum according to the formula (1);
wherein Q isyPredicted water inflow in m for a tunnel traversing a complex formation3D; and n is the number of layers of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum.
5. The method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite formation according to claim 4, wherein after the step S3 is completed, the method further comprises:
s4, obtaining a correction coefficient of the predicted water inflow amount according to a formula (6);
wherein alpha is a correction coefficient for predicting water inflow; qkiIs the measured water inflow of the ith stratum in m3/d；
Obtaining the corrected water inflow of the tunnel penetrating through the composite stratum according to a formula (7);
Qx＝α×Qy (7)
wherein Q isxCorrected water inflow for tunnel crossing complex formation in m3/d。
6. The method for predicting the tunnel water inflow of the water-rich composite formation according to claim 4 or 5, wherein in the step S1, the cross section of the tunnel is a horseshoe-shaped section; obtaining the radius of the equivalent circle of the cross section of the tunnel according to a formula (5);
r＝(h+D)/4 (5)
wherein h is the maximum height of the cross section of the tunnel, and the unit is m; d is the maximum width of the tunnel cross section in m.
7. The method for predicting the water inflow of the tunnel in the water-rich composite formation according to claim 5, wherein the formation for measuring the actually measured water inflow is as follows: the formation with the highest weight of water inflow.
8. The method for predicting the tunnel water inflow of the water-rich composite formation according to claim 5, wherein the measured water inflow Q of the i-th formation is measured by using a pilot drilling modeki。
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| CN114233268A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-25 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Tunnel excavation water inflow prediction method based on horizontal directional drilling exploration hole |
| CN115457735A (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2022-12-09 | 山东大学 | Inrush water wireless monitoring device and method based on infrared thermal imaging and video monitoring |
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