CN113484322B - Optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method and system capable of feeding back axial optical trap position in real time - Google Patents
Optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method and system capable of feeding back axial optical trap position in real time Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method and system capable of feeding back the position of an axial optical trap in real time, and the optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method and system comprise a laser (1), a piezoelectric driving reflector (2), an adjustable conjugate mirror group (3), a receiving actuator (4), a first spectroscope (5), an objective lens (6), a second spectroscope (7), an imaging lens (8), an imaging camera (9), an illumination light source (10), a non-centrosymmetric diaphragm (11), a feedback lens (12), a feedback camera (14) and transparent microspheres (15), wherein parallel laser light emitted by the laser (1) is emitted to the central position of the piezoelectric driving reflector (2), the propagation direction of the laser light is changed by the self-rotation of the piezoelectric driving reflector (2), and the horizontal focusing displacement of the laser light under the objective lens (6) is controlled. The longitudinal focusing height of the adjustable conjugate lens group (3) under the objective lens (6) can be controlled by adjusting the displacement of the conjugate lens through the nano-actuator (4).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical tweezers optical super-resolution imaging method and system capable of feeding back the position of an axial optical trap in real time.
Background
Due to the existence of diffraction limit, the traditional optical microscope cannot observe image information with the resolution less than 0.6 time of the wavelength of the illumination light, and the research and exploration of microstructures such as chips, proteins and the like are limited. Therefore, the novel appearance characterization technology independent of optical imaging, such as an atomic force microscope, an electron beam microscope and the like, is developed. However, these new technologies still have many technical barriers which are difficult to solve, and some technologies are extremely harsh to the working environment. For example, when an atomic force microscope works, zero vibration of the surrounding environment is required to prevent the probe from being interfered, an electron beam microscope needs to realize normal imaging of a sample under a vacuum condition, and the sample to be detected needs to have certain electron transfer capability. In addition, these techniques require separate scanning of each point of the sample due to the non-optical imaging, which is much longer than the optical imaging. Therefore, it is difficult for these novel non-optical imaging techniques to achieve light-weight, real-time, and comprehensive morphological characterization.
In past researches, the transparent microspheres are proved to break through the diffraction limit of optics, realize the super-resolution imaging capability with simplicity, rapidness and large visual field and have wide application prospect. However, how to place and realize the precise displacement of the microspheres and simultaneously perform real-time super-resolution imaging has been a difficulty of the technology, and the development of the technology in practical application is severely limited. The optical tweezers technology utilizes highly focused laser beams to generate optical traps with strong optical gradients, has the characteristics of nanoscale spatial displacement resolution, mechanical measurement of piconewton order, non-contact and no damage, and is widely applied to the fields of monomolecular biomechanics, microcosmic physics and the like. Because the optical tweezers have the characteristic of stably capturing micron-sized particles, the optical tweezers technology can replace the traditional mechanical structures such as cantilever beams and the like, realize the accurate displacement of the transparent microspheres and realize the microsphere super-resolution imaging based on the optical tweezers.
However, up to now, there are still many limitations in optical tweezers based microsphere super-resolution imaging:
1 the conventional optical tweezers system has a plurality of spectroscopes, dichroic mirrors and other necessary optical components in the optical path for coupling, separating, filtering the illumination light and capturing the laser [1] Not only can the illumination light intensity be reduced, but also more interference can be introduced, the resolution and the contrast of the imaging module can be influenced, and super-resolution imaging is not facilitated;
2 because the wavelengths of the laser for capturing the microspheres and the illumination light for super-resolution are not the same, the position of the light trap of the laser under the objective lens and the focusing position of the illumination light have a certain vertical height difference, which means that the magnification and the focus position of the super-resolution can only be determined by the material of the microspheres and the components of the buffer solution [2][3] And the popularization and application of the microsphere super-resolution are limited to a greater extent.
Reference to the literature
[1] Combined versatilis high-resolution optical twezers and single-substrate fluorescence micro-surgery [ J ]. Review of Scientific Instruments,2012,839. DOI.
[2] YAN B, WANG Z, PARKER A L et al. Superlening microscopical objective lens [ J ]. Applied Optics,2017, 563142. DOI.
[3] Immersion microsphere lens control for super-resolution optical imaging [ J ] optical precision engineering, 2018, 265.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the optical super-resolution imaging method and device based on the traditional optical tweezers structure and provided with the indirect axial optical trap position feedback technology have the characteristics of flexibility and simplicity in operation, large observation field and high observation speed, and cannot damage a sample. The technical scheme is as follows:
an optical tweezers super-resolution imaging system capable of feeding back axial optical trap positions in real time comprises a laser 1, a piezoelectric driving reflector 2, an adjustable conjugate lens group 3, a nano-dynamic actuator 4, a first spectroscope 5, an objective lens 6, a second spectroscope 7, an imaging lens 8, an imaging camera 9, an illumination light source 10, a non-centrosymmetric diaphragm 11, a feedback lens 12, a feedback camera 14 and transparent microspheres 15, wherein the non-centrosymmetric diaphragm 11, the feedback lens 12 and the feedback camera 14 form a feedback module,
the parallel laser emitted by the laser 1 is emitted to the central position of the piezoelectric driving reflector 2, the propagation direction of the laser is changed by the self-rotation of the piezoelectric driving reflector 2, and the horizontal focusing displacement of the laser under the objective lens 6 is controlled.
The reflected light of the piezoelectric driving reflector 2 realizes beam expanding operation of laser through the adjustable conjugate mirror group 3, and the central position of the piezoelectric driving reflector 2 and the entrance pupil position of the objective lens 6 are conjugated, so that the laser is emitted into the objective lens to be focused under the rotation of the piezoelectric driving reflector 2;
the adjustment of the divergence and convergence angles of the laser can be realized by adjusting the displacement of the conjugate lens behind the adjustable conjugate lens group 3 through the nano-actuator 4, and the longitudinal focusing height of the adjustable conjugate lens group under the objective lens 6 is controlled.
The illumination light source 10 is reflected to the first spectroscope 5 through the second spectroscope 7, the transmitted light of the illumination light source is coupled with the laser reflected light passing through the adjustable conjugate mirror group 3 through the first spectroscope 5, the coupled light enters the objective lens 6 to be focused, and the focused laser forms a light trap for capturing the transparent microspheres 15 on the surface of the sample 16; the illuminating light is used for super-resolution imaging through the transparent microspheres.
The transmitted laser of the first beam splitter 5 passes through the non-centrosymmetric diaphragm 11 and the feedback lens 12 and then is imaged on the feedback camera 14. When the divergence and convergence angles of the injected laser are changed, the focusing position of the laser after passing through the feedback lens 12 is changed, and the light spot imaging on the feedback camera 14 is also changed correspondingly; the non-centrosymmetric diaphragm 11 is placed perpendicular to the optical axis direction, its projection image on the feedback camera is non-centrosymmetric, and is used for distinguishing the divergence and convergence states of the laser, and at this time, the laser focal position of the feedback lens 12 is linearly related to the focal position under the objective lens 6.
The illumination light reflected from the surface of the sample 16 is incident into the imaging camera 9 for super-resolution imaging after passing through the transparent microspheres 15, the objective lens 6, the first spectroscope 5, the second spectroscope 7 and the imaging lens 8.
Further, the laser is a fiber coupled solid state laser with 1064nm wavelength continuous wave output.
The optical tweezers super resolution imaging system of claim 1, wherein the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter form an angle of 45 ° with the light transmission direction.
Furthermore, the size of the transparent microspheres is 5-20 μm.
Furthermore, an adjustable optical filter is arranged between the feedback lens and the feedback camera, and the adjustable optical filter is used for adjusting the light flux in real time according to the light spot intensity so as to ensure the safety of the camera.
Further, the imaging camera is equipped with a filter for filtering laser light for protecting the camera imaging chip.
The invention also provides an optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method realized by the system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: calibrating the optical tweezers super-resolution imaging system, adjusting the piezoelectric driving reflector to the central position in the calibration process, and transmitting and projecting laser to the centers of all the lenses, the spectroscope, the objective lens and the camera device so as to ensure the maximum degree of freedom of the system during working; the adjustable conjugate mirror group is adjusted by the nano-actuator to ensure that the divergence and convergence angles of the emergent laser are 0 degree, namely the emergent laser is parallel light. At this time, the focal position of the feedback camera on the feedback lens is adjusted, and the focal position of the imaging camera on the imaging lens is adjusted.
Step 2: adjusting the light path of the illumination light source while adjusting the light path of the laser, reflecting the illumination light to the first spectroscope through the second spectroscope, coupling the illumination light with the laser reflection light at the first spectroscope, and injecting the illumination light into the objective lens; and (4) taking a standard sample to calibrate the system, and adjusting the illumination light source, the feedback camera and the imaging camera to an imaging state. This calibrated state is set as the initial state of the system.
And 3, step 3: replacing a standard sample with a sample with transparent microspheres, capturing the transparent microspheres by using laser, adjusting the height of the sample after the transparent microspheres are captured, and adjusting an adjustable conjugate lens group to control the longitudinal height of the transparent microspheres by using a nano-dynamic actuator after the sample can be clearly imaged so as to realize finer imaging adjustment; at the moment, the transparent microspheres are regarded as being acted by the light trap force only, namely the position of the light trap is regarded as the longitudinal position of the microspheres, and the position of the light trap under the objective lens is calculated through a feedback camera, so that indirect axial position feedback is realized.
And 4, step 4: the piezoelectric driving reflector is rotated to control the horizontal displacement of the position of the optical trap under the objective lens, at the moment, the longitudinal position of the optical trap cannot be changed, and the transparent microspheres are controlled to move relatively on the surface of the sample to scan and splice images, so that super-resolution imaging is realized.
Furthermore, the position of the axial light trap under the objective lens is fed back in real time by a feedback module, and the divergence and convergence angles of the laser, namely the rising and falling displacements of the light trap are calculated by the projection area of the laser on a feedback camera; the divergence and convergence states of the laser are distinguished by the projection direction of the non-centrosymmetric diaphragm.
Furthermore, different basic magnification ratios are realized by changing the material of the transparent microspheres and the type of the buffer solution.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the optical tweezers technology is combined with the characteristic that the transparent microspheres can break through the optical diffraction limit without contact, so that the real-time super-resolution technology with simplicity, rapidness and large field of view is realized, and the optical tweezers can perform optical imaging on a nano-grade sample.
2 the laser focal position is separated from the illumination light focal position. The longitudinal adjustment of the laser focusing position can be realized by adjusting the conjugate lens group, so that the transparent microspheres are controlled to generate displacement relative to the illuminating light focus, the continuous adjustable magnification adjustment is realized, and the surface of a sample is imaged more flexibly. At the moment, the focal position of the laser can be indirectly fed back by the feedback camera, so that more accurate closed-loop control is realized.
Compared with the traditional optical tweezers system, the optical path used in the invention simplifies part of lenses, reduces the loss of light intensity to a certain extent, simultaneously reduces the interference of ambient light, and effectively improves the definition and contrast of super resolution.
4 through carrying out rotation regulation to piezoelectricity drive speculum, the horizontal displacement of optical trap under the steerable objective to realize that the microballon carries out relative movement on the sample surface, through scanning concatenation survey and drawing, and then realize the super-resolution imaging under the big visual field.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural diagram of an apparatus for implementing optical super-resolution imaging based on optical tweezers according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of three typical structures of a non-centrosymmetric diaphragm.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The laser 1 used by the system is an optical fiber coupling solid-state laser with 1064nm wavelength continuous wave output, the emergent light is parallel light, and the power can stably work at 0.5-5W; the spectroscopes 5, 7 can separate the light intensity of the light with the wavelength of 350-1100 nm, and the splitting ratio (reflection: transmission) is 50; the adjustable optical filter 13 is controlled in real time by the feedback camera 14, and the maximum power of the laser on the imaging chip is limited on the premise of ensuring clear imaging of light spots, so that the camera is prevented from being burnt by the laser; the imaging camera 9 is pre-installed with a laser filter to prevent laser from being injected into the camera to burn the camera; the illumination source 10 preferably uses a kohler illumination system and is fine-tuned according to the sample structure; the objective lens can be replaced according to the characteristics of a sample, the objective lens used for the aqueous buffer solution is a high-power water immersion objective lens with the size of 63 multiplied by the number, and the numerical aperture is 1.2 so as to ensure the maximization of optical trapping force and super-resolution.
The method for carrying out super-resolution imaging based on the invention comprises the following steps:
step 1: when observing super-resolution imaging, the system needs to be calibrated firstly. In the calibration process, the piezoelectric driving reflector 2 is adjusted to the central position, and at the moment, laser is transmitted and projected to the centers of all devices such as a lens, a spectroscope, an objective lens, a camera and the like so as to ensure the maximum degree of freedom of the system during working; the adjustable conjugate mirror group 3 is adjusted by the nano-actuator 4 to ensure that the divergence and convergence angle of the emergent laser is 0 degree, namely the emergent laser is parallel light. At this time, the focal position of the feedback camera 14 on the feedback lens 12 is adjusted, and the focal position of the imaging camera 9 on the imaging lens 8 is adjusted.
And 2, step: when the light path of the laser is adjusted, the light path of the illumination light source 10 also needs to be adjusted, and the illumination light is reflected to the spectroscope 5 through the spectroscope 7, coupled with the laser at the spectroscope 5 and emitted into the objective lens 6. At this time, a standard sample is taken to calibrate the system, and the illumination light source 10, the feedback camera 14 and the imaging camera 9 are adjusted to the optimal imaging state. This calibrated state is set as the initial state of the system.
And 3, step 3: the standard sample is replaced with a sample 16 to be tested with transparent microspheres 15, and the transparent microspheres 15 are captured using laser. After the microspheres are captured, the height of the sample can be adjusted in advance, and after the sample can be imaged clearly, the longitudinal height of the microspheres is controlled by adjusting the adjustable conjugate lens group 3 through the nano-actuator 4, so that finer imaging adjustment is realized. At this time, the buoyancy and gravity of the microsphere are similar, and the microsphere can be regarded as being acted by the light trapping force only, that is, the position of the light trapping can be regarded as the longitudinal position of the microsphere. Since the feedback lens 12 is linearly related to the focal position of the laser under the objective lens 6, the position of the optical trap under the objective lens 6 can be calculated by the feedback camera 14, so as to realize indirect axial position feedback.
And 4, step 4: after the adjustment to the optimal imaging state, the horizontal displacement of the position of the optical trap under the objective lens 6 can be controlled by rotating the piezoelectric driving mirror 2, and the longitudinal position of the optical trap is not changed. By controlling the relative movement of the transparent microspheres 15 on the surface of the sample 16 and using a computer to scan and splice images, the surface of the sample can be mapped in a large area, and super-resolution imaging under a large field of view is realized.
Claims (7)
1. An optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method capable of feeding back axial optical trap positions in real time adopts a system comprising a laser (1), a piezoelectric driving reflector (2), an adjustable conjugate mirror group (3), a receiving actuator (4), a first spectroscope (5), an objective lens (6), a second spectroscope (7), an imaging lens (8), an imaging camera (9), an illumination light source (10), a non-centrosymmetric diaphragm (11), a feedback lens (12), a feedback camera (14), transparent microspheres (15), a non-centrosymmetric diaphragm (11), a feedback lens (12) and a feedback camera (14) to form a feedback module, wherein,
parallel laser emitted by the laser (1) is emitted to the central position of the piezoelectric driving reflector (2), the propagation direction of the laser is changed by the self-rotation of the piezoelectric driving reflector (2), and the horizontal focusing displacement of the laser under the objective lens (6) is controlled;
the beam expanding operation of the laser is realized by the reflected light of the piezoelectric driving reflector (2) through the adjustable conjugate mirror group (3), and the central position of the piezoelectric driving reflector (2) and the entrance pupil position of the objective lens (6) are conjugated, so that the laser is emitted into the objective lens to be focused under the rotation of the piezoelectric driving reflector (2);
the adjustment of the divergence and convergence angles of the laser can be realized by adjusting the displacement of the conjugate lens after the adjustable conjugate lens group (3) through the nano-actuator (4), and the longitudinal focusing height of the adjustable conjugate lens group under the objective lens (6) is controlled;
the illumination light source (10) is reflected to the first spectroscope (5) through the second spectroscope (7), transmitted light of the illumination light source is coupled with laser reflected light passing through the adjustable conjugate lens group (3) through the first spectroscope (5), the coupled light is emitted into the objective lens (6) to be focused, and the focused laser forms a light trap used for capturing transparent microspheres (15) on the surface of a sample (16); illuminating light is used for super-resolution imaging through the transparent microspheres;
the transmission laser of the first spectroscope (5) passes through the non-centrosymmetric diaphragm (11) and the feedback lens (12) and then is imaged on the feedback camera (14); when the divergence and convergence angles of the injected laser are changed, the focusing position of the laser passing through the feedback lens (12) is changed, and the light spot imaging on the feedback camera (14) is also changed correspondingly; the non-centrosymmetric diaphragm (11) is arranged in the direction vertical to the optical axis, the projection image of the diaphragm on the feedback camera is non-centrosymmetric and used for distinguishing the divergence and the furl state of the laser, and the laser focus position of the feedback lens (12) is linearly related to the focus position under the objective lens (6);
illuminating light reflected from the surface of a sample (16) is emitted into an imaging camera (9) for super-resolution imaging after passing through a transparent microsphere (15), an objective lens (6), a first spectroscope (5), a second spectroscope (7) and an imaging lens (8);
the super-resolution imaging method with optical tweezers includes the following steps:
step 1: calibrating the optical tweezers super-resolution imaging system, adjusting the piezoelectric driving reflector to the central position in the calibration process, and transmitting and projecting laser to the centers of all the lenses, the spectroscope, the objective lens and the camera device so as to ensure the maximum degree of freedom of the system during working; the adjustable conjugate mirror group is adjusted through the nano-actuator to enable the divergence and convergence angle of the emergent laser to be 0 degree, namely the emergent laser is parallel light; at the moment, the focal position of the feedback camera on the feedback lens is adjusted, and the focal position of the imaging camera on the imaging lens is adjusted;
and 2, step: adjusting the light path of the illumination light source while adjusting the light path of the laser, reflecting the illumination light to the first beam splitter through the second beam splitter, coupling the illumination light with the laser reflected light at the first beam splitter, and injecting the illumination light into the objective lens; taking a standard sample to calibrate the system, and adjusting the illumination light source, the feedback camera and the imaging camera to an imaging state; setting the calibrated state as the initial state of the system;
and step 3: replacing a standard sample with a sample with transparent microspheres, capturing the transparent microspheres by using laser, adjusting the height of the sample after capturing the transparent microspheres, and adjusting an adjustable conjugate lens group to control the longitudinal height of the transparent microspheres by a nano-dynamic actuator after the sample can be clearly imaged, so as to realize finer imaging adjustment; at the moment, the transparent microspheres are regarded as being acted by the light trap force only, namely the position of the light trap is regarded as the longitudinal position of the microspheres, and the position of the light trap under the objective lens is calculated through a feedback camera, so that indirect axial position feedback is realized;
and 4, step 4: the piezoelectric driving reflector is rotated to control the horizontal displacement of the position of the optical trap under the objective lens, at the moment, the longitudinal position of the optical trap cannot be changed, and the transparent microspheres are controlled to move relatively on the surface of a sample to scan and splice images so as to realize super-resolution imaging; the position of the axial light trap under the objective lens is fed back in real time by a feedback module, and divergence and convergence angles of laser, namely rising and falling displacements of the light trap are calculated by the projection area of the laser on a feedback camera; the divergence and convergence states of the laser are distinguished by the projection direction of the non-centrosymmetric diaphragm.
2. The optical tweezers super resolution imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the laser is a 1064nm wavelength continuous wave output fiber coupled solid state laser.
3. The optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the first beam splitter and the second beam splitter form an angle of 45 degrees with the light transmission direction.
4. The optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the size of the transparent microspheres is 5-20 μm.
5. The optical tweezers super-resolution imaging method according to claim 1, wherein an adjustable filter is arranged between the feedback lens and the feedback camera, and the adjustable filter is used for adjusting the amount of light passing in real time according to the intensity of the light spots to ensure the safety of the camera.
6. The optical tweezers super resolution imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the imaging camera is equipped with a filter for filtering laser light for protecting the camera imaging chip.
7. The optical tweezers super resolution imaging method according to claim 1, wherein different basic magnifications are achieved by changing the material of the transparent microspheres and the type of the buffer solution.
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CN110132920A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-16 | 北京大学 | A kind of optical ultra-discrimination imaging devices and methods therefor based on laser manipulation microballoon mirror |
CN110631992A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2019-12-31 | 南京理工大学 | Optical tweezers longitudinal positioning feedback device and method based on fluorescence coupling emergence |
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