CN113483698A - Calibration device and calibration method for perpendicularity between laser planes - Google Patents
Calibration device and calibration method for perpendicularity between laser planes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113483698A CN113483698A CN202110715749.4A CN202110715749A CN113483698A CN 113483698 A CN113483698 A CN 113483698A CN 202110715749 A CN202110715749 A CN 202110715749A CN 113483698 A CN113483698 A CN 113483698A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for calibrating perpendicularity between laser planes, which comprises a multi-tooth dividing table, an L-shaped metal plate, a plurality of detection targets and a stand column, wherein the L-shaped iron plate is provided with a three-scanning laser emitter, the lower part of the three-scanning laser emitter is provided with a magnetic seat, the three-scanning laser emitter is adsorbed on the L-shaped iron plate through the magnetic seat, and the stand column is vertical to a horizontal reference plane. The invention provides a digital optical plane verticality calibration device and a calibration method based on an exchange method for solving the problem that a laser plane can not be calibrated by referring to the verticality between object planes, and the exchange lining is realized by changing the establishment condition of a horizontal laser plane reference, so that the feasibility of calibrating the verticality between the laser planes is ensured; the influence of the perpendicularity error between the standard plane and the rectangular metal stand column is offset, so that the perpendicularity between the laser planes is calibrated; simple structure, low in manufacturing cost uses its process of carrying out the calibration, and is convenient fast, and the calibration accuracy is high and is fit for extensively popularizing and applying.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control machine tool calibration equipment, in particular to a calibration device and a calibration method for perpendicularity between laser planes.
Background
In modern industry, high-grade numerical control machine tools have the characteristics of high precision, large stroke, multi-axis linkage and the like, so the numerical control machine tools are widely applied to processing products with large integral size and complex structural shape. In order to guarantee the processing quality of products, the geometric precision of a high-grade numerical control machine tool needs to be ensured to meet the technical requirements, wherein the geometric precision comprises straightness, flatness, perpendicularity and the like. Because the stroke of the high-grade numerical control machine tool is too large, the mileage of the traditional lining measuring device is too small, and the lining measuring is required to be completed in a segmented manner at a long distance, the uncertain factors existing in the lining process are more, so that the measurement controllability is poor, and the lining measuring efficiency is low, therefore, the geometric parameters of the high-grade numerical control machine tool are measured by adopting the three-scanning laser transmitter. The three-scanning laser transmitter is used as high-precision laser equipment, and various factors in the transportation, installation and use processes can cause the laser turret to generate geometric deviation, so that the verticality between laser planes generated by the spin scanning of the laser turret needs to be confirmed to meet the technical indexes of the equipment, and the accuracy and reliability of the lining measuring result are ensured.
At present, a scheme for checking and verifying the verticality error in the geometric technical specification of a product is suitable for calibrating a real object, and a laser plane is generated by a laser emitter through rotation, so that the current metering device cannot meter. The traditional perpendicularity error detection and verification scheme is suitable for calibration of a real object, and a laser plane generated by rotation of a laser transmitter cannot be calibrated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser plane verticality calibrating device which can effectively improve the calibrating efficiency and accuracy.
The invention also aims to provide a method for calibrating the verticality between the laser planes with high efficiency and accuracy by using the calibrating device.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a calibration device for perpendicularity between laser planes comprises a multi-tooth dividing table at the lower part, an L-shaped metal plate arranged on the upper surface of the multi-tooth dividing table, a three-scanning laser emitter arranged on the lower plate surface of the L-shaped iron plate, a magnetic seat fixed at the lower part of the three-scanning laser emitter, a plurality of detection targets capable of detecting laser emitted by the three-scanning laser emitter and an upright post for fixing the detection targets, wherein the upright post is perpendicular to a horizontal reference plane.
The working principle of the technical scheme is that the geometric collimation measuring system consists of a precise three-scanning collimation laser and a detection target, wherein the precise three-scanning collimation laser is provided with two vertical lasers and a horizontal laser and is provided with an adjustable base. The three-dimensional diagram of the calibrating device is shown in figure 1, and the calibrating device consists of a multi-tooth dividing table and an L-shaped metal plate, wherein the multi-tooth dividing table can accurately adjust the rotating angle, and the L-shaped metal plate can horizontally and vertically place a precise three-scanning collimating laser.
In order to better realize the device of the invention, a rectangular iron block is further arranged between the magnetic seat and the L-shaped iron plate. The purpose of rectangle iron plate is in order to adjust the height of three scanning laser emitter, makes it can be better with surveying the target cooperation, realizes accurate calibration.
In order to better realize the device of the invention, furthermore, the lower plate surface and the inner side of the vertical plate surface of the L-shaped iron plate are both provided with marks for placing rectangular iron blocks.
A method for calibrating perpendicularity between laser planes comprises the following steps:
s1: installing the calibration device of any one of claims 1 to 3, and constructing a horizontal laser plane reference based on the calibration device;
s2: reading indication values of the detection rule target at the near point and the far point on the upright column;
s3: rotating the three-scanning laser transmitter to rotate 180 degrees, and then reestablishing the horizontal laser plane reference;
s4: reversely rotating the three-scanning laser emitter by 180 degrees to return the three-scanning laser emitter to the original position;
s5: reading indication values of the detection rule target at the near point and the far point on the upright column again;
d6: and calculating the laser plane perpendicularity error according to the indicating value read in the step S2 and the step S5 and a laser plane perpendicularity error calculation formula.
In step S3 and step S4, the three-scan laser emitter is rotated 180 °, the horizontal laser plane reference is reestablished, and the three-scan laser emitter is rotated in the reverse direction to the original position, so that the perpendicularity error between the standard plane and the rectangular metal upright has an opposite effect on the measurement result.
In order to better implement the method of the present invention, in step S1 and step S3, the method of establishing the horizontal laser plane reference point is to establish the horizontal laser plane reference point by a three-point method, that is, the pitch angle and the roll angle of the three-scanning laser transmitter are adjusted, so that the indication values of the detection targets at the near point and the far point in the pitch axis direction are zero, and the indication value of the detection target at the far point in the rolling oil direction is zero.
In order to better implement the method of the present invention, in step S2 and step S5, the detection target is first placed at the near point of the upright and the indication value is set to zero, and then placed at the far point of the upright, and the distance between the near point and the far point is required to be greater than 0.5 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a digital optical plane verticality calibration device and a calibration method based on an exchange method for solving the problem that a laser plane can not be calibrated by referring to the verticality between object planes, and the exchange lining is realized by changing the establishment condition of a horizontal laser plane reference, so that the feasibility of calibrating the verticality between the laser planes is ensured;
(2) the invention further realizes the calibration of the perpendicularity between the laser planes by offsetting the influence of the perpendicularity error between the standard plane and the rectangular metal stand column;
(3) the calibration device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, rapidness and convenience in the calibration process by using the calibration device, high calibration precision and suitability for wide popularization and application.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an alignment device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the calibration device of the present invention during the calibration process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser reference plane established during calibration according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the initial mounting position of each structure during calibration according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the measured positions of structures during calibration according to the method of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-multiple tooth dividing table, 2-L type metal plate, 3-three scanning laser emitter, 4-magnetic base, 5-rectangular iron block, 6-detecting target and 7-upright column.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
the main structure of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, includes a multi-tooth dividing table 1 at the lower part and an L-shaped metal plate 2 disposed on the upper surface of the multi-tooth dividing table 1, a three-scanning laser emitter 3 is disposed on the lower plate surface of the L-shaped iron plate 2, a magnetic base 4 is fixed at the lower part of the three-scanning laser emitter 3, the three-scanning laser emitter 3 is adsorbed on the lower plate surface of the L-shaped iron plate 2 through the magnetic base 4, and the main structure further includes a plurality of detection targets 6 capable of detecting laser emitted by the three-scanning laser emitter 3, and an upright 7 for fixing the detection targets 6, and the upright is perpendicular to a horizontal reference surface.
The specific calibration process, as shown in fig. 2, includes the following steps:
s1: installing the calibration device of any one of claims 1 to 3, and constructing a horizontal laser plane reference based on the calibration device;
s2: reading indication values of the detection target 6 at the near point and the far point on the upright post 7;
s3: rotating the three-scanning laser emitter 3 to rotate 180 degrees, and then reestablishing the horizontal laser plane reference;
s4: rotating the three-scan laser transmitter 3180 in the reverse direction to return to the original position;
s5: reading indication values of the detection target 6 at the near point and the far point on the upright post 7 again;
d6: and calculating the laser plane perpendicularity error according to the indicating value read in the step S2 and the step S5 and a laser plane perpendicularity error calculation formula.
In both the step S1 and the step S3, the method of establishing the horizontal laser plane reference point is to establish the horizontal laser plane reference point by a three-point method, that is, the pitch angle and the roll angle of the three-scanning laser emitter are adjusted, so that the indication values of the target at the near point and the far point in the pitch axis direction are zero, and the indication value of the target at the far point in the rolling oil direction is zero.
In the steps S2 and S5, the detection target 6 is placed at the near point on the upright post 7 and the indication value is set to zero, and then placed at the far point on the upright post 7, and the distance between the near point and the far point is required to be greater than 0.5 m.
In steps S3 and S4, the rotation of the three-scan laser transmitter by 180 ° re-establishes the horizontal laser plane reference, and then rotates in the reverse direction to the original position, so that the perpendicularity error between the standard plane and the rectangular metal upright has an adverse effect on the measurement result.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment, a rectangular iron block 5 is further added, and the rectangular iron block 5 is further disposed between the magnetic base 4 and the L-shaped iron plate 2. The purpose of rectangle iron plate is in order to adjust the height of three scanning laser emitter, makes it can be better with surveying the target cooperation, realizes accurate calibration. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and are not described again.
Example 3:
in the present embodiment, on the basis of the above embodiment, the structure of the L-shaped iron plate 2 is further defined, and the lower plate surface and the inner side of the vertical plate surface of the L-shaped iron plate 2 are both provided with marks for placing the rectangular iron blocks 5. Other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of the above embodiment, and are not described again.
Example 4:
the embodiment provides a specific calibration example, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the specific calibration steps are as follows:
1) establishing a laser reference plane LP # 1 parallel to three reference detection targets of the machine tool body, as shown in FIG. 3;
2) LP # 3 was calibrated to be parallel to the reference probe target, as shown in FIG. 4;
3) measuring the laser plane LP # 2 with the probe target to obtain data MP # 1 and MP # 2 of the measuring points, as shown in FIG. 4;
4) adjusting the multi-tooth dividing table to drive the precision three-scanning collimating laser to rotate 90 degrees, and calibrating LP # 2 to enable the precision three-scanning collimating laser to be parallel to the reference detection target, as shown in FIG. 5;
5) and adjusting the multi-tooth dividing table again to drive the precision three-scanning collimating laser to rotate reversely by 90 degrees, measuring the laser plane LP # 3 by using the measuring target, and obtaining data MP # 3 and MP # 4 of the measuring points, as shown in FIG. 5. Taking the example as an example, the distance between measurement point # 1 and measurement point # 2 is 5inch, MP # 1 is 0.0000 ", MP # 2 is 0.0020", MP # 3 is 0.0000 ", MP # 4 is 0.0030", and the perpendicularity between laser plane LP # 2 and laser plane LP # 3 is b/w, i.e., (MP #4-MP # 2)/2 =0.0005 "in 5 inch.
If the plane verticality between the laser horizontal plane LP # 1 and the laser vertical planes LP # 2 and LP # 3 needs to be calibrated, the precise three-scan collimation laser instrument needs to be placed on the vertical plane of the L-shaped iron plate, and the laser 2 or 3 is ensured to face upwards, and the verticality between the laser plane LP # 1 and the laser planes LP # 2 and LP # 3 can be calculated by the specific calibration method by referring to the calibration process.
It will be appreciated that the principles and operation of the calibration device structure, such as the multi-tooth indexing table 1 and the magnetic base 4, are well known in the art, and are well known to those skilled in the art, wherein the multi-tooth indexing table 1 is a precision angle measuring tool (i.e. a length measuring tool) composed of two end-toothed discs having the same outer diameter, tooth shape and tooth pitch. The figure shows the profile of a multi-tooth indexing table. During measurement, the upper toothed disc is lifted and rotated by an angle according to the basic value of the measured angle, then the upper toothed disc is lowered to be meshed with the lower toothed disc again, and the rotated angle is compared with the measured angle, so that the error of the measured angle can be measured. The multi-tooth dividing table is often combined with an autocollimator for detecting polyhedral prisms, angle measuring blocks, optical rotary tables and the like, or combined with a micrometer (see a comparator) and the like for measuring the circumferential error of high-precision gears, the dividing error of a dividing plate and the like; and can also be used for precise indexing in machining and the like. The number of teeth on the face-toothed disc is typically 3, such as 360, 720 and 1440.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The calibration device for the perpendicularity between the laser planes is characterized by comprising a multi-tooth dividing table (1) at the lower part and an L-shaped metal plate (2) arranged on the upper surface of the multi-tooth dividing table (1), wherein a three-scanning laser emitter (3) is arranged on the lower plate surface of the L-shaped iron plate (2), a magnetic seat (4) is fixed at the lower part of the three-scanning laser emitter (3), the three-scanning laser emitter (3) is adsorbed on the lower plate surface of the L-shaped iron plate (2) through the magnetic seat (4), the calibration device further comprises a plurality of detection targets (6) capable of detecting the laser emitted by the three-scanning laser emitter (3) and a stand column (7) for fixing the detection targets (6), and the stand column is perpendicular to a horizontal reference plane.
2. The device for calibrating the perpendicularity between the laser planes as claimed in claim 1, wherein a rectangular iron block (5) is further arranged between the magnetic base (4) and the L-shaped iron plate (2).
3. The device for calibrating the perpendicularity between laser planes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the lower plate surface and the inner side of the vertical plate surface of the L-shaped iron plate (2) are provided with marks for placing rectangular iron blocks (5).
4. A method for calibrating perpendicularity between laser planes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: installing the calibration device of any one of claims 1 to 3, and constructing a horizontal laser plane reference based on the calibration device;
s2: reading indication values of the detection rule target (6) at a near point and a far point on the upright post (7);
s3: rotating the three-scanning laser transmitter (3) to rotate 180 degrees, and then reestablishing the horizontal laser plane reference;
s4: reversely rotating the three-scanning laser emitter (3) by 180 degrees to return the three-scanning laser emitter to the initial position;
s5: reading indication values of the detection rule target (6) at the near point and the far point on the upright post (7) again;
d6: and calculating the laser plane perpendicularity error according to the indicating value read in the step S2 and the step S5 and a laser plane perpendicularity error calculation formula.
5. The method for calibrating perpendicularity between laser planes as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method for establishing the horizontal laser plane reference point in steps S1 and S3 is to establish the horizontal laser plane reference point by a three-point method, i.e. adjusting the pitch angle and the roll angle of the three-scanning laser transmitter so that the indication values of the target at the near point and the far point in the pitch axis direction are zero and the indication value of the target at the far point in the rolling oil direction is zero.
6. The method for calibrating perpendicularity between laser planes as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein in the steps S2 and S5, the detection target (6) is placed at a near point on the upright post (7) and the indication value is set to zero, and then placed at a far point on the upright post (7), and the distance between the near point and the far point is required to be greater than 0.5 m.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN117020754A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-11-10 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Tool and method for detecting geometric precision of numerical control machining center of flexible production line |
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| CN113483698B (en) | 2022-08-12 |
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