CN113477687B - Method for restoring low-permeability stratum contaminated soil through chemical oxidation in cooperation with hydraulic fracturing - Google Patents
Method for restoring low-permeability stratum contaminated soil through chemical oxidation in cooperation with hydraulic fracturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN113477687B CN113477687B CN202110657738.5A CN202110657738A CN113477687B CN 113477687 B CN113477687 B CN 113477687B CN 202110657738 A CN202110657738 A CN 202110657738A CN 113477687 B CN113477687 B CN 113477687B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for restoring low-permeability stratum polluted soil by chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing, which is characterized in that the in-situ permeation and solubilization of the low-permeability stratum are realized by adopting a hydraulic fracturing technology, in the hydraulic fracturing process, a drill hole is pushed to the depth where fracture will occur, high-pressure water is injected into the bottom of an injection well to serve as a fracturing starting point, then a propping agent and fracturing fluid are pumped into a fracturing area at high pressure, when the pressure of the fluid exceeds the fracture toughness of the soil or rock, a crack perpendicular to an injection pipeline is created in the soil or rock, and the propping agent and the fracturing fluid are used for preventing the crack from being folded again under the action of gravity; the in-situ chemical oxidation is adopted in cooperation with the hydraulic fracturing technology, so that the flow conductivity of the cracks is effectively improved, and the method is mainly used for repairing low-permeability stratum soil polluted by petroleum, chlorinated solvents, benzene series, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of contaminated soil remediation, in particular to a method for remediating low-permeability stratum contaminated soil by chemical oxidation in cooperation with hydraulic fracturing.
Background
Organic pollutants are a common pollutant and widely exist in various industrial polluted fields such as pesticides, chemical engineering, petroleum, smelting, coking and the like; the organic pollutants are various in types, and mainly comprise volatile organic compounds such as benzene series and the like, semi-volatile organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, polychlorinated biphenyl and the like, and persistent organic compounds such as organic pesticide hexachloro cyclohexane and dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and the like.
In the process of repairing the polluted soil, a chemical oxidation technology is generally adopted, which is to add/inject a specific chemical oxidation agent into the polluted soil and underground water, degrade organic pollutants in the soil and underground water into carbon dioxide and water through chemical oxidation, or convert the organic pollutants into low-toxicity substances; according to the site cleaning treatment technology published by EPA: annual status report (14 th edition), 66 super-fund sites were repaired by chemical oxidation technology during 2005-2011.
In-situ chemical oxidation repair involves injection of an oxidizing agent, however, injection of a liquid oxidizing agent faces a common problem, namely, a soluble pollutant migrating from a pollution source region usually diffuses from a transmission region to a low permeability region, and the permeability of the low permeability stratum is generally 1 to 10 × 10 -3 µm 2 The method mainly refers to silty soil, silty clay, silty sandstone, mudstone and other soil and rock formations with strong compactness, and when target pollutants exist in a low-permeability zone, the target pollutants are difficult to inject, and the phenomenon of chemical agent slurry return is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems of difficult injection of chemical agents and easy slurry return in the prior art for a low-permeability stratum, and provides an optimized method for repairing low-permeability stratum contaminated soil through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing, which is mainly used for repairing low-permeability stratum soil contaminated by petroleum, chlorinated solvents, benzene compounds, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing combined remediation method for low-permeability stratum contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring geological information of the polluted soil, and determining technological parameters;
preferably, in the step 1, the geological information includes particle size distribution, vertical permeability coefficient, horizontal permeability coefficient, mass density, porosity and natural water content; determining technological parameters through a hydraulic fracturing injection test, wherein the technological parameters comprise injection pressure, average pump speed and injection mode of fracturing fluid and viscosity of the fracturing fluid;
factors influencing the hydraulic fracturing effect comprise the injection flow rate of the fracturing fluid, the injection mode, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid and the water content of soil, and under normal conditions, the injection flow rate of the fracturing fluid is increased, and the fracturing effect is firstly increased and then reduced;
the viscosity of the fracturing fluid influences the breaking capacity of the fracturing fluid, and the higher the viscosity is, the larger the breaking capacity is, and the better the fracturing effect is;
when the soil moisture content is high, the higher pore water pressure can reduce the fracture toughness of the clay and influence the crack propagation; setting the injection pressure as P injection, wherein P injection = P breaking + P wearing resistance + P local damage-P hydraulic pressure;
the stratum fracture pressure Pburst = beta H, beta is a fracture pressure gradient, is an empirical constant obtained by statistical data of a fracturing process, and generally has a relation with stratum thickness, geological characteristics, stratum pressure and the like, the thicker the stratum is, the more compact the soil is, the larger the beta value is, and H is the depth of the middle part of the fractured stratum;
p abrasion resistance is the abrasion resistance pressure drop when fracturing fluid flows in a pipe column, P local loss is the local resistance loss of the downhole tool to fluid, and P liquid column is the liquid column pressure in a shaft;
the P value is generally obtained by on-site hydrogeological exploration and field test;
when the stratum is silt or silty clay, obtaining the injection pressure of the hydraulic fracturing technology from 1.2 to 2.5MPa, the hydraulic breakthrough pressure of the hydraulic fracturing technology is about 2.5MPa, and the average pump speed of the fracturing fluid is from 0.035 to 0.045m through an on-site injection test 3 /min。
Preferably, the injection mode is intermittent injection; the intermittent injection can generate better fracturing effect than the continuous injection, and the intermittent time has great influence on the fracturing effect; under the condition determined by other factors, detecting the optimal fracturing time of continuous fracturing, and then taking the fracturing time as the unit time of intermittent fracturing to obtain the optimal effect;
here, the test results are obtained based on actual situations in the field, for example, the design of the test is as follows:
the injection time is 20 seconds, the injection is divided into three modes,
(1) 10 second injection, 20 second intermittent, 10 second injection;
(2) Injection was carried out for 20 seconds without pause;
(3) 5 second injection, 20 second intermittent, 5 second injection;
the test results show that the hydraulic fracturing effect of the first injection mode is best.
Step 2: laying a hydraulic fracturing injection well; the hydraulic fracturing injection well and the accessory equipment are external open-air equipment, a valve, a pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge are respectively arranged at the pipe orifice of the hydraulic fracturing injection well and are connected with a medicament injection system, the hydraulic fracturing injection well is built in a hydraulic direct pushing mode, and a well pipe is directly pressed into a stratum; the agent injection system comprises, but is not limited to, a fracturing truck and a medicine feeding system, wherein the fracturing truck is arranged outside the hydraulic fracturing injection well, and the medicine feeding system feeds medicine to the hydraulic fracturing injection well through the fracturing truck.
Preferably, in the step 2, the hydraulic fracturing injection well comprises an inner pipe and a sleeve sleeved outside the inner pipe, the pipe orifices of the inner pipe and the sleeve are both positioned above the soil, and the sleeve corresponding to the polluted soil layer is a slit well screen section.
Preferably, a first fracturing truck is arranged at a pipe orifice matched with the inner pipe and used for pumping fracturing fluid, and liquid spraying equipment is arranged at the lower part of the inner pipe corresponding to the slit well screen section; and a second fracturing truck is arranged at the pipe orifice matched with the casing pipe and is used for pumping fracturing fluid and/or propping agent.
The hydraulic fracturing injection well is a complete well pipe, the well pipe comprises an inner pipe and a sleeve outside the inner pipe, 10cm pipe caps are respectively arranged at the bottom of the well and the top of the well, and the top of the well is 0.5m above the ground; the inner pipe can be a PVC pipe with the diameter of 60 mm; the casing pipe at the depth of 5-33m from the surface of the polluted soil is a slit well screen section, the burial depth and the length of the slit well screen section are determined by the distribution depth of pollutants and a medicament injection target stratum, generally, the width of a slit is 1-2mm, the distance is 1.5cm, and the slit well screen section is formed by arranging a plurality of cracks capable of releasing medicaments on the casing pipe.
Specifically, the sleeve is divided into two parts of a slit well screen and a non-slit well screen, the slit well screen section is used for injecting fracturing fluid, propping agent, oxidation material and the like, and the non-slit well screen section mainly plays a supporting role; the length of the casing is determined according to the depth of a soil layer to be repaired, the burial depth of the slit well screen section is determined by the distribution depth of pollutants and a medicament injection target layer, and the length of the slit well screen section is determined by the thickness of a fractured stratum;
furthermore, the whole well pipe needs to be sealed, but a pipeline needs to be arranged to be connected with an external fracturing truck and a chemical feeding system, and a liquid sprayer and a liquid spraying nozzle are arranged at the bottom of the inner pipe;
when hydraulic fracturing is carried out, fracturing fluid passes through the first fracturing truck and the second fracturing truck and is pumped in from the inner pipe and the sleeve simultaneously, proppant mixed in the fracturing fluid of the second fracturing truck is added from the top of the sleeve, and the fluid pumped in by the inner pipe is sprayed out from a fluid nozzle of a fluid sprayer at the bottom of the inner pipe to change the flow direction, so that the proppant is prevented from sinking.
And step 3: preparing a chemical agent for chemical oxidation in cooperation with hydraulic fracturing;
in step 3, the medicament comprises fracturing fluid and proppant; the volume ratio of fracturing fluid to proppant is about 2~6:1; the viscosity of the fracturing fluid influences the proportion of the proppant, and the volume of the proppant in the water-in-oil fracturing fluid is about 15 to 25 percent;
the fracturing fluid takes oil as a dispersion medium, an oxidation medicament aqueous solution as a dispersion phase and an oil-soluble amino acid type surfactant as an emulsifier, and the emulsified fracturing fluid is prepared by mixing 4.95 to 30 percent of the volume of the dispersion medium, 69.95 to 95 percent of the volume of the dispersion phase and 0.05 to 2 percent of the volume of the emulsifier; wherein the oil is biodegradable plant extract oil such as tung oil, the aqueous solution of the oxidizing agent generally comprises potassium permanganate aqueous solution, sodium persulfate aqueous solution, etc., and the oil-soluble amino acid surfactant comprises sodium cocoamidopropionate;
the proppant is a slow-release oxidizing agent particle, such as a calcium-based oxide.
In the invention, the fracturing fluid of the medicament for hydraulic fracturing contains an oxidized liquid component, and the propping agent is a slow-release oxidized material, thereby not only playing the role of the propping agent, but also having the oxidation performance.
And 4, step 4: injecting a medicament into the injection well to perform hydraulic fracturing and synergetic oxidation; the fracturing fluid and the proppant can be mixed and injected intermittently, and the medicine feeding system/the medicine injection system needs to be continuously stirred during the injection process to prevent the proppant from being precipitated.
Preferably, in the step 4, a drilling machine is used for pressing the hollow drill rod and the drill bit into a preset depth, high-pressure injection of fracturing fluid is used for fracturing, and after hydraulic breakthrough is achieved, a propping agent is injected to increase the stratum permeability and maintain a fracture network; the hydraulic breakthrough refers to that when the stratum is fractured by fracturing fluid, the adopted pressure is firstly increased, the soil layer is suddenly cracked after reaching a high point, then the pressure is reduced to a stable state, the cracks of the soil layer can be continuously increased after the soil layer is cracked, and the high point of the increased pressure is the hydraulic breakthrough point.
Preferably, the hydraulic fracturing is performed every predetermined distance, such as 3 meters, within the injection well.
And 5: the medicine can fully react after injection.
Preferably, in the step 5, drilling and sampling are carried out in the remediation area at preset 1 or more time points, and the removal rate of the chemical oxidation agent on the pollutants in the low-permeability stratum soil and the improvement effect of the soil layer permeability coefficient under the hydraulic fracturing condition are detected; if the effect is not ideal, the fracturing strength is increased, and meanwhile, the stratum fracturing interval is reduced, namely, the pressure cracking holes are increased, so that the overall strength is increased from the longitudinal dimension and the horizontal dimension.
Preferably, the method is in situ injection.
The invention provides an optimized method for restoring soil polluted by a low-permeability stratum by chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing, which aims at the problems of difficult slurry return and injection of chemical agents of the low-permeability stratum and the like, adopts an in-situ chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing technology, injects a slow-release oxidant into the low-permeability stratum polluted by benzene series, adds substances such as a propping agent, a surfactant, a thickening agent and the like into fracturing fluid after clean water fracturing, effectively improves the flow conductivity of cracks, and restores soil polluted by petroleum, chlorinated solvents, benzene series, phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants and the like in the low-permeability stratum.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic fracturing injection well according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The floor area of a certain benzene series pollution site in Shanxi is about 57.76 ten thousand meters 2 The main pollutants in the soil and the underground water are benzene series substances comprising benzene and dimethylbenzene, wherein the concentration ranges of the benzene and the dimethylbenzene in the soil are respectively 18.5-1100 mg/kg and 532-900 mg/kg; the concentration range of benzene in the underground water is 2.96 to 177mg/L; the total soil remediation amount is about 18.91 ten thousand meters 3 The groundwater repair area is about 4.77 ten thousand meters 2 And the depth of pollution is 10m to 33m below the ground, and the method is adopted for repairing and treating.
After geological information of the polluted soil 1 is acquired, the field stratum is mostly clayey soil, the permeability is poor, and the concrete stratum is generalized as follows:
(1) 0-5.5 m: filling soil manually, mainly using silt;
(2) 5.5-18.5m: alternately depositing silt, medium coarse sand and coarse sand;
(3) 18.5-33.8m: powdery clay;
(4) 33.8-36.3m: a pebble layer;
(5) 36.3 to 40m: silty clay, not disclosed in >40 m;
the ground water flows from the northwest to the southeast.
Engineering implementation:
(1) Laying and establishing a hydraulic fracturing injection well: the injection well and the accessory equipment are external open-air equipment, the pipe openings of the injection well and the accessory equipment are respectively provided with a valve, a pressure gauge and a vacuum gauge (not shown in the figure, and the pipe openings of the injection well and the vacuum gauge are set by a person skilled in the art according to the needs) and are connected with corresponding medicament injection systems, and the hydraulic fracturing injection well is built in a hydraulic direct pushing mode, so that a well pipe is directly pressed into a stratum. The well pipe is a PVC pipeline with the diameter of 60mm, the well pipe comprises an inner pipe 2 and a sleeve 3 sleeved outside the inner pipe 2, the distance between the lower part of the well pipe and the ground is 5-33m, a slit well screen section 4 (polluted soil 0-5m below the ground is subjected to ex-situ remediation), the width of a slit is 1-2mm, the distance is 1.5cm, 10cm pipe caps are respectively arranged at the bottom and the mouth of the well, and the mouth of the well exceeds the ground by 0.5m; the well casing is provided with hydraulic fracturing fluid injection equipment (such as a pump, not shown in the figures, and the equipment can be set by a person skilled in the art according to the needs), and the outside of the well casing is connected with fracturing trucks (a first fracturing truck 5 and a second fracturing truck 6) and a medicament injection system.
(2) Preparing a medicament: the project medicament comprises fracturing fluid and proppant; the volume ratio of the fracturing fluid to the proppant is 5:1; the viscosity of the fracturing fluid influences the proportion of the proppant, and the volume of the proppant in the water-in-oil fracturing fluid is about 15 to 25 percent;
the fracturing fluid is prepared by mixing 4.95-30% of oil serving as a dispersion medium, 69.95-95% of an oxidizing agent aqueous solution serving as a dispersion medium and 0.05-2% of an oil-soluble amino acid type surfactant serving as an emulsifier to prepare an emulsified fracturing fluid; wherein the oil is biodegradable plant extract tung oil, and the volume ratio is 25%; the oxidizing agent aqueous solution is sodium persulfate aqueous solution, and the volume ratio is 74%; the oil-soluble amino acid type surfactant is sodium cocoamidopropionate, and the volume ratio is 1%; the proppant is calcium-based oxide particles;
the preparation proportion of each medicament can be prepared according to different proportions according to the types, the pollution degrees, the soil texture, the permeability and the like of pollutants in different pollution sites.
(3) Hydraulic fracturing and injection of permeability-enhancing proppant: the method comprises the following steps that a Geoprobe drilling machine presses a hollow drill rod and a drill bit into a designed depth, fracturing is carried out by injecting fracturing fluid at high pressure, after hydraulic breakthrough is achieved, developed propping agents are injected to increase the stratum permeability, a fracture network is maintained, hydraulic fracturing is carried out at intervals of 3m, the pressure is measured by experiments, the injection pressure is 2.01MPa, the fracturing fluid and the propping agents can be mixed and injected simultaneously and are injected intermittently, stirring is continuously carried out in the injection process to prevent the propping agents from precipitating, and specifically, a first fracturing truck 5 is used for pumping the fracturing fluid, and a second fracturing truck 6 is used for pumping the fracturing fluid and the propping agents; the liquid pumped by the inner tube 2 is sprayed out from a liquid spraying nozzle 8 of a liquid sprayer 7 at the bottom of the inner tube 2 to change the flow direction, so that the proppant is prevented from sinking;
(4) Full reaction and self-checking: after the injection of the chemical agent and the full reaction of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 months, drilling and sampling are carried out in a remediation area, and the removal rate of the chemical oxidation chemical agent on the pollutants in the low-permeability stratum soil and the improvement effect of the soil layer permeability coefficient under the hydraulic fracturing condition are detected;
(5) The permeability coefficient of the silty clay layer after hydraulic fracturing is 0.43 to 1.03 multiplied by 10 -6 The cm/s value is 1.79 to 3.83X 10 -4 cm/s。
The detection results of the benzene and toluene contents in the soil are shown in table 1:
table 1 comparison unit before and after remediation of benzene and toluene concentrations in soil: mg/kg
| Contamination of the body | Initial concentration | 0.5 month post-repair concentration | Removal rate | 1 month post-repair concentration | Removal rate of | 2 months after repair | Removal rate |
| Benzene (III) | 607 | 139.6 | 77% | 45.52 | 92.50% | 2.61 | 99.57% |
| Toluene | 233 | 56.15 | 75.9% | 24.27 | 89.58% | 2.03 | 99.13% |
It can be seen that the removal rates of benzene and xylene after 2 months of repair are 99.57% and 99.13%, respectively, and the removal rate is high.
Claims (9)
1. A method for restoring low-permeability stratum polluted soil by chemical oxidation in cooperation with hydraulic fracturing is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring geological information of the polluted soil, and determining technological parameters;
and 2, step: laying a hydraulic fracturing injection well;
and step 3: preparing a chemical agent for chemical oxidation in cooperation with hydraulic fracturing; the medicament comprises a fracturing fluid and a propping agent; the volume ratio of the fracturing fluid to the proppant is 2~6:1; the fracturing fluid takes oil as a dispersion medium, an oxidation medicament aqueous solution as a dispersion phase and an oil-soluble amino acid type surfactant as an emulsifier, and the emulsified fracturing fluid is prepared by mixing 4.95 to 30 percent of the volume of the dispersion medium, 69.95 to 95 percent of the volume of the dispersion phase and 0.05 to 2 percent of the volume of the emulsifier; the proppant is a sustained-release oxidation medicament particle;
and 4, step 4: injecting a medicament into the injection well to perform hydraulic fracturing and synergetic oxidation;
and 5: the medicine can fully react after injection.
2. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by the hypotonic stratum through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, the geological information comprises particle size distribution, vertical permeability coefficient, horizontal permeability coefficient, mass density, porosity and natural water content; and determining technological parameters through a hydraulic fracturing injection test, wherein the technological parameters comprise injection pressure, average pump speed and injection mode of the fracturing fluid and viscosity of the fracturing fluid.
3. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by the low-permeability stratum through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the injection mode is intermittent injection.
4. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by the hypotonic stratum through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 2, the hydraulic fracturing injection well comprises an inner pipe and a sleeve sleeved outside the inner pipe, pipe orifices of the inner pipe and the sleeve are both positioned above the soil, and the sleeve corresponding to the polluted soil layer is a slit well screen section.
5. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by the hypotonic stratum through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a first fracturing truck is arranged at the pipe orifice matched with the inner pipe and used for pumping fracturing fluid, and liquid spraying equipment is arranged at the lower part of the inner pipe corresponding to the slit well screen section; and a second fracturing truck is arranged at the pipe orifice matched with the casing pipe and is used for pumping fracturing fluid and/or propping agent.
6. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by the hypotonic stratum through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 4, pressing the hollow drill rod and the drill bit into a preset depth by using a drilling machine, injecting fracturing fluid at high pressure for fracturing, and injecting a propping agent to increase the stratum permeability and maintain a fracture network after hydraulic breakthrough.
7. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by the low-permeability stratum through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and performing hydraulic fracturing every preset distance in the injection well.
8. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by the hypotonic stratum through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 5, drilling and sampling in the repair area at 1 or more preset time points, and detecting the removal rate of the chemical oxidation agent on the pollutants in the low-permeability stratum soil and the improvement effect of the soil layer permeability coefficient under the hydraulic fracturing condition.
9. The method for remediating the soil contaminated by the hypotonic stratum through chemical oxidation and hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method is in situ injection.
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| CN114570759B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-06-30 | 广东工业大学 | Soil restoration control method and system for heat-assisted in-situ chemical oxidation |
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