CN113475218B - Cleaning device of single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a cleaning device of a single-longitudinal axial flow combine harvester, which comprises a separation roller, a concave plate sieve, a vibrating sieve, a fan, a grain screw and a residue screw; the output end of the fan is provided with two air channels, one air channel is used for sweeping an upper air channel between the concave plate sieve and the vibrating sieve, the other air channel is used for sweeping a lower air channel between the vibrating sieve and the seed auger, the air channels are provided with the electric heating devices, blown air can be heated, grains and stalks on the concave plate sieve can be dried by utilizing hot air in the upper air channel, the toughness and the strength of the stalks are reduced, and the blockage situation is reduced or avoided.

Description

Single vertical axial flow combine harvester cleaning device

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a cleaning device for a single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester.

Background technique

In recent years, due to the longitudinal axial flow threshing method adopted by the single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester, the threshing drum is relatively long and the speed is relatively low, the threshing effect is ideal, and the grain damage rate is relatively low, so it is more and more popular in the market. of favor. At present, most of the cleaning devices of single vertical axial flow combine harvesters adopt air screen type cleaning devices, which are mainly composed of fans, shaking plates for conveying the extracted mixture, cleaning screens, transmission mechanisms and the like.

When the combine harvester works ideally, the shaker plate and the cleaning screen reciprocate, and the separated mixture is continuously transported to the screen surface by the shaker plate. The light mixture such as husks and short stems is taken out of the machine under the action of airflow, and the slightly heavier mixture such as long stems and residual ears gradually moves to the back of the screen surface under the vibration of the sieve. Leak out, the stalks are discharged from the sieve, and the residual ears fall into the residual auger for re-detachment.

The invention with the application number CN201610023439.5 discloses a single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester cleaning device. Its solution uses the elimination of the eddy current generated under the original straight shaker plate, so that the air velocity at the front of the fish scale screen and the first weaving screen Increased to meet the requirement of high air velocity in the front section of the single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester, but in an ideal state, most of the materials fall from the front section for screening, but when the materials are relatively wet, the stalks and other fibers The toughness is increased, the adhesion is good, and the weight is also large, so it is easy to block the material and the separation is not easy in the front section. The grain will fall at the rear position, but when the position falls at the rear, the wind force will decrease, and the winnowing will not be able to It works well, so the cleanliness of the grain may be reduced.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester cleaning device to solve the problems raised in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a single longitudinal axial flow combined harvester cleaning device, including a detachment drum, a concave screen, a vibrating screen, a fan, a grain auger and a miscellaneous auger, the detachment There is an included angle of 5-10° between the drum and the horizontal direction. The detachment drum includes a drum shaft, a drum cone, a threshing rack and threshing teeth. The concave plate screen is located under the threshing rack and the threshing teeth. The vibrating screen is located below the concave plate sieve, the grain auger is located in the lower middle of the vibrating screen, the residual auger is located at the lower tail of the vibrating screen, and the fan is installed on the vibrating screen The front end of the fan, the outside of the fan is provided with a fan chamber, the fan chamber is provided with an upper air passage deflector and a lower air passage deflector, the edge of the lower air passage deflector is provided with a guide plate, and the upper air passage The inner side of the deflector forms a lower air passage for blowing air between the vibrating screen and the grain auger, and the upper air passage for blowing air between the concave plate screen and the vibrating screen is formed in the lower air passage deflector, and the lower air passage There are electric heating devices in both the air duct and the upper air duct.

Preferably, the air outlet end of the upper air passage is provided with a swing-type air guiding device linked with the fan through a clutch device, so that the wind blown out of the upper air passage is directed toward the bottom of the concave screen or the bottom of the concave screen. Between the vibrating screen or the upper part of the vibrating screen.

Preferably, the electric heating device includes two fixing plates and several heating wires connected between the two fixing plates, and the length direction of the heating wires is parallel to the direction of wind movement in the lower or upper air duct.

Preferably, the concave screen includes a curved screen plate and a mounting plate fixed on the upper edge of the curved screen plate, and the concave screen is divided into a connecting part, a side screen part and a bottom screen along its width direction. The bottom screening part is located in the middle of the arc-shaped sieve plate, and the side screening parts are located on both sides of the arc-shaped sieve plate.

Preferably, the arc-shaped sieve plate is divided into a front screening area and a middle and rear screening area along its length direction, and the front screening area is provided with sparse grid sieve plates and cut-off sieve plates at intervals, and the middle and rear sieve plates are arranged at intervals. There are several dense grid sieve plates distributed in parallel on the screening area of the section.

Preferably, the sparse grid sieve plate and the cut-off sieve plate are arranged along the width direction of the arc-shaped sieve plate, and the cut-off sieve plate includes a mesh sieve plate and a prismatic sieve plate, and the mesh sieve plate and the The position of the bottom screening part corresponds, the position of the prismatic sieve plate corresponds to the position of the side screening part, and the area of the prismatic groove on the prismatic sieve plate is the square groove on the grid sieve plate 1.5-2 times the area.

Preferably, the included angle of the prismatic grooves on the prismatic sieve plate in the width direction of the curved sieve plate is 60-80°.

Preferably, the swing-type air deflector includes an air deflector, a rotating shaft, a swing rod and a connecting rod, the wind deflector is hinged to the inner wall of the downflow deflector through a rotating shaft, and one end of the swing rod is fixed On the rotating shaft, the swing rod is parallel to the wind deflector, the first end of the connecting rod is hinged to the other end of the swing rod, and the second end of the connecting rod is hinged to the clutch On the crank connected to the device transmission.

Preferably, the front end of the deflector of the lower air channel is provided with a duckbill-shaped widening portion, and the front end of the deflector is provided with extensions extending to both sides.

Preferably, the clutch device includes a clutch plate, a gear, a sliding shaft, a control end and a spring, the gear is in transmission connection with the fan, the sliding shaft is fixedly connected to the clutch plate, and the sliding shaft runs through the The gear is fixedly connected with the gear circumferentially, the spring is provided between the clutch plate and the gear, and the control end is provided at the end of the sliding shaft away from the clutch plate.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

In the present invention, the output end of the fan is set as two air passages, one is used for blowing the upper air passage between the concave plate screen and the vibrating screen, and the other is used for blowing the downwind passage between the vibrating screen and the grain auger. and an electric heating device is installed in the air duct, which can heat the blown air, and use the hot air in the upper air duct to dry the grains and stalks on the concave plate sieve, reduce the toughness and strength of the stalks, and reduce or avoid At the same time, compared with the stalks, the grains themselves have better water encapsulation, so the stalks will lose water relatively quickly and reduce the quality, which is beneficial to be removed by winnowing, thereby improving the cleaning effect. On the one hand, the drying of the surface of the grain is beneficial to the storage of the grain.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the flat blowing state of the upper air channel in a kind of single vertical axial flow combined harvester cleaning device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the upward blowing state of the upper air duct in the cleaning device of a single longitudinal axial flow combined harvester of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the blowing state of the upper air duct in the cleaning device of a single longitudinal axial flow combined harvester of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a side view of the concave plate sieve in the cleaning device of a single longitudinal axial flow combined harvester of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the unfolded state of the concave plate sieve in the cleaning device of a single longitudinal axial flow combined harvester of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a swing-type air guiding device in a cleaning device of a single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester according to the present invention.

Symbols in the figure: 1, break away from the drum; 11, drum shaft; 12, drum cone; 13, threshing gear rod; 14, threshing tooth; 2, concave plate sieve; 201, connecting part; , bottom screening section; 21, installation plate; 22, arc-shaped sieve plate; 221, front section sieving section; 222, middle and back section sieving section; Sieve plate; 242, prismatic sieve plate; 25, dense grid sieve plate; 3, vibrating screen; 4, fan; 401, lower air duct; 402, upper air duct; 41, fan room; 411, upper air duct deflector; 412. Lower air duct guide plate; 413. Duckbill-shaped widening part; 42. Crank; 43. Electric heating device; 44. Guide plate; 5. Grain auger; 6. Miscellaneous auger; 71, wind deflector; 711, extension; 72, rotating shaft; 73, fork; 74, connecting rod; 81, clutch plate; 82, gear; 83, slide shaft; 84, control end; 85, spring.

Detailed ways

The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment: As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a cleaning device for a single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester, including a detachment drum 1, a concave screen 2, a vibrating screen 3, a fan 4, a grain auger 5 and a residual auger 6. The detachment drum 1 has an included angle of 5-10° with the horizontal direction. The detachment drum 1 includes a drum shaft 11, a drum cone 12, a threshing gear rod 13 and a threshing tooth 14. The drum shaft 11 is installed on the driving device, and the threshing gear The rod 13 is installed on the edge of one end face of the drum cone 12, the threshing gear 14 is installed on the threshing gear rod 13, the concave plate sieve 2 is located under the threshing gear rod 13 and the threshing gear 14, the vibrating screen 3 is located on the concave plate sieve 2 The bottom of the vibrating screen is mainly to further screen the materials falling from the concave plate sieve 2. The grain auger 5 is located in the lower middle of the vibrating screen 3. The selected materials after screening enter the granary from the grain auger 5, and the miscellaneous The auger 6 is located at the lower end of the vibrating screen 3, and the purged miscellaneous materials are gathered backward to the miscellaneous auger 6 and discharged. The fan 4 is installed at the front end of the vibrating screen 3, and the fan 4 is equipped with a fan chamber 41 , the fan chamber 41 is provided with an upper air passage deflector 411 and a lower air passage deflector 412, and the edge of the lower air passage deflector 412 is provided with a guide plate 44, and the guide plate 44 is mainly to guide the wind in the lower air passage deflector 412. Guide upwards to increase the contact time with the material, and can also carry out a certain heating treatment on the vibrating screen 3, and the inner side of the upper air duct deflector 411 forms a lower air duct that blows air between the vibrating screen 3 and the grain auger 5 401, the upper air duct 402 that blows air between the concave plate screen 2 and the vibrating screen 3 is formed in the lower air duct deflector 412, and the lower air duct 401 and the upper air duct 402 are equipped with electric heating devices 43, and the hot air in the upper air duct 402 can be used. Dry the grains and stalks on the concave screen 2 to reduce the toughness and strength of the stalks and reduce or avoid material blocking. The stalks will lose water quickly and reduce the quality, which is beneficial to be removed in winnowing, thereby improving the cleaning effect. On the other hand, the drying of the surface of the grains is conducive to the storage of grains.

Specifically, the air outlet end of the upper air passage 402 is provided with a swing-type air guide device 7 linked with the fan 4 through a clutch device, so that the wind blown from the upper air passage 402 is directed toward the bottom of the concave screen 2 or the concave screen 2 and the vibrating screen. 3 or the upper part of the vibrating screen 3, the clutch device is connected with the cab control device, which is convenient for the driver to control the swing state of the swing-type air guide device 7, and the swing-type air guide device 7 can control the direction of the hot air discharged from the upper air duct 402, Further, on the rotating shaft 72 of the wind deflector 71, the elastic paddles are respectively provided with switches near the upper and lower limit positions of the paddles. When the wind deflector 71 rotates close to the upper and lower limit positions, the paddles trigger the switch and the At the extreme position, elastic deformation occurs, and the switch is pressed continuously (to increase the duration of the high-power circuit), the high-power circuit of the electric heating device 43 is connected, and the power of the electric heating device 43 is increased to increase the temperature of the air outlet to achieve better When the wind deflector 71 leaves the limit position, the plectrum gradually recovers until it leaves the switch and returns to a low power state. , connect the high-power circuit at this time), the space between the air deflector 71 and the upper air duct 402 toward the air outlet direction gradually decreases, the heat can be concentrated, the wind speed can be increased, and the material at the front end of the concave screen 2 can be discharged. Rapid drying makes the stalks lose water, reduces the toughness and strength of the stalks, and reduces or avoids material blocking. At the same time, compared with the stalks, the grain itself has better moisture wrapping properties, so the stalks will be faster. Losing water reduces the weight, which is beneficial to be eliminated in air selection, thereby improving the cleaning effect. When blowing between the concave screen 2 and the vibrating screen 3 (the low power circuit is connected at this time), the wind deflector 71 equally divides the upper hand In the space of channel 402, the wind can be blown out from the upper air channel 402 more evenly, and does not require a lot of heat. The stems with light weight after dehydration are blown to the rear to remove impurities. When blowing the vibrating screen 3 (that is, the lower limit position of the wind deflector 71), the space between the wind deflector 71 and the upper air duct 402 toward the direction of the wind is reduced, even if the heat is concentrated and the wind speed is increased, it can prevent falling and accumulation The stalks etc. are blown to make the larger stalks lose water further, and at the same time they are blown up and then floated up to improve the cleaning effect.

Specifically, the electric heating device 43 includes two fixing plates and several heating wires connected between the two fixing plates. The heating wire can increase the contact time with the wind, and the temperature of the wind can reach 40-60 degrees Celsius by using a small power heating wire, the temperature is 40 degrees Celsius when the power is low, and the temperature is 60 degrees Celsius when the power is high.

Specifically, the concave sieve 2 includes a curved sieve plate 22 and a mounting plate 21 fixed on the upper edge of the curved sieve plate 22. The curved sieve plate 22 is installed on the frame through the mounting plate 21. The direction is divided into connecting part 201, side screening part 202 and bottom screening part 203. The connecting part 201 is the part of the installation plate 21, the bottom screening part 203 is located Located on both sides of the arc-shaped sieve plate 22, when materials enter the arc-shaped sieve plate 22, most of the granular and high-quality materials are concentrated in the bottom screening part 203, while the bar-shaped or rod-shaped materials are large in size and frictional The materials with strong force will be distributed in the side screening part 202, which is beneficial to the targeted screening of the materials.

Specifically, the arc-shaped sieve plate 22 is divided into a front section sieving section 221 and a middle and rear section sieving section 222 along its length direction. The front section 221 is provided with sparse grid sieve panels 23 and cut-off sieve panels 24 distributed at intervals, and the middle and rear section sieve sections 222. There are several dense grid sieve plates 25 distributed in parallel on the screening section 222. Since there are many materials accumulated at the screening area 221 in the front section, and materials are easy to accumulate, the sparse grid sieve plate 23 and the cut-off sieve plate 24 are designed. It is used to cut and discharge accumulated materials, while the screening area 222 in the middle and rear stage is relatively uniform in materials, mostly grains and small particles.

Specifically, the sparse grid sieve plate 23 and the cut-off sieve plate 24 are arranged along the width direction of the arc-shaped sieve plate 22, and the cut-off sieve plate 24 includes a mesh sieve plate 241 and a prismatic sieve plate 242, and the mesh sieve plate 241 and the bottom The position of the screening part 203 corresponds, and the position of the prismatic sieve plate 242 corresponds to that of the side screening part 202. The area of the prismatic groove on the prismatic sieve plate 242 is 1.5-2 times the area of the square groove on the grid sieve plate 241 , most of the granular and high-quality materials are concentrated at the bottom screening part 203, and the grid sieve plate 241 is used for discharging, while the materials with large volume and high friction such as strips or rods will be distributed on the side The screening part 202 makes use of the prismatic grooves on the prismatic sieve plate 242 to facilitate the entry of materials, and cuts the fibers according to the characteristics of the edges and corners.

Specifically, the included angle of the prismatic groove on the prismatic sieve plate 242 in the width direction of the arc-shaped sieve plate 22 is 60-80°. In this case, the symmetry line of the acute-angled edge is parallel to the movement direction of the threshing tooth 14, That is, the material is extruded by the threshing gear 14 into the prismatic groove, and is divided by the edges and corners to achieve the cutting effect. Even if the humidity of the fiber is high, the purpose of preventing material blocking can also be achieved.

Specifically, the swing-type wind deflector 7 includes a wind deflector 71, a rotating shaft 72, a swing rod 73 and a connecting rod 74. The wind deflector 71 is hinged on the inner wall of the lower air duct deflector 412 through the rotating shaft 72, and one end of the swing rod 73 Fixed on the rotating shaft 72, the swing rod 73 is parallel to the wind deflector 71, the first end of the connecting rod 74 is hinged on the other end of the swing rod 73, and the second end of the connecting rod 74 is hinged on the crank 42 connected to the clutch device , when the crank 42 rotates, it will drive the connecting rod 74 and the fork 73 to swing back and forth, that is, the wind deflector 71 swings at the outlet of the inner wall of the downflow deflector 412, so that the wind blows up and down or to a flat place.

Specifically, the front end of the downflow deflector 412 is provided with a duckbill-shaped widening portion 413 , and the front end of the air deflector 71 is provided with extensions 711 extending to both sides, which can increase the coverage of the wind in width.

Specifically, the clutch device includes a clutch plate 81, a gear 82, a sliding shaft 83, a control end 84, and a spring 85. The gear 82 is in transmission connection with the fan 4, and the sliding shaft 83 is fixedly connected to the clutch plate 81, and the sliding shaft 83 passes through the gear 82 and It is fixedly connected with the gear 82 in the circumferential direction, a spring 85 is arranged between the clutch plate 81 and the gear 82, and the end of the sliding shaft 83 away from the clutch plate 81 is provided with a control end 84, and the control end 84 is driven by a steel wire through a pedal or a handle. And the gear 82 meshes with the gear on the shaft of the fan 4. When the fan 4 rotates, the gear 82 rotates accordingly, and the clutch plate 81 also rotates continuously. When the end 84 drives the sliding shaft 83 to slide to the left (as shown in FIG. 6 ), the clutch plate 81 is separated from the crank 42, and the crank 42 loses power at this moment.

Working principle: The material is fed from the drum cone 12 to between the threshing tooth rod 13, the threshing tooth 14 and the concave plate sieve 2, and the threshing tooth 14 beats and disperses the material on the concave plate sieve 2. The granular and high-quality materials are concentrated at the bottom screening part 203 and are discharged by the mesh sieve plate 241, while the materials with large volume and high friction such as strips or rods are distributed in the side screening part 202 , use the prismatic groove on the prismatic sieve plate 242 to make the material easy to enter, and according to the characteristics of the edges and corners, the fibers are cut off, and the clutch device is connected to the cab control device, which is convenient for the driver to control the swinging air guide device 7 In the swing state, the swing-type air guide device 7 can control the direction of the hot air discharged from the upper air duct 402. When the lower part of the front end of the concave screen 2 is blown, the material at the front end of the concave screen 2 can be dried to make the stalks Loss of water reduces the toughness and strength of the stalk, reduces or avoids material blocking. At the same time, compared with the stalk, the grain itself has a better moisture wrapping property, so the stalk will lose water more quickly and reduce its quality. It is beneficial to be eliminated in winnowing, so as to improve the cleaning effect. When blowing between the concave screen 2 and the vibrating screen 3, it can sweep the lighter materials backward to remove the impurities. When blowing When the upper end surface of the vibrating screen 3 is used, the fallen and accumulated stalks can be blown to make them float up and move to the rear easily to improve the cleaning effect. The vibrating screen 3 is located below the concave screen 2. Mainly to further screen the materials falling from the concave plate sieve 2, the grain auger 5 is located in the lower middle of the vibrating screen 3, the selected materials after screening enter the granary from the grain auger 5, and the miscellaneous auger 6 Located at the lower end of the vibrating screen 3, the purged miscellaneous materials are gathered backward to the miscellaneous auger 6 and discharged.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims (1)

1. A cleaning device for a single longitudinal axial flow combine harvester, characterized in that it includes a separation drum (1), a concave screen (2), a vibrating screen (3), a fan (4), and a grain auger (5) and the miscellaneous auger (6), the detachment drum (1) has an included angle of 5-10° with the horizontal direction, and the detachment drum (1) includes a drum shaft (11), a drum cone (12), a threshing Gear bars (13) and threshing teeth (14), the concave plate sieve (2) is located under the threshing gear bars (13) and threshing teeth (14), the vibrating screen (3) is located on the concave plate Below the sieve (2), the grain auger (5) is located in the lower middle of the vibrating sieve (3), and the miscellaneous auger (6) is located at the lower end of the vibrating sieve (3), the The fan (4) is installed at the front end of the vibrating screen (3), and the fan (4) is provided with a fan chamber (41) outside, and the fan chamber (41) is provided with an upper air duct deflector (411) and the lower air passage deflector (412), the edge of the lower air passage deflector (412) is provided with a guide plate (44), and the inner side of the upper air passage deflector (411) forms a The lower air channel (401) for blowing air between the grain auger (5), and the upper air channel for blowing air between the concave plate screen (2) and the vibrating screen (3) is formed in the lower air channel deflector (412) (402), the lower air passage (401) and the upper air passage (402) are equipped with electric heating devices (43); The air outlet end of the upper air duct (402) is provided with a swing-type air guiding device (7) linked with the fan (4) through a clutch device, so that the wind blown from the upper air duct (402) is directed toward the The bottom of the concave screen (2) or between the concave screen (2) and the vibrating screen (3) or the upper part of the vibrating screen (3); The swing-type air guide device (7) includes an air guide plate (71), a rotating shaft (72), a swing rod (73) and a connecting rod (74), and the air guide plate (71) is hinged on the The inner wall of the lower air duct deflector (412), and one end of the swing rod (73) is fixed on the rotating shaft (72), and the swing rod (73) is parallel to the wind deflector (71) , the first end of the connecting rod (74) is hinged on the other end of the swing rod (73), and the second end of the connecting rod (74) is hinged on the crank (42) connected to the clutch device superior; The clutch device includes a clutch plate (81), a gear (82), a sliding shaft (83), a control end (84) and a spring (85), and the gear (82) is in drive connection with the fan (4). The sliding shaft (83) is fixedly connected with the clutch plate (81), and the sliding shaft (83) passes through the gear (82) and is fixedly connected with the gear (82) circumferentially, and the clutch plate ( 81) and the gear (82) are provided with the spring (85), and the end of the sliding shaft (83) away from the clutch plate (81) is provided with the control end (84).

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