CN113472037A - Battery pack balancing method, battery pack balancing device and battery management system - Google Patents
Battery pack balancing method, battery pack balancing device and battery management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113472037A CN113472037A CN202110705934.5A CN202110705934A CN113472037A CN 113472037 A CN113472037 A CN 113472037A CN 202110705934 A CN202110705934 A CN 202110705934A CN 113472037 A CN113472037 A CN 113472037A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The application is suitable for the technical field of battery management, and provides a battery pack balancing method and a battery pack balancing device, which are applied to a battery management system, wherein the battery management system comprises a battery pack and an external power supply connected with the battery pack, the battery pack comprises N single batteries, N is an integer greater than 1, and the battery pack balancing method comprises the following steps: determining a maximum voltage value, a minimum voltage value and a voltage average value in the battery pack according to the voltage value of each single battery; determining a target single battery to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and the current target stage of the battery pack; and controlling an external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets the preset requirement. The battery pack balancing method can flexibly balance the battery pack according to actual conditions, is high in balancing efficiency, and effectively relieves the service life attenuation of the battery pack.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to battery management technologies, and in particular, to a battery pack balancing method, a battery pack balancing apparatus, a battery management system, and a computer-readable storage medium.
Background
Lithium batteries are generally batteries that are assembled by connecting a plurality of lithium battery cells in series and parallel. Because there are differences in the initial capacity, internal resistance and self-discharge rate of each lithium battery cell in the lithium battery pack, the battery capacity difference between each lithium battery cell may also increase with the use of the lithium battery pack, which may cause the decay of the battery pack life. In order to solve the above problem, the battery pack may be actively equalized by an equalization function of the battery management system.
However, in the existing active equalization method for the battery pack, equalization is usually performed only when the voltages of all the lithium battery cells in the lithium battery pack are greater than a preset voltage value, and the difference between the voltage of the highest single battery and the voltage of the lowest single battery in the lithium battery pack is greater than a preset voltage difference threshold, otherwise, equalization is not performed. Therefore, the existing active equalization method for the battery pack has the problems that flexible equalization cannot be performed according to actual conditions, equalization efficiency is low, and the service life attenuation of the battery pack cannot be relieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a battery pack balancing method, a battery pack balancing device, a battery management system and a computer readable storage medium, and can solve the problems that the existing battery pack balancing method cannot flexibly balance according to actual conditions, is low in balancing efficiency and cannot relieve the service life attenuation of a battery pack.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack balancing method, which is applied to a battery management system, where the battery management system includes the battery pack and an external power supply connected to the battery pack, the battery pack includes N single batteries, where N is an integer greater than 1, and the battery pack balancing method includes:
determining a maximum voltage value, a minimum voltage value and a voltage average value in the battery pack according to the voltage value of each single battery;
determining a target single battery to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and a target stage where the battery pack is currently located;
and controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets the preset requirement.
Further, the determining a target single battery to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and the current target stage of the battery pack includes:
when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, determining the target single battery and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to a first difference value and a second difference value; the first difference value refers to a difference value between the maximum voltage value and the voltage average value; the second difference value refers to a difference value between the average voltage value and the minimum voltage value;
when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, determining that the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value is the target single battery, and determining that the strategy of charging the target single battery by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
Further, when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, determining the target single battery and the corresponding target balancing strategy according to the first difference and the second difference includes:
when the first difference is larger than the second difference, determining that the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value is the target single battery, and controlling a strategy of discharging operation of the external power supply on the target single battery to be used as the target balancing strategy;
and when the first difference is smaller than or equal to the second difference, determining that the second single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value is the target single battery, and determining that the strategy of charging the target single battery by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
Further, the controlling the external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets a preset requirement includes:
when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the difference value between the target voltage value of the target single battery and the voltage average value is smaller than or equal to a first preset difference value threshold;
or when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, controlling the external power supply to execute an equalizing operation according to the target equalizing strategy until the charging stage or the standing stage is finished.
Further, the controlling the external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets a preset requirement includes:
when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the difference value between the maximum voltage value and the target voltage value of the target single battery is smaller than or equal to a second preset difference value threshold;
or when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the discharging stage is finished.
Further, the determining a target single battery to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and the current target stage of the battery pack includes:
when the battery pack is in a charging stage and the overvoltage protection frequency of at least one single battery in the battery pack is greater than or equal to a preset frequency, determining the single battery as the target single battery, and determining a strategy of discharging operation of the target single battery by the external power supply as the target balancing strategy;
when the battery pack is in a discharging stage and the number of times of under-voltage protection of at least one single battery in the battery pack is greater than or equal to the preset number of times, determining that the single battery is the target single battery, and determining that a strategy for charging the target single battery by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
Further, the controlling the external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets a preset requirement includes:
when the battery pack is in the charging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute equalization operation according to the target equalization strategy until the charging stage is finished, and enabling the overvoltage protection times to return to zero;
and when the battery pack is in the discharging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the discharging stage is finished, and enabling the under-voltage protection frequency to return to zero.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack balancing device, which is applied to a battery management system, the battery management system includes the battery pack and an external power supply connected to the battery pack, the battery pack includes N single batteries, N is an integer greater than 1, the battery pack balancing device includes:
the first determining unit is used for determining the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value and the voltage average value in the battery pack according to the voltage value of each single battery;
the second determining unit is used for determining a target single battery to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and a target stage where the battery pack is currently located;
and the execution unit is used for controlling the external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets the preset requirement.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery management system, including:
a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the battery management system further comprises a battery pack and an external power source, and wherein the processor implements the steps of the battery pack balancing method according to any one of the first aspect when executing the computer program.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the battery pack balancing method according to any one of the first aspect.
In a fifth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, when the computer program product runs on a battery management system, the battery management system may execute the battery pack balancing method of any one of the first aspects.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the advantages that:
according to the battery pack balancing method provided by the embodiment of the application, the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value and the voltage average value in the battery pack can be determined according to the voltage value of each single battery, and then the target balancing strategy of the battery pack in different working stages is flexibly determined according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and the current target stage of the battery pack, namely, the target balancing strategy of the battery pack is not fixed and is changed according to the working stages of the battery pack; and finally, controlling an external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets the preset requirement. According to the battery pack balancing method, different balancing modes can be flexibly determined according to different working stages of the battery pack, the balancing efficiency of the battery pack is improved, and the service life attenuation of the battery pack is effectively relieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a battery pack balancing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a specific implementation of S202 in a battery pack balancing method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a battery equalization method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of a specific implementation of S203 in a battery pack balancing method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a specific implementation of S203 in a battery pack balancing method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a specific implementation of S202 in a battery pack balancing method according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of S203 in a battery pack balancing method according to yet another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack balancing device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present application with unnecessary detail.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "if" may be interpreted contextually as "when", "upon" or "in response to" determining "or" in response to detecting ". Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a [ described condition or event ] is detected" may be interpreted contextually to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting [ described condition or event ]" or "in response to detecting [ described condition or event ]".
Furthermore, in the description of the present application and the appended claims, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for distinguishing between descriptions and not necessarily for describing or implying relative importance.
Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the present application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," or the like, in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but rather "one or more but not all embodiments" unless specifically stated otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In all embodiments of the present application, the main execution body of the battery pack balancing method is a battery management system. As shown in fig. 1, the battery management system 1 may include an external power supply 20, a processor 30, and at least one equalization circuit 10 (n is shown, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1). The equalizing circuit 10 is connected to an external power supply 20 through a power supply bus, and the equalizing circuit 10 is connected to the processor 30 through a Controller Area Network (CAN) bus.
In practical applications, the external power source 20 may be a 12V battery.
In an embodiment of the present application, in order to ensure the power supply stability of the external power source 20, as shown in fig. 1, the battery management system 1 may respectively turn on one path for performing discharge equalization on the single battery (i.e., discharging the single battery to the external power source 20) and for performing charge equalization on the single battery (i.e., charging the single battery by the external power source 20) by the battery management system 1.
Each equalization circuit 10 includes a battery pack 11, a power supply 12, and an equalization channel 13, where the battery pack 11 includes N single batteries (12 are shown in the figure, B1-B12), and N is an integer greater than 1. The equalization channel 13 is used to describe a target equalization strategy determined by the battery management system through the battery pack equalization method in the embodiment of the present application.
The external power supply 20 is used for performing charging or discharging operations on the single battery to be equalized after the battery management system 1 determines the single battery to be equalized in the battery pack 11.
The power supply 12 is used to supply power to other circuits (or loads).
The Processor 30 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and the Processor 30 may also be other general purpose processors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), off-the-shelf Programmable Gate arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
In one embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the battery management system 1 may further include a memory 40 connected with the processor 30. The memory 40 may be configured to store a voltage value, a temperature value, the number of times of under-voltage protection, and the number of times of over-voltage protection of each single battery in the battery pack 10, which are acquired by the battery management system 10.
The under-voltage protection means the action of protecting the single battery when the voltage of the single battery is reduced to a first preset voltage threshold, and the over-voltage protection means the action of protecting the single battery when the voltage of the single battery exceeds a second preset voltage threshold. The first preset voltage threshold and the second preset voltage threshold may be set according to actual needs, and are not limited herein.
It should be noted that the storage 40 may be an internal storage unit of the battery management system 1 in some embodiments, for example, a memory of the battery management system 1. The memory 40 may also be an external storage device of the battery management system 1 in other embodiments, such as a plug-in hard disk, a Smart Media Card (SMC), a Secure Digital (SD) Card, a Flash memory Card (Flash Card), and the like provided on the battery management system 1. Further, the memory 40 may also include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the battery management system 1. The memory 40 is used for storing an operating system, an application program, a BootLoader (BootLoader), data, and other programs, such as program codes of the computer program. The memory 40 may also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or is to be output.
In another embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the battery management system 1 may further comprise a computer program 50 stored in the memory 40 and executable on the at least one processor 30. The processor 30 implements S201 to S203 described below when executing the computer program 50.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a battery pack balancing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of the present application, the main body of the battery pack balancing method may be the processor 30 in the battery management system 1. As shown in fig. 2, a battery pack balancing method provided in an embodiment of the present application may include steps S201 to S203, which are detailed as follows:
in S201, a maximum voltage value, a minimum voltage value, and a voltage average value in the battery pack are determined according to the voltage value of each of the unit batteries.
In the embodiment of the application, the processor can acquire the voltage values of all the single batteries in the battery pack in real time and sequence the acquired voltage values of all the single batteries in sequence from large to small, so that the maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value in the battery pack are determined.
Meanwhile, the processor calculates the average value of the voltage values of all the single batteries in the battery pack to obtain the voltage average value of the voltage values of all the single batteries in the battery pack.
In an implementation manner of the embodiment of the application, each single battery in the battery pack is connected with a battery collection line for collecting a voltage value, and therefore, the processor can obtain the voltage value of each single battery through the battery collection line.
In S202, a target cell to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy are determined according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and a target stage where the battery pack is currently located.
Note that the current finger processor determines the time at which the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, and the average voltage value in the battery pack are determined.
The stages of the battery include, but are not limited to: charging stage, discharging stage and standing stage. The charging stage refers to a stage when the battery pack outputs electric energy to other circuits (or loads), the discharging stage refers to a stage when the battery pack acquires the electric energy from the power supply, and the standing stage refers to a stage when the battery pack does not output the electric energy to the outside or acquires the electric energy from the power supply.
Based on this, the processor determines that the battery pack is in a discharging stage when detecting that the battery pack outputs electric energy to other circuits, determines that the battery pack is in a charging stage when detecting that the battery pack obtains the electric energy from the power supply, and determines that the battery pack is in a standing stage when detecting that the battery pack does not output the electric energy outwards nor obtains the electric energy from the power supply.
In the embodiment of the application, different stages of the battery pack can correspond to different target single battery determination modes. Wherein, the target single battery refers to the single battery needing to be equalized in the battery pack.
The target cell determination method includes, but is not limited to: and determining a target single battery according to the difference value (namely, a first difference value) between the maximum voltage value and the average voltage value and the difference value (namely, a second difference value) between the minimum voltage value and the average voltage value, and directly determining the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value as the target single battery.
When the battery pack is in the charging phase, it is indicated that the electric quantity of the single battery in the battery pack is increased, and therefore, when the battery pack is in the charging phase, the processor may determine the target single battery according to the first difference and the second difference. When the battery pack is in a discharging phase, the electric quantity of at least one single battery in the battery pack may be too low, and therefore, when the battery pack is in the discharging phase, the processor may directly determine the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value as the target single battery. When the battery pack is in the standing phase, it is indicated that the electric quantity of each single battery in the battery pack does not change, and therefore, when the battery pack is in the standing phase, the processor may determine the target single battery according to the first difference and the second difference. Based on the above, the processor may store the corresponding relationship between the different stages and the different target single battery determination manners in an associated manner.
In the embodiment of the application, different stages of the battery pack can correspond to different equilibrium strategy determination modes. Wherein, the balancing strategy includes but is not limited to: a charge equalization strategy and a discharge equalization strategy. The charging equalization strategy refers to charging operation on a target single battery, and the discharging equalization strategy refers to discharging operation on the target single battery.
When the battery pack is in a charging stage, the electric quantity of each single battery in the battery pack is increased, the electric quantity of the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value may greatly exceed the voltage average value, and the electric quantity of the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value is increased but still far smaller than the voltage average value, so that when the battery pack is in the charging stage, the processor can determine a target equalization strategy according to the difference value between the first difference value and the second difference value. When the battery pack is in a discharging stage, the electric quantity of each single battery in the battery pack is reduced, and the electric quantity of the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value may even be smaller than a first preset voltage threshold value. When the battery pack is in a standing stage, the electric quantity of each single battery in the battery pack is kept unchanged, at the moment, the electric quantity of the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value may greatly exceed the voltage average value, and the electric quantity of the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value may be far smaller than the voltage average value. The processor may store the correspondence between the different stages and the different target balancing policy determination manners in an associated manner.
Based on this, in an embodiment of the present application, the processor may specifically determine the target single battery to be equalized and the corresponding target equalization strategy through steps S301 to S302 shown in fig. 3, which are detailed as follows:
in S301, when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, the target single battery and the corresponding target balancing strategy are determined according to the first difference and the second difference.
When the battery pack is in the charging stage or the standing stage, the target cell may be a cell corresponding to the maximum voltage value or a cell corresponding to the minimum voltage value, and the balancing policy may be a charge balancing policy or a discharge balancing policy.
In this embodiment, different target single batteries may correspond to different balancing strategies. When the target single battery is the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value, it is described that the first difference is far greater than the second difference, that is, the electric quantity of the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value is too high, and therefore, when the target single battery is the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value, the strategy of performing the discharging operation on the target single battery by the external power supply is determined to be the target equalization strategy, that is, the discharging equalization strategy is the target equalization strategy. When the target single battery is the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value, it is described that the first difference is smaller than or equal to the second difference, that is, the electric quantity of the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value is too low, and therefore, when the target single battery is the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value, the strategy of performing the charging operation on the target single battery by the external power supply is determined to be the target equalization strategy, that is, the charging equalization strategy is the target equalization strategy. The terminal device can also store the preset corresponding relation between different processing results and different processing strategies in an associated manner.
Based on this, in another embodiment of the present application, S301 may specifically include S401 to S402 shown in fig. 4, which are detailed as follows:
in S401, when the first difference is greater than the second difference, determining that the cell corresponding to the maximum voltage value is the target cell, and determining that the strategy for performing the discharging operation on the target cell by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
In S402, when the first difference is smaller than or equal to the second difference, it is determined that the second cell corresponding to the minimum voltage value is the target cell, and it is determined that the policy for the external power supply to perform the charging operation on the target cell is the target balancing policy.
In this embodiment, when the processor detects that the battery pack is in the charging stage or the standing stage, the processor may flexibly determine the balancing policy of the target single battery, that is, the processor may control the external power supply to perform the charging operation on the target single battery, may also control the external power supply to perform the discharging operation on the target single battery, and is not limited by the charging stage or the standing stage in which the battery pack is currently located.
In S302, when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, determining that the battery cell corresponding to the minimum voltage value is the target battery cell, and determining that a policy for performing a charging operation on the target battery cell by the external power supply is the target balancing policy.
In this embodiment, when the battery pack is in the discharging stage, it is described that the electric quantity of each single battery in the battery pack is gradually reduced, and the electric quantity of the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value may be smaller than a first preset voltage threshold, so as to affect the operations of other circuits.
In S203, the external power supply is controlled to execute a balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets a preset requirement.
In this embodiment of the application, when the battery pack is in the charging stage or the standing stage, and the first difference is greater than the second difference, the processor may control the external power source to perform a discharging operation on the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value.
When the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage and the first difference is smaller than or equal to the second difference, the processor may control the external power supply to perform a charging operation on the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value.
When the battery pack is in a discharging stage, the processor can directly control the external power supply to perform charging operation on the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value.
In an embodiment of the present application, when the battery pack is in the charging stage or the standing stage, S203 may specifically include steps S501 to S502 shown in fig. 5, which are detailed as follows:
in S501, when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, the external power supply is controlled to perform a balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until a difference between the target voltage value of the target single battery and the voltage average value is less than or equal to a first preset difference threshold.
In this embodiment, the first preset difference threshold may be set according to actual needs, and is not limited herein, and for example, the first preset difference threshold may be 10 mv.
When the processor controls the external power supply to discharge the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value, in order to avoid the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value from excessively outputting electric energy, the processor stops the discharge operation of the external power supply when detecting that the difference value between the target voltage value and the voltage average value of the target single battery is smaller than or equal to a first preset difference value threshold value.
When the processor controls the external power supply to perform charging operation on the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value, because the battery pack is still in a charging stage at the moment, that is, the target voltage value of the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value is multiplied, in order to avoid overcharge of the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value, the processor stops the charging operation of the external power supply when detecting that the difference value between the target voltage value and the voltage average value of the target single battery is less than or equal to a first preset difference threshold value.
It should be noted that, when the processor controls the external power supply to perform a charging operation on the cell corresponding to the minimum voltage value, the difference between the target voltage value and the voltage average value of the target cell refers to a difference obtained by subtracting the target voltage value from the voltage average value.
In S502, when the battery pack is in a charging phase or a standing phase, the external power supply is controlled to perform an equalization operation according to the target equalization strategy until the charging phase or the standing phase is finished.
In this embodiment, when the processor controls the external power source to perform a discharging operation on the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value, because the difference between the target voltage value and the voltage average value is much greater than the first preset difference threshold, the processor may always control the external power source to perform a discharging operation on the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value until the charging stage or the standing stage is completed.
When the processor controls the external power supply to perform charging operation on the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value, because the difference between the voltage average value and the target voltage value is far greater than the first preset difference threshold value, the processor can always control the external power supply to perform charging operation on the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value until the charging stage or the standing stage is finished.
In another embodiment of the present application, when the battery pack is in the discharging stage, S203 may specifically include steps S601 to S602 shown in fig. 6, which are detailed as follows:
in S601, when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, the external power supply is controlled to perform a balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until a difference between the maximum voltage value and a target voltage value of the target single battery is less than or equal to a second preset difference threshold.
In this embodiment, the second preset difference threshold may be set according to actual needs, and is not limited herein. It should be noted that the second preset difference threshold may be the same as or different from the first preset difference threshold.
When the processor controls the external power supply to charge the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value, in order to avoid overcharge of the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value, the processor stops the charging operation of the external power supply when detecting that the difference value between the maximum voltage value and the target voltage value of the target single battery is smaller than or equal to a second preset difference value threshold value.
In S602, when the battery pack is in a discharging phase, the external power supply is controlled to perform a balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the discharging phase is finished.
In this embodiment, when the processor controls the external power source to perform the charging operation on the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value, because the difference between the maximum voltage value and the target voltage value of the target single battery is much greater than the second preset difference threshold, the processor may always control the external power source to perform the charging operation on the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value until the discharging phase is completed.
As can be seen from the above, according to the battery pack balancing method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, and the voltage average value in the battery pack can be determined according to the voltage value of each single battery, and then the target balancing strategy of the battery pack in different working stages is flexibly determined according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value, and the current target stage of the battery pack, that is, the target balancing strategy of the battery pack is not fixed, but changes according to the working stage of the battery pack; and finally, controlling an external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets the preset requirement. According to the battery pack balancing method, different balancing modes can be flexibly determined according to different working stages of the battery pack, the balancing efficiency of the battery pack is improved, and the service life attenuation of the battery pack is effectively relieved.
In another embodiment of the present application, when the battery pack is in the charging phase, the battery cells in the battery pack may be greater than the second preset voltage threshold, that is, an overvoltage condition occurs, and the processor performs overvoltage protection on the battery cells. When the battery pack is in a discharging stage, the single battery in the battery pack may be less than or equal to a first preset voltage threshold, that is, an under-voltage condition occurs, and at this time, the processor performs under-voltage protection on the single battery.
Based on this, please refer to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a battery equalization method according to another embodiment of the present application. With respect to the embodiment corresponding to fig. 2, in the battery pack balancing method provided in this embodiment, S202 may specifically include S701 to S702, which are detailed as follows:
in S701, when the battery pack is in a charging stage and the number of times of overvoltage protection of at least one battery cell in the battery pack is greater than or equal to a preset number of times, it is determined that the battery cell is the target battery cell, and a strategy in which the external power supply performs a discharging operation on the target battery cell is determined as the target balancing strategy.
In this embodiment, the preset number may be determined according to actual needs, and is not limited herein, and the preset number may be 2, for example.
When the battery pack is in a charging stage and the overvoltage protection frequency of at least one single battery in the battery pack is greater than or equal to a preset frequency, it is indicated that the electric quantity of the single battery is easily too high in the charging stage.
In S702, when the battery pack is in a discharging stage and the number of times of under-voltage protection of at least one battery cell in the battery pack is greater than or equal to the preset number of times, determining that the battery cell is the target battery cell, and determining that a strategy for performing a charging operation on the target battery cell by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
In this embodiment, when the battery pack is in a discharging stage and the number of times of the under-voltage protection of at least one single battery in the battery pack is greater than or equal to a preset number of times, it is indicated that the electric quantity of the single battery is consumed too fast in the discharging stage, and in order to avoid the attenuation of the life of the single battery, the processor may directly determine the single battery as a target single battery to be equalized and perform a charging operation on the target single battery.
Based on this, in another embodiment of the present application, when the number of times of under-voltage protection or the number of times of over-voltage protection of a single cell in the battery pack is greater than or equal to a preset number, step S203 may specifically include steps S801 to S802 shown in fig. 8, which are described as follows:
in S801, when the battery pack is in the charging phase, the external power supply is controlled to perform an equalizing operation according to the target equalizing strategy until the charging phase is completed, and the number of times of overvoltage protection is set to zero.
In S802, when the battery pack is in the discharging stage, the external power supply is controlled to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the discharging stage is finished, and the number of times of the under-voltage protection is set to zero.
In this embodiment, the processor resets the number of times of overvoltage protection and/or undervoltage protection of the single battery in the battery pack to zero, which indicates that the processor has processed the single battery, so that after the processor resets the number of times of overvoltage protection and/or undervoltage protection of the single battery in the battery pack to zero, when the processor performs a balancing operation on the single battery in the battery pack, it may be determined through steps S201 to 203 whether the single battery is a target single battery to be balanced, and an external power source is controlled to perform a corresponding balancing operation on the single battery.
It can be seen from the above that, according to the battery pack balancing method provided by this embodiment, when the overvoltage protection times and/or the undervoltage protection times of the single batteries in the battery pack are detected to be greater than or equal to the preset times, the single batteries can be specially processed, so that the decay of the service lives of the single batteries is effectively alleviated.
It should be understood that, the sequence numbers of the steps in the foregoing embodiments do not imply an execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
Fig. 9 shows a block diagram of a battery pack balancing apparatus provided in the embodiment of the present application, which corresponds to the battery pack balancing method described in the above embodiment, and only shows the relevant parts in the embodiment of the present application for convenience of description. Referring to fig. 9, the battery pack balancing apparatus 900 includes: a first determining unit 91, a second determining unit 92 and an executing unit 93. Wherein:
the first determining unit 91 is configured to determine a maximum voltage value, a minimum voltage value, and a voltage average value in the battery pack according to the voltage value of each of the single batteries.
The second determining unit 92 is configured to determine a target single battery to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value, and a target stage where the battery pack is currently located.
The execution unit 93 is configured to control the external power supply to execute a balancing operation according to the target balancing policy until the target single battery meets a preset requirement.
In an embodiment of the present application, the second determining unit 92 specifically includes: a third determining unit and a fourth determining unit. Wherein:
the third determining unit is used for determining the target single battery and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the first difference value and the second difference value when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage; the first difference value refers to a difference value between the maximum voltage value and the voltage average value; the second difference value refers to a difference value between the average voltage value and the minimum voltage value.
The fourth determining unit is configured to determine, when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, that the cell corresponding to the minimum voltage value is the target cell, and determine that a policy for the external power supply to perform a charging operation on the target cell is the target balancing policy.
In an embodiment of the application, the third determining unit specifically includes: a fifth determining unit and a sixth determining unit. Wherein:
and the fifth determining unit is configured to determine, when the first difference is greater than the second difference, that the cell corresponding to the maximum voltage value is the target cell, and determine that a strategy for performing a discharging operation on the target cell by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
The sixth determining unit is configured to determine, when the first difference is smaller than or equal to the second difference, that the second cell corresponding to the minimum voltage value is the target cell, and determine that a policy for the external power supply to perform a charging operation on the target cell is the target balancing policy.
In an embodiment of the present application, the executing unit 93 specifically includes: a first equalizing unit.
The first equalizing unit is used for controlling the external power supply to execute equalizing operation according to the target equalizing strategy when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage until a difference value between a target voltage value of the target single battery and the voltage average value is smaller than or equal to a first preset difference value threshold.
Or when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, controlling the external power supply to execute an equalization operation according to the target equalization strategy until the charging stage or the standing stage is finished.
In an embodiment of the present application, the executing unit 93 specifically includes: and a second equalizing unit.
And the second balancing unit is used for controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy when the battery pack is in a discharging stage until the difference between the maximum voltage value and the target voltage value of the target single battery is less than or equal to a second preset difference threshold value.
Or when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the discharging stage is finished.
In an embodiment of the present application, the second determining unit 92 specifically includes: a seventh determining unit and an eighth determining unit. Wherein:
the seventh determining unit is configured to determine, when the battery pack is in a charging stage and the number of times of overvoltage protection of at least one single battery in the battery pack is greater than or equal to a preset number of times, that the single battery is the target single battery, and determine that a strategy of performing a discharging operation on the target single battery by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
The eighth determining unit is configured to determine, when the battery pack is in a discharging stage and the number of times of under-voltage protection of at least one single battery in the battery pack is greater than or equal to the preset number of times, that the single battery is the target single battery, and determine that a policy in which the external power supply performs a charging operation on the target single battery is the target balancing policy.
In an embodiment of the present application, the executing unit 93 specifically includes: a first return-to-zero unit and a second return-to-zero unit. Wherein:
the first zeroing unit is used for controlling the external power supply to execute equalization operation according to the target equalization strategy when the battery pack is in the charging stage until the charging stage is finished, and zeroing the overvoltage protection times.
And the second zero-resetting unit is used for controlling the external power supply to execute the balance operation according to the target balance strategy when the battery pack is in the discharging stage until the discharging stage is finished, and resetting the under-voltage protection frequency to zero.
As can be seen from the above, with the device provided in the embodiment of the present application, the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, and the average voltage value in the battery pack can be determined according to the voltage value of each single battery, and then the target equalization strategy of the battery pack in different working stages is flexibly determined according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the average voltage value, and the current target stage of the battery pack, that is, the target equalization strategy of the battery pack is not fixed, but changes according to the working stage of the battery pack; and finally, controlling an external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets the preset requirement. According to the battery pack balancing method, different balancing modes can be flexibly determined according to different working stages of the battery pack, the balancing efficiency of the battery pack is improved, and the service life attenuation of the battery pack is effectively relieved.
It should be noted that, for the information interaction, execution process, and other contents between the above-mentioned devices/units, the specific functions and technical effects thereof are based on the same concept as those of the embodiment of the method of the present application, and specific reference may be made to the part of the embodiment of the method, which is not described herein again.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-mentioned division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical applications, the above-mentioned function distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-mentioned functions. Each functional unit and module in the embodiments may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated in one unit, and the integrated unit may be implemented in a form of hardware, or in a form of software functional unit. In addition, specific names of the functional units and modules are only for convenience of distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present application. The specific working processes of the units and modules in the system may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
The embodiments of the present application further provide a computer-readable storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps in the above-mentioned method embodiments.
The embodiments of the present application provide a computer program product, which when running on a battery management system, enables the battery management system to implement the steps in the above method embodiments when executed.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow in the method of the embodiments described above can be implemented by a computer program, which can be stored in a computer readable storage medium and can implement the steps of the embodiments of the methods described above when the computer program is executed by a processor. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code, which may be in the form of source code, object code, an executable file or some intermediate form, etc. The computer readable medium may include at least: any entity or apparatus capable of carrying computer program code to a terminal device, recording medium, computer Memory, Read-Only Memory (ROM), Random-Access Memory (RAM), electrical carrier wave signals, telecommunications signals, and software distribution medium. Such as a usb-disk, a removable hard disk, a magnetic or optical disk, etc. In certain jurisdictions, computer-readable media may not be an electrical carrier signal or a telecommunications signal in accordance with legislative and patent practice.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments for parts that are not described or illustrated in a certain embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware or combinations of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed battery equalization apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus/network device embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the modules or units is only one logical division, and there may be other divisions when actually implementing, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application and are intended to be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A battery pack balancing method is applied to a battery management system, and is characterized in that the battery management system comprises a battery pack and an external power supply connected with the battery pack, the battery pack comprises N single batteries, N is an integer greater than 1, and the battery pack balancing method comprises the following steps:
determining a maximum voltage value, a minimum voltage value and a voltage average value in the battery pack according to the voltage value of each single battery;
determining a target single battery to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and a target stage where the battery pack is currently located;
and controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets the preset requirement.
2. The battery pack balancing method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a target cell to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and a target stage where the battery pack is currently located includes:
when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, determining the target single battery and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to a first difference value and a second difference value; the first difference value refers to a difference value between the maximum voltage value and the voltage average value; the second difference value refers to a difference value between the average voltage value and the minimum voltage value;
when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, determining that the single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value is the target single battery, and determining that the strategy of charging the target single battery by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
3. The battery pack balancing method according to claim 2, wherein the determining the target cell and the corresponding target balancing strategy according to the first difference and the second difference when the battery pack is in the charging stage or the resting stage comprises:
when the first difference is larger than the second difference, determining that the single battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value is the target single battery, and determining that the strategy of discharging operation of the external power supply on the target single battery is the target balancing strategy;
and when the first difference is smaller than or equal to the second difference, determining that the second single battery corresponding to the minimum voltage value is the target single battery, and determining that the strategy of charging the target single battery by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
4. The battery pack balancing method according to claim 2, wherein the controlling the external power supply to perform the balancing operation according to the target balancing policy until the target single battery meets a preset requirement includes:
when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the difference value between the target voltage value of the target single battery and the voltage average value is smaller than or equal to a first preset difference value threshold;
or when the battery pack is in a charging stage or a standing stage, controlling the external power supply to execute an equalizing operation according to the target equalizing strategy until the charging stage or the standing stage is finished.
5. The battery pack balancing method according to claim 2, wherein the controlling the external power supply to perform the balancing operation according to the target balancing policy until the target single battery meets a preset requirement includes:
when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the difference value between the maximum voltage value and the target voltage value of the target single battery is smaller than or equal to a second preset difference value threshold;
or when the battery pack is in a discharging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the discharging stage is finished.
6. The battery pack balancing method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a target cell to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and a target stage where the battery pack is currently located includes:
when the battery pack is in a charging stage and the overvoltage protection frequency of at least one single battery in the battery pack is greater than or equal to a preset frequency, determining the single battery as the target single battery, and determining a strategy of discharging operation of the target single battery by the external power supply as the target balancing strategy;
when the battery pack is in a discharging stage and the number of times of under-voltage protection of at least one single battery in the battery pack is greater than or equal to the preset number of times, determining that the single battery is the target single battery, and determining that a strategy for charging the target single battery by the external power supply is the target balancing strategy.
7. The battery pack balancing method according to claim 6, wherein the controlling the external power supply to perform the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets a preset requirement includes:
when the battery pack is in the charging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute equalization operation according to the target equalization strategy until the charging stage is finished, and enabling the overvoltage protection times to return to zero;
and when the battery pack is in the discharging stage, controlling the external power supply to execute balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the discharging stage is finished, and enabling the under-voltage protection frequency to return to zero.
8. The utility model provides a group battery equalizing device, is applied to battery management system, its characterized in that, battery management system include the group battery and with the external power source that the group battery is connected, the group battery includes a N battery cell, and N is for being greater than 1 integer, group battery equalizing device includes:
the first determining unit is used for determining the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value and the voltage average value in the battery pack according to the voltage value of each single battery;
the second determining unit is used for determining a target single battery to be balanced and a corresponding target balancing strategy according to the maximum voltage value, the minimum voltage value, the voltage average value and a target stage where the battery pack is currently located;
and the execution unit is used for controlling the external power supply to execute the balancing operation according to the target balancing strategy until the target single battery meets the preset requirement.
9. A battery management system comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in said memory and executable on said processor, characterized in that said battery management system further comprises a battery pack and an external power supply, said processor implementing the steps of the battery pack balancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing said computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the battery equalization method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| CN117169753A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-05 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method and device for determining parameters of electric connection pieces of batteries connected in series and electronic equipment |
| CN117169753B (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2024-03-08 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method and device for determining parameters of electric connection pieces of batteries connected in series and electronic equipment |
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