CN113470493A - Device and method for simulating photochemical reaction and ozone reaction of active gaseous mercury in laboratory - Google Patents
Device and method for simulating photochemical reaction and ozone reaction of active gaseous mercury in laboratory Download PDFInfo
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloromercury Chemical compound [Hg]Cl RCTYPNKXASFOBE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004173 biogeochemical cycle Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002730 mercury Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002731 mercury compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for simulating photochemical reaction and ozone reaction of active gaseous mercury in a laboratory, wherein a first high-purity air source is connected with an inlet of a one-way valve through an ozone generator; the second high-purity air source is connected with a pressure stabilizing valve through a pipeline, the pressure stabilizing valve is connected with an inlet of a gas flow controller, an outlet of a one-way valve and an outlet of the gas flow controller are connected with an air pipe and are combined to form one path, the one path of air pipe is divided into two paths through a Y-shaped pipe, one path of the Y-shaped pipe is connected with an air inlet of the ozone detector, and the other path of the Y-shaped pipe is connected with a volatilization and reaction simulation system. The water between the inner tank and the outer tank can maintain the temperature inside the inner tank constant at constant room temperature, and the device has compact connection of the parts, pure dry air inside and easy control of ozone concentration and illumination intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laboratory atmospheric pollutant photochemical reaction simulation devices, in particular to a device and a method for laboratory active gaseous mercury photochemical reaction and ozone reaction simulation.
Background
Mercury is the only heavy metal element present in the atmosphere mainly in the form of a gas phase, and the atmosphere plays an extremely important role in the global biogeochemical cycle of mercury, which is mainly classified into gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0, GEM), active gaseous mercury (RGM), and particulate mercury (PBM) according to physicochemical forms. Mercury in different forms has different physicochemical properties, which also results in differences in retention time and migration distance in the atmosphere. GEM accounts for more than 90% of atmospheric mercury, is not easy to dissolve in water, has low sedimentation rate, and can be transmitted for a long distance through atmospheric circulation, thereby affecting areas far away from release sources. RGM and PBM account for less than 10% of atmospheric mercury, are readily soluble in water, have a high dry and wet settling rate, and therefore have a short residence time in the atmosphere (hours to days) and only cause local pollution.
Mercury undergoes complex homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions during atmospheric environment transfer, thereby causing the conversion among elemental mercury, active gaseous mercury and granular mercury forms to become a key process influencing the long-distance transmission scale and settlement of atmospheric mercury into the earth surface, and being an important source of uncertainty of atmospheric mercury analog transmission. Therefore, the form transformation mechanism of the atmospheric mercury is clear, and the method has important significance for researching the global circulation of the atmospheric mercury and can provide an important chemical reaction basis for the existing atmospheric mercury transmission model. Laboratory simulation studies can simplify complex atmospheric environments and purposefully explore the effects of certain atmospheric components such as ozone and environmental conditions such as light on the reaction of mercury and its mercury compounds. Therefore, the research on the reduction reaction mechanism of the divalent mercury in a laboratory supplements and perfects the knowledge of the physical and chemical processes of the mercury and the existing atmospheric mercury transmission model, and better predicts and treats the mercury pollution.
At present, the research on the divalent mercury reduction reaction process mechanism in a laboratory is less, the understanding of the reaction of the divalent mercury in a gas phase has certain defects, and a global mercury circulation model cannot be supplemented and perfected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects in the prior art, the research on the mechanism of the divalent mercury reduction reaction process in a laboratory is less, the understanding of the reaction of the divalent mercury in a gas phase is insufficient, and a global mercury circulation model cannot be supplemented and perfected, and provides a device and a method for simulating the photochemical reaction and the ozone reaction of active gaseous mercury in the laboratory.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The laboratory simulates the photochemical reaction and the ozone reaction of the active gaseous mercury, and comprises an ozone generating system, a carrier gas system, an ozone detector and a volatilization and reaction simulation system;
the ozone generating system comprises a first high-purity air source, an ozone generator and a one-way valve, wherein the first high-purity air source is connected with an inlet of the one-way valve through the ozone generator, and the ozone generator is used for generating ozone;
the carrier gas system comprises a second high-purity air source, a pressure stabilizing valve and a gas flow controller, the second high-purity air source is connected with the pressure stabilizing valve through a pipeline, the pressure stabilizing valve is connected with an inlet of the gas flow controller, an outlet of the one-way valve and an outlet of the gas flow controller are connected with an air pipe and are combined to form a path, the path is divided into two paths through a Y-shaped pipe, one path of the Y-shaped pipe is connected with an air inlet of the ozone detector, and the other path of the Y-shaped pipe is connected with the volatilization and reaction simulation system;
the volatilization and reaction simulation system comprises a mercury source volatilization chamber, a reactor, a gaseous element mercury sampler, an active gaseous mercury sampler and a vacuum pump, wherein an air inlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber is communicated with the other path of the Y-shaped pipe, the reactor comprises an inner reactor tank, an outer reactor tank, a reactor cover and a simulation light source, the inner reactor tank is sleeved in the outer reactor tank, a hollow water tank is formed between the outer reactor tank and the inner reactor tank to ensure the constant temperature of the inner reactor tank in the reaction process, the simulation light source is installed on the reactor cover, the reactor cover is used for sealing the outer reactor tank and the inner reactor tank, an air outlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber penetrates through the outer reactor tank through a lower reactor tank branch pipe and is connected with the inner reactor tank, an upper reactor tank branch pipe penetrates through the outer reactor tank and is connected with the air inlet of the gaseous element mercury sampler, and the gas outlet of the gaseous element mercury sampler is connected with the gas inlet of the active gaseous mercury sampler, and the gas outlet of the active gaseous mercury sampler is connected with the vacuum pump.
A polytetrafluoroethylene tube HgCl is arranged in the mercury source volatilization chamber2The source is arranged in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube, two ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube are sealed and are respectively provided with a small opening, and the side surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is wrapped by aluminum foil to avoid HgCl2And (4) photolysis.
The polytetrafluoroethylene tube is of a hollow cylinder structure with openings at two ends, the height of the hollow cylinder structure is 2-3cm, the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder structure is 8-10mm, the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder structure is 12-14mm, and the diameters of the openings at two ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube are 1-2mm, so that active gaseous mercury slowly volatilizes and enters the mercury source volatilization chamber.
The mercury source volatilization chamber and the reactor are both made of quartz materials.
The mercury source volatilization chamber is of a hollow cuboid structure with the length of 3-5m, the width of 3-5cm and the height of 2-4cm, the inner diameter of an air inlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber and the inner diameter of an air outlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber are 6-7mm, and the outer diameter of the air inlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber is 8-9 mm.
The reactor inner tank is of a hollow cylinder structure with the height of 25-26cm, the inner diameter of 50-52mm and the outer diameter of 55-57 mm.
The lower branch pipe of the reactor inner tank and the upper branch pipe of the reactor inner tank are both quartz tubes with the length of 4-5cm, the inner diameter of 6-7mm and the outer diameter of 8-9 mm.
The reactor outer tank is in a top-end-opening hollow cylinder structure with the height of 24-25cm, the inner diameter of 75-77mm and the outer diameter of 80-80 mm.
The simulation light source can irradiate a cylindrical light beam, and the diameter of the light beam can be adjusted to be consistent with the inner diameter of the inner tank of the reactor.
The method for simulating the photochemical reaction and the ozone reaction of the active gaseous mercury in a laboratory by using the device comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding distilled water into a water tank at the room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to keep the temperature of an inner tank of a reactor constant, closing a one-way valve, opening a vacuum pump, allowing air in a second high-purity air source to enter a mercury source volatilization chamber through a pressure stabilizing valve, a gas flow controller and a Y-shaped pipe, and allowing airflow to volatilize HgCl2The mercury is brought into the reactor inner tank through the reactor inner tank lower branch pipe, then sequentially enters the gaseous element mercury sampler and the active gaseous mercury sampler through the reactor inner tank upper branch pipe, finally is discharged through the vacuum pump gas outlet, after continuous and repeated operation, the error between the element mercury amount collected by the gaseous element mercury sampler and the divalent mercury amount collected by the active gaseous mercury sampler is 5-20%, and then the HgCl in the mercury source volatilization chamber is considered to be2The volatilization is stable;
step 2, on the basis of the step 1, opening a one-way valve, opening an ozone generator, enabling air in a first high-purity air source to generate ozone through the ozone generator, then mixing the ozone with air in a second high-purity air source through the one-way valve, dividing the air into two paths through a Y-shaped pipe, enabling one path of the air to enter an ozone detector, enabling the other path of the air to enter a mercury source volatilization chamber, a reactor inner tank, a gaseous element mercury sampler and an active gaseous mercury sampler, enabling the concentration of the ozone entering the mercury source volatilization device to reach an experimental concentration through the concentration of the ozone indicated by the ozone detector, adjusting the power of the ozone generator and the flow of the second high-purity air source according to needs, and then detecting the change of the collection amount of element mercury and bivalent mercury so as to carry out the change of HgCl by ozone2An exploration experiment of the reduction reaction;
and 3, on the basis of the step 1, turning on a simulation light source, generating simulation light by the simulation light source, transmitting ultraviolet light and visible light by matching with an optical filter, detecting the light intensity by using a light intensity detector, adjusting the power of the simulation light source to achieve the light intensity required by the experiment, irradiating the inner tank of the reactor by the transmitted light of the simulation light source, detecting the change of the acquisition amount of the elemental mercury and the divalent mercury, and illuminating the HgCl by the light2Investigation experiment of reduction reaction.
In step 1, the mercury source volatilizes HgCl in the chamber2The judgment standard of stable volatilization is collected by a gaseous element mercury samplerThe errors of the quantity of the elemental mercury and the quantity of the bivalent mercury collected by the active gaseous mercury sampler are both 9-15%.
In step 3, the simulated light generated by the simulated light source has a wavelength of 200-1000 nm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: at constant room temperature, the mercury source in the device is stable in volatilization, the temperature in the inner tank of the reactor can be kept unchanged by water between the inner tank of the reactor and the outer tank of the reactor at the constant room temperature, all parts of the device are tightly connected, pure dry air is arranged in the device, the concentration of ozone and the illumination intensity are easy to control, and the influence of a certain ozone or illumination condition on the reaction of active gaseous mercury can be explored.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a first high-purity air source 1, an ozone generator 2, a one-way valve 3, a second high-purity air source 4, a pressure stabilizing valve 5, a gas flow controller 6, an ozone detector 7, a mercury source volatilization chamber 8, a polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9, a reactor 10, a simulation light source 11, a gaseous element mercury sampler 12, an active gaseous mercury sampler 13 and a vacuum pump 14.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example one
The device for simulating the photochemical reaction and the ozone reaction of the active gaseous mercury in a laboratory comprises an ozone generating system, a carrier gas system, an ozone detector 7 and a volatilization and reaction simulation system,
the ozone generation system comprises a first high-purity air source 1, an ozone generator 2 and a one-way valve 3, wherein the first high-purity air source 1 is connected with an inlet of the one-way valve 3 through the ozone generator 2, and the ozone generator 2 is used for generating ozone;
the carrier gas system comprises a second high-purity air source 4, a pressure stabilizing valve 5 and a gas flow controller 6, wherein the second high-purity air source 4 is connected with the pressure stabilizing valve 5 through a pipeline, the pressure stabilizing valve 5 is connected with an inlet of the gas flow controller 6, an outlet of the one-way valve 3 and an outlet of the gas flow controller 6 are connected with an air pipe to form a path, and then the path is divided into two paths through a Y-shaped pipe, one path of the Y-shaped pipe is connected with an air inlet of the ozone detector 7, and the other path of the Y-shaped pipe is connected with the volatilization and reaction simulation system;
the volatilization and reaction simulation system comprises a mercury source volatilization chamber 8, a reactor 10, a gaseous element mercury sampler 12, an active gaseous mercury sampler 13 and a vacuum pump 14, wherein an air inlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber 8 is communicated with the other path of the Y-shaped pipe, the reactor 10 comprises an inner reactor tank, an outer reactor tank, a reactor cover and a simulation light source 11, the inner reactor tank is sleeved in the outer reactor tank, a hollow water tank is formed between the outer reactor tank and the inner reactor tank to ensure the constant temperature of the inner reactor tank in the reaction process, the simulation light source 11 is arranged on the reactor cover, the reactor cover is used for sealing the outer reactor tank and the inner reactor tank, an air outlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber 8 penetrates through the outer reactor tank through a lower branch pipe of the inner reactor tank and is connected with the inner reactor tank, an upper branch pipe of the inner reactor tank penetrates through the outer reactor tank and is connected with the air inlet of the gaseous element mercury sampler 12, the gas outlet of the gaseous element mercury sampler 12 is connected with the gas inlet of the active gaseous mercury sampler 13, and the gas outlet of the active gaseous mercury sampler 13 is connected with the vacuum pump 14.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, a polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9, HgCl, is placed in the mercury source volatilization chamber 82The source is placed in a polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9, two ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9 are sealed and are respectively provided with a small opening, and the side surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9 is wrapped by aluminum foil to avoid HgCl2And (4) photolysis.
The polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9 adopts a hollow cylinder structure with openings at two ends, the height of which is 2-3cm, the inner diameter of which is 8-10mm and the outer diameter of which is 12-14mm, and the diameter of the openings at two ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube 9 is 1-2mm, so that the active gaseous mercury can slowly volatilize and enter the mercury source volatilization chamber 8.
EXAMPLE III
In the second embodiment, the mercury volatilization chamber 8 and the reactor 10 are both made of quartz.
The mercury source volatilization chamber 8 is of a hollow cuboid structure with the length of 3-5m, the width of 3-5cm and the height of 2-4cm, the inner diameter of an air inlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber 8 and an air outlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber 8 is 6-7mm, and the outer diameter is 8-9 mm.
The inner tank of the reactor adopts a hollow cylinder structure with the height of 25-26cm, the inner diameter of 50-52mm and the outer diameter of 55-57 mm.
The lower branch pipe of the reactor inner tank and the upper branch pipe of the reactor inner tank are both quartz tubes with the length of 4-5cm, the inner diameter of 6-7mm and the outer diameter of 8-9 mm.
The outer tank of the reactor adopts a hollow cylinder structure with a top opening, the height of which is 24-25cm, the inner diameter of which is 75-77mm and the outer diameter of which is 80-80 mm.
The simulated light source 11 can radiate a cylindrical light beam, and the diameter of the light beam can be adjusted to be consistent with the inner diameter of the inner tank of the reactor.
Example four
On the basis of the third embodiment, the method for laboratory simulation of the photochemical reaction and the ozone reaction of the active gaseous mercury by using the device comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding distilled water into a water tank at room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to keep the temperature of an inner tank of a reactor constant, closing a one-way valve 3, opening a vacuum pump 14, allowing air in a second high-purity air source 4 to enter a mercury source volatilization chamber 8 through a pressure stabilizing valve 5, a gas flow controller 6 and a Y-shaped pipe, and allowing airflow to volatilize HgCl2The mercury is brought into the inner tank of the reactor through the lower branch pipe of the inner tank of the reactor, then sequentially enters the gaseous elemental mercury sampler 12 and the active gaseous mercury sampler 13 through the upper branch pipe of the inner tank of the reactor, finally is discharged through the air outlet of the vacuum pump 14, after continuous and multiple operations, the error between the amount of elemental mercury collected by the gaseous elemental mercury sampler 12 and the amount of divalent mercury collected by the active gaseous mercury sampler 13 is 5-20%, and then the HgCl in the mercury source volatilization chamber 8 is considered to be2The volatilization is stable;
step 2, on the basis of the step 1, opening a check valve 3, opening an ozone generator 2, enabling air of a first high-purity air source 1 to generate ozone through the ozone generator 2, then mixing the ozone with air of a second high-purity air source 4 through the check valve 3, dividing the mixture into two paths through a Y-shaped pipe, enabling one path of the air to enter an ozone detector 7, enabling the other path of the air to enter a mercury source volatilization chamber 8, a reactor inner tank, a gaseous element mercury sampler 12 and an active gaseous mercury sampler 13, and enabling the air to pass through the ozone detector7, adjusting the power of the ozone generator 2 and the flow of the second high-purity air source 4 as required to enable the concentration of the ozone entering the mercury source volatilizer 8 to reach the experimental concentration, and then detecting the change of the collection amount of the elemental mercury and the divalent mercury so as to carry out ozone-to-HgCl2An exploration experiment of the reduction reaction;
and 3, on the basis of the step 1, turning on the simulation light source 11, generating simulation light by the simulation light source 11, transmitting ultraviolet light and visible light by matching with an optical filter, detecting the light intensity by using a light intensity detector, adjusting the power of the simulation light source 11 to achieve the light intensity required by the experiment, irradiating the inner tank of the reactor by the transmitted light of the simulation light source 11, detecting the change of the collection amount of the element mercury and the bivalent mercury, and illuminating the HgCl by the change of the collection amount of the element mercury and the bivalent mercury2Investigation experiment of reduction reaction.
In step 1, HgCl is evaporated in the mercury source volatilization chamber 82The judgment standard of the volatilization stability is that the error between the amount of the elemental mercury collected by the gaseous elemental mercury sampler 12 and the amount of the bivalent mercury collected by the active gaseous mercury sampler 13 is 9-15%.
In step 3, the simulated light generated by the simulated light source 11 has a wavelength of 200 and 1000 nm.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. Laboratory simulation active gaseous mercury photochemical reaction and ozone reaction's device, its characterized in that: comprises an ozone generating system, a carrier gas system, an ozone detector and a volatilization and reaction simulation system;
the ozone generating system comprises a first high-purity air source, an ozone generator and a one-way valve, wherein the first high-purity air source is connected with an inlet of the one-way valve through the ozone generator, and the ozone generator is used for generating ozone;
the carrier gas system comprises a second high-purity air source, a pressure stabilizing valve and a gas flow controller, the second high-purity air source is connected with the pressure stabilizing valve through a pipeline, the pressure stabilizing valve is connected with an inlet of the gas flow controller, an outlet of the one-way valve and an outlet of the gas flow controller are connected with an air pipe and are combined to form a path, the path is divided into two paths through a Y-shaped pipe, one path of the Y-shaped pipe is connected with an air inlet of the ozone detector, and the other path of the Y-shaped pipe is connected with the volatilization and reaction simulation system;
the volatilization and reaction simulation system comprises a mercury source volatilization chamber, a reactor, a gaseous element mercury sampler, an active gaseous mercury sampler and a vacuum pump, wherein an air inlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber is communicated with the other path of the Y-shaped pipe, the reactor comprises an inner reactor tank, an outer reactor tank, a reactor cover and a simulation light source, the inner reactor tank is sleeved in the outer reactor tank, a hollow water tank is formed between the outer reactor tank and the inner reactor tank to ensure the constant temperature of the inner reactor tank in the reaction process, the simulation light source is installed on the reactor cover, the reactor cover is used for sealing the outer reactor tank and the inner reactor tank, an air outlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber penetrates through the outer reactor tank through a lower reactor tank branch pipe and is connected with the inner reactor tank, an upper reactor tank branch pipe penetrates through the outer reactor tank and is connected with the air inlet of the gaseous element mercury sampler, and the gas outlet of the gaseous element mercury sampler is connected with the gas inlet of the active gaseous mercury sampler, and the gas outlet of the active gaseous mercury sampler is connected with the vacuum pump.
2. The laboratory apparatus for simulating reactive gaseous mercury photochemical reaction and ozone reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: a polytetrafluoroethylene tube HgCl is arranged in the mercury source volatilization chamber2The source is placed in the polytetrafluoroethylene tube, two ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube are sealed and are respectively provided with a small opening, and the side surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is wrapped by an aluminum foil.
3. The laboratory apparatus for simulating reactive gaseous mercury photochemical reaction and ozone reaction according to claim 2, characterized in that: the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is of a hollow cylinder structure with openings at two ends, the height of the hollow cylinder structure is 2-3cm, the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder structure is 8-10mm, the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder structure is 12-14mm, and the diameter of the openings at two ends of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube is 1-2 mm.
4. The laboratory apparatus for simulating reactive gaseous mercury photochemical reaction and ozone reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mercury source volatilization chamber is of a hollow cuboid structure with the length of 4cm, the width of 4cm and the height of 3cm, the inner diameter of an air inlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber and the inner diameter of an air outlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber are 6-7mm, and the outer diameter of the air outlet of the mercury source volatilization chamber is 8-9 mm.
5. The laboratory apparatus for simulating reactive gaseous mercury photochemical reaction and ozone reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reactor inner tank is of a hollow cylinder structure with the height of 25-26cm, the inner diameter of 50-52mm and the outer diameter of 55-57 mm.
6. The laboratory apparatus for simulating reactive gaseous mercury photochemical reaction and ozone reaction according to claim 5, characterized in that: the lower branch pipe of the reactor inner tank and the upper branch pipe of the reactor inner tank are both quartz tubes with the length of 4-5cm, the inner diameter of 6-7mm and the outer diameter of 8-9 mm.
7. The laboratory apparatus for simulating reactive gaseous mercury photochemical reaction and ozone reaction according to claim 6, characterized in that: the reactor outer tank is in a top-end-opening hollow cylinder structure with the height of 24-25cm, the inner diameter of 75-77mm and the outer diameter of 80-80 mm.
8. Method for using the laboratory device for simulating photochemical reactions and ozone reactions for reactive gaseous mercury according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, adding distilled water into a water tank at room temperature of 20-25 ℃ to keep the temperature of an inner tank of a reactor constant, closing a one-way valve, opening a vacuum pump, and allowing air in a second high-purity air source to pass through a pressure stabilizing valveThe gas flow controller and the Y-shaped pipe enter the mercury source volatilization chamber, and the gas flow leads volatilized HgCl2The mercury is brought into the reactor inner tank through the reactor inner tank lower branch pipe, then sequentially enters the gaseous element mercury sampler and the active gaseous mercury sampler through the reactor inner tank upper branch pipe, finally is discharged through the vacuum pump gas outlet, after continuous and repeated operation, the error between the element mercury amount collected by the gaseous element mercury sampler and the divalent mercury amount collected by the active gaseous mercury sampler is 5-20%, and then the HgCl in the mercury source volatilization chamber is considered to be2The volatilization is stable;
step 2, on the basis of the step 1, opening a one-way valve, opening an ozone generator, enabling air in a first high-purity air source to generate ozone through the ozone generator, then mixing the ozone with air in a second high-purity air source through the one-way valve, dividing the air into two paths through a Y-shaped pipe, enabling one path of the air to enter an ozone detector, enabling the other path of the air to enter a mercury source volatilization chamber, a reactor inner tank, a gaseous element mercury sampler and an active gaseous mercury sampler, enabling the concentration of the ozone entering the mercury source volatilization device to reach an experimental concentration through the concentration of the ozone indicated by the ozone detector, adjusting the power of the ozone generator and the flow of the second high-purity air source according to needs, and then detecting the change of the collection amount of element mercury and bivalent mercury so as to carry out the change of HgCl by ozone2An exploration experiment of the reduction reaction;
and 3, on the basis of the step 1, turning on a simulation light source, generating simulation light by the simulation light source, transmitting ultraviolet light and visible light by matching with an optical filter, detecting the light intensity by using a light intensity detector, adjusting the power of the simulation light source to achieve the light intensity required by the experiment, irradiating the inner tank of the reactor by the transmitted light of the simulation light source, detecting the change of the acquisition amount of the elemental mercury and the divalent mercury, and illuminating the HgCl by the light2Investigation experiment of reduction reaction.
9. The method for laboratory simulation of reactive gaseous mercury photochemical and ozone reactions with the apparatus of claim 8, wherein: in step 1, the mercury source volatilizes HgCl in the chamber2The judgment standard of the volatilization stability is the amount of the elemental mercury collected by the gaseous elemental mercury sampler and the divalent mercury collected by the active gaseous mercury samplerThe error of the amount is 9-15%.
10. The method for laboratory simulation of reactive gaseous mercury photochemical and ozone reactions with an apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that: in step 3, the simulated light generated by the simulated light source has a wavelength of 200-1000 nm.
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