CN103894116A - Single mercury isotope atmosphere generating system - Google Patents

Single mercury isotope atmosphere generating system Download PDF

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CN103894116A
CN103894116A CN201410128784.6A CN201410128784A CN103894116A CN 103894116 A CN103894116 A CN 103894116A CN 201410128784 A CN201410128784 A CN 201410128784A CN 103894116 A CN103894116 A CN 103894116A
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mercury
generating system
concentration
gas generating
isotope
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CN103894116B (en
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冯新斌
颜子云
王衡
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Institute of Geochemistry of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a single mercury isotope atmosphere generating system which is composed of a mercury vapor generator, an atmospheric mercury and plant exchange system and an on-line concentration detection system for atmospheric mercury isotopes. The system has he low cost, can continuously generate isotope mercury vapor (xxxHg0) with the low concentration, high stability, high controllability and high utilization efficiency, and also has the characteristics of portability, smartness, convenience and fastness in installation, high mobility, wide application range and the like.

Description

The large gas generating system of a kind of single mercury isotope
Technical field
The invention belongs to and stablize mercury isotope adding technique field, relate to the large gas generating system of a kind of single mercury isotope, relate in particular to a kind of large gas generating system of single mercury isotope and application of efficient stable.
Background technology
Mercury is unique heavy metal element of growing Distance Transmission with gaseous elemental in atmosphere, and has very strong bio-toxicity, is therefore considered to a kind of global pollutant (Feng et al., 2010; Lindberg et al., 2007; Selin, 2009).Mercury is extensively present in earth layers with trace level, and in atmosphere, the main source of mercury comprises that artificial source discharge and natural source discharge (Streets et al., 2005; Streets et al., 2009).Wherein the annual efflux of natural source has accounted for 2/3rds of global total release, compared with anthropogenic discharge's amount, at present the estimation of natural process discharge capacity is had to larger uncertainty.In to the research of natural source, the source remittance problem of background area that covers the length and breadth of land with vegetation has caused to be studied widely and discusses.GEOS-Chem and taking transpiration in basic model flux, vegetation is considered to the source of Mercury In The Air, plant can be by the mercury in the Root Absorption soil water, and then discharge into the atmosphere by transmission.But increasing experimental study shows that the mercury in the soil water is difficult for being transferred to plant leaf blade, the mercury in blade is mostly from atmosphere, and therefore vegetation is probably the remittance of Mercury In The Air in the ecosystem.If can pass through experimental design cleverly, absorption and the discharge (comprise blade absorb the again dispose procedure of mercury) of Quantitative Discussion plant leaf blade to mercury, will bring new thinking to the solution of this problem in science, the global models renewal of mercury and even the understanding of mercury biogeochemical cycle process.
Mercury stable isotopic tracer research provides new means for the solution of this difficult problem.In natural surroundings, Hg has seven kinds of stable isotopes, 196hg (0.15%), 198hg (9.97%), 199hg (16.87%), 200hg (23.10%), 201hg (13.18%), 202hg (29.86%), 204hg (6.87%) (de Laeter et al., 2003).And these seven kinds of isotopes and compound thereof are aspect chemical property, biological property and indifference, only there is significant difference in nuclear physics properties.Therefore, can utilize a certain isotope and compound thereof as tracer, inquire into the behavior of mercury in environment and return (Hintelmann et al., 1995; Hintelmann et al., 2002; Harris et al., 2007).Utilize mercury isotope to add tracer technique, the source of mercury and environmental behaviour in indicator plant blade, become the strong means of Recent study atmosphere-vegetation-Soil Interface mercury Transport And Transformation rule gradually.But in background atmosphere, Mercury In The Air belongs to trace gas, its concentration is at 1-3ng m -3(Schroeder & Munthe, 1998).This has brought challenge for the similar low mercury isotope microenvironment in simulation laboratory.In simulated test, obtain continue, stable, low concentration and cheaply single mercury isotope source be the key factor of this system.Rutter et al. (2011) places plants and soil in the strict airtight laboratory of controlling temperature, humidity and illumination condition, injection steady concentration 198hg 0steam, probes into the dry deposition amount of mercury on plant leaf blade and the correlation of envirment factor, and then deduces the Transport And Transformation rule of mercury at atmosphere-vegetation interface.The method can provide good plant physiology growth conditions, but its cost is high and be difficult to reach produce and stablize the isotopic requirement of single Mercury In The Air.As: under 10 DEG C~30 DEG C conditions of steady temperature, the volatilization concentration of mercury is 5.552~29.504ng ml -1therefore the isotope mercury source that utilizes volatility process to produce, efficiency is low, stability can not be guaranteed and can not regulate accurately the variation of mercury vapour concentration, room " wall effect " can adsorb a large amount of mercury, cause repeat test background value too high, the discharge that a large amount of mercury vapour is lasting, wastes time and energy and easily causes secondary pollution.
In sum, set up a kind of can produce low concentration, stability is strong, controllability is high and utilization ratio is high isotope mercury vapour ( xxxhg 0) generation systems is the key of this test.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the defect existing in prior art, the invention provides the large gas generating system of a kind of single mercury isotope, design meets the mercury vapour generation systems of above-mentioned requirements, and the plant switch based on this generator, the on-line measuring device of atmosphere isotope mercury, this system not only has low cost, can produce continuously low concentration, stability is strong, controllability is high, utilization ratio is high isotope mercury vapour ( xxxhg 0) characteristic, also have concurrently portable and smart, install convenient, mobility is strong and the feature such as applied widely.
Its technical scheme is as follows:
The large gas generating system of a kind of single mercury isotope, is made up of mercury vapour generator, Mercury In The Air and plant exchange system, Mercury In The Air isotopes concentration on-line detecting system three parts;
Described mercury vapour generator is by SnCl 2solution entrance 1, 202hg 2+solution entrance 2, vavuum pump 3, zero gas import 4, activated-charcoal column 5, removal waste fluid mouth 6, gas-liquid separator 7, Sodalime drying tube 8 are connected in sequence;
Mercury In The Air and plant exchange system are connected in sequence by teflon pipe 9, cloche 10, plant 11, Pyrex bubble bottle 12, spinner flowmeter 13;
Mercury In The Air isotopes concentration on-line detecting system comprises ultra trace mercury analyzer 14 in Tekran2537A atmosphere.
Preferably, described vavuum pump 3 Gast companies of the U.S. produce, model: DOA-P504-BN.
Preferably, the material of described gas-liquid separator 7 is borosilicate glass tube, is of a size of: interior diameter 1.5cm, high 18cm.
Preferably, described teflon pipe 9 is of a size of 1/4 inch.
Preferably, described cloche 10 is the Pyrex flux cover with air inlet and gas outlet.
Preferably, described spinner flowmeter 13 maximum ranges are 10L min -1.
Preferably, in described Tekran2537A atmosphere, 14 sampling times of ultra trace mercury analyzer are set as every five minutes once.
Preferably, the volume of described Pyrex bubble bottle 12 is 1.5L.
Preferably, in described Pyrex bubble bottle 12, filling concentration is 10% dense H 2sO 4with the concentration KMnO that is 0.5% 4the absorption liquid of composition.
Preferably, described SnCl 2solution concentration is 20%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The isotope add-on system of the designed the atmospheric background mercury concentration microenvironment of the present invention can by set peristaltic pump, vavuum pump flow velocity and xxxhg 2+the concentration of solution, the single mercury isotope gas generating system of simulation variable concentrations gradient, stable natural atmosphere mercury environment.This system has stronger controllability, by vavuum pump flow velocity with xxxhg 2+solution concentration is set under certain conditions, isotope mercury vapour by regulating the sample introduction speed of peristaltic pump can accurately control mercury vapour generator to produce ( xxxhg 0) concentration.In addition, condition experiment shows: mercury vapour generator can be by 202hg 2+the high efficiency isotope mercury vapour (utilization ratio is greater than 80%) that transforms into of solution, and better (parallel test error is lower than 5%) of repeatability.Therefore this system is compared with volatility process (Rutter et al., 2011) in the past, has not only reduced experimentation cost, has saved fund, has improved test efficiency, the more important thing is and can reach efficiently background Mercury In The Air concentration conditions.This system uses mercury isotope to add tracer technique dexterously, provide new method for inquiring into atmosphere-vegetation-Soil Interface mercury Transport And Transformation rule, by further test in the future, will be that the source of Mercury In The Air or mercury converge this problem in science positive evidence is provided for vegetation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the large gas generating system of the single mercury isotope of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that setting concentration is 2.5ng m -3time produce gas 202hg 0(mercury isotope 202) concentration;
Fig. 3 is that setting concentration is 6.5ng m -3time produce gas 202hg 0(mercury isotope 202) concentration;
Fig. 4 is that setting concentration is 10.5ng m -3time produce gas 202hg 0(mercury isotope 202) concentration;
Fig. 5 be peristaltic pump sample introduction flow velocity with 202hg 0the relation of concentration.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.
1 principle
As shown in Figure 1, the large gas generating system of a kind of single mercury isotope, is made up of mercury vapour generator, Mercury In The Air and plant exchange system, Mercury In The Air isotopes concentration on-line detecting system three parts;
Described mercury vapour generator is by SnCl 2solution entrance 1, 202h 2+solution entrance 2, vavuum pump 3, zero gas import 4, activated-charcoal column 5, removal waste fluid mouth 6, gas-liquid separator 7, Sodalime drying tube 8 are connected in sequence; The function of mercury vapour generator is to produce single mercury isotope atmosphere, SnCl 2solution, 202hg 2+solution enters into gas-liquid separator 7 the insides, and meanwhile zero gas enters from the another port of gas-liquid separator 7, SnCl 2solution, 202hg 2+solution, zero gas after even hybrid reaction, enter into follow-up Mercury In The Air and plant exchange system and Mercury In The Air isotopes concentration on-line detecting system in gas-liquid separator 7.
Mercury In The Air and plant exchange system are connected in sequence by teflon pipe 9, cloche 10, plant 11, Pyrex bubble bottle 12, spinner flowmeter 13; The function of this system is to allow single mercury isotope atmosphere and the abundant action-reaction of plant, the connected mode of each part and position relationship are connected from small to large successively as sequence number in accompanying drawing, that is: in figure, teflon pipe 9 branch is passed into gas in the cloche 10 that plant 11 is housed, plant 11 fully reacts with gas, tail gas after reaction enters Pyrex bubble bottle 12, tail gas is absorbed, and the effect of spinner flowmeter 13 is the flow velocitys of monitoring constantly gas in whole system.
Mercury In The Air isotopes concentration on-line detecting system comprises ultra trace mercury analyzer 14 in Tekran2537A atmosphere, the function of this system is to measure the concentration of single mercury isotope atmosphere in whole system, and the stability of checking mercury vapour generator work, that is: in figure, gas is introduced ultra trace mercury analyzer 14 in Tekran2537A atmosphere by another branch of teflon pipe 9, and in Tekran2537A atmosphere, ultra trace mercury analyzer 14 is measured the concentration of single mercury isotope atmosphere.
Described vavuum pump 3 Gast companies of the U.S. produce, model: DOA-P504-BN.The material of described gas-liquid separator 7 is borosilicate glass tube, is of a size of: interior diameter 1.5cm, high 18cm.Described teflon pipe 9 is of a size of 1/4 inch.Described cloche 10 is the Pyrex flux cover with air inlet and gas outlet.Described spinner flowmeter 13 maximum ranges are 10Lmin -1.In described Tekran2537A atmosphere, 14 sampling times of ultra trace mercury analyzer are set as every five minutes once.Described SnCl 2solution concentration is 20%.
Mercury vapour generator is mainly made up of peristaltic pump and gas-liquid separator.Its principle is: peristaltic pump will be contained in respectively in two sampling bottles xxxhg 2+solution (this test with 202hg 2+for example) and SnCl 2solution is written in gas-liquid separator by stablizing flow velocity, makes its abundant hybrid reaction, SnCl 2solution will 202hg 2+solution reduction generates 202hg 0gas, reacted waste liquid is discharged by gas-liquid separator lower end waste liquid mouth.The another port of gas-liquid separator connects the motive force of vavuum pump as whole system air-flow, with constant gas flow rate (xL min -1) to being blown into " zero gas " (zero gas is the Zero mercury air after activated-charcoal column filters, and its uninterrupted can regulate as required) in gas-liquid separator, " zero gas " being blown into 202hg 0the full and uniform mixing of gas, vavuum pump continue promote steady concentration isotope mercury vapour ( 202hg 0) enter Teflon pipeline.Enter after pipeline, mercury vapour is through Teflon threeway shunting in parallel, and a part enters Mercury In The Air isotope on-line detecting system, by measure isotope mercury vapour ( 202hg 0) concentration, the stability of checking mercury vapour generator work.Wherein, ultra trace mercury analyzer (sampling time is set as every five minutes once) in the Tekran2537A atmosphere that Tekran company of the on-line detecting system employing U.S. produces.Another part enters and is equipped with that in the Pyrex flux cover of plant, (sheet glass of center drilling separates the aerial part of plant and soil, flux cover is placed on and on sheet glass, covers plant, the edge contacting with sheet glass with glass cement seal glass cover, make the aerial part of plant and soil, atmospheric isolation), isotope mercury vapour ( 202hg 0) with after plant fully acts on, its tail gas is by being equipped with dense H 2sO 4(10%)+KMnO 4(0.5%) the bubble bottle of blend absorbent is oxidized absorption, connects spinner flowmeter, gas flow in Real-Time Monitoring whole system in the exit of potassium permanganate bubble bottle.
2 materials and device
2.1 test material
100ml Pyrex sampling bottle (2); (Coleparmer company of the U.S. produces four-way peristaltic pump, model: 78017-20, flow velocity: 0.003-21ml min -1); Vavuum pump (Gast company of the U.S. produces, model: DOA-P504-BN); Gas-liquid separator (Pyrex, pipe interior diameter 1.5cm, high 18cm); Teflon pipe (1/4 inch, 1/8 inch); Sodalime drying tube; Triple valve (Swagelok company of the U.S. produces, model: PFA-420-3); (maximum range is 10Lmin to spinner flowmeter -1); With the Pyrex flux cover of air inlet and gas outlet; Pyrex bubble bottle some (1.5L).
2.2 test reagent
SnCl 2solution (20%); 202hg 2+solution; Dense H 2sO 4(10%)+KMnO 4(0.5%) absorption liquid.
3 test and results
3.1 isotope mercury vapour ( 202hg 0) concentration level and stability
According to the required isotope mercury vapour of test ( 202hg 0) concentration, configure a certain amount of 202hg 2+the concentration of solution, the flow velocity that regulates peristaltic pump sample introduction and vavuum pump are written into the flow velocity of zero gas.The isotope mercury vapour concentration that mercury vapour generator produces is detected online by Tekran2537A, and its theory target concentration is
Figure BSA0000102550200000051
calculating publicity is as follows:
C Hg 0 202 = v 1 × c v 2 - - - ( 1 )
In formula, V 1for peristaltic pump is written in gas-liquid separator 202hg 2+flow velocity (the μ l min of solution -1), V 2for vavuum pump is blown into flow velocity (the L min of zero gas -1), V 1and V 2large I according to test need regulate, C is 202hg 2+concentration (the ng ml of solution -1).Tekran2537A measures the concentration of the isotope mercury vapour of a mercury vapour generator generation for every five minutes.
Whether have and can continue to produce low concentration, isotope mercury vapour that stability is strong for probing into mercury vapour generator, this research and design produce three kinds of variable concentrations isotope mercury vapour ( 202hg 0): 2.5ng m -3(background area atmosphere average mercury concentration), 6.5ng m -3(the mercury concentration in low IA atmosphere), 10.5ngm -3(the mercury concentration in the atmosphere of intermediate pollution cities and towns), test is divided into three periods to be carried out, and is respectively on July 5,30 days~2013 June in 2013, on July 28,22 days~2013 July in 2013, in on September 7,2 days~2013 September in 2013, each test period is 6 days.Process of the test detects online by Mercury In The Air content analyzer (Tekran2537A).From Fig. 2,3,4, under pilot system reaches stable condition, in gas 202hg 0concentration average be 2.60ng m -3, 6.48ng m -3, 10.64ng m -3, and its fluctuation range is less, and more than 90% point is distributed in < 1SD interval, and this shows that it is 2.5ng m that mercury vapour generator can continue to produce steady concentration -3, 6.5ng m -3, 10.5ng m -3isotope mercury vapour.But also exist outside small part Data Out of Range interval, this be during due to on-test and process of the test in change reagent and cause the unstable variation that causes isotope mercury vapour concentration of peristaltic pump load sample pipe flow velocity at short notice.
The high controllability of 3.2 pilot systems
Be written into by contrast peristaltic pump 202hg 2+solution and SnCl 2isotope mercury vapour that the flow velocity of solution and Mercury In The Air content analyzer record ( 202hg 0) concentration, whether the sample introduction flow velocity of probing into peristaltic pump can accurately control the size of isotope mercury vapour concentration.This test configurations 202hg 2+solution concentration is 2ng ml -1, the flow velocity of vavuum pump is 7L min -1, the flow velocity of peristaltic pump is set to respectively: 12 μ lmin -1, 18 μ lmin -1, 24 μ l min -1, 27 μ l min -1, 36 μ l min -1, 39 μ l min -1with 45 μ l min -1(rotating speed of corresponding peristaltic pump is respectively: 4r min -1, 6r min -1, 8r min -1, 9r min -1, 12r min -1, 13r min -1, 15r min -1).Under same flow conditions, Tekran2537A continues to detect 2h, and test obtains 24 continuous datas.Under 7 flow velocitys that arrange, record altogether 148 data.Lower Fig. 5 is the dependency relation of peristaltic pump sample introduction flow velocity and isotope mercury vapour concentration, and as can be seen from the figure, the coefficient correlation of peristaltic pump sample introduction flow velocity and mercury vapour concentration reaches 0.9993, and both have extremely significant correlation, exist 202hg 2+in the certain situation of solution concentration, vavuum pump flow velocity, can by regulate, change the flow velocity of peristaltic pump sample introduction accurately control isotope mercury vapour ( 202hg 0) size of concentration, therefore, mercury vapour generator has extremely strong stable controllability.
3.3 systems produce 202the high efficiency of Hg atmosphere
Due to monoisotopic expensive, experimentation cost is high, and how utilizing efficiently isotopic source is the important indicator of evaluation system.Compare with volatility process (Rutter et al., 2011) in the past, another considerable advantage of this experimental design is that mercury vapour generator can be by 202hg 2+the high efficiency isotope mercury vapour that transforms into of solution, has improved single isotope utilization ratio (η represents with symbol), and computing formula is as follows:
&eta; = ( v 1 + v 2 &times; k ) &times; c 1 v 3 &times; c 2 &times; 100 % - - - ( 2 ) ;
In formula, V 1for Tekran2537A gather isotope mercury vapour ( 202hg 0) flow velocity (0.75L min -1), V 2for spinner flowmeter records flow velocity (the 6L min of isotope mercury vapour in atmosphere and plant exchange system -1), COEFFICIENT K is the ratio of this area (Kweiyang) atmospheric pressure and standard atmospheric pressure, C 1concentration (the ng m of isotope mercury vapour in the system gas recording for Tekran2537A -3), V 3for peristaltic pump is written in gas-liquid separator 202hg 2+flow velocity (the μ l min of solution -1), C 2for 202hg 2+concentration (the ng ml of solution -1).
Table 1 be peristaltic pump respectively according to certain sample introduction flow velocity, corresponding 202hg 2+solution changes into the efficiency (utilization ratio) of isotope mercury vapour.Can find out, sample introduction flow velocity becomes positively related relation with utilization ratio, along with the increase utilization ratio of sample introduction flow velocity is remarkable increase.Also can find out, when the sample introduction flow velocity of peristaltic pump is greater than 12 μ lmin simultaneously -1time, utilization ratio is all higher than 80%, and parallel laboratory test error less (lower than 5%); When sample introduction flow velocity is 12 μ l min -1time, utilization ratio is 78.39%, this is the impact that is subject to sample introduction flow velocity due to the sample introduction precision of peristaltic pump, and the relation being proportionate with sample introduction flow velocity, in the time that the sample introduction flow velocity of peristaltic pump is too low, its sample introduction accuracy limitations 202hg 2+the utilization ratio of solution.Therefore, when peristaltic pump remains on rational sample introduction flow velocity, the impact that utilization ratio is subject to is less, and all can reach more than 80% higher utilization ratio, has realized high efficiency and utilize the object in single mercury isotope source.This reduced to a great extent single mercury isotope waste, reduced experimentation cost, saved fund, embodied the superiority of mercury vapour generator application.
The sample introduction flow velocity of table 1 peristaltic pump with 202hg 2+the utilization ratio relation of solution
Figure BSA0000102550200000071
The above; it is only preferably detailed description of the invention of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any be familiar with those skilled in the art the present invention disclose technical scope in, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence replace all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope, is characterized in that, is made up of mercury vapour generator, Mercury In The Air and plant exchange system, Mercury In The Air isotopes concentration on-line detecting system three parts;
Described mercury vapour generator is by SnCl 2solution entrance (1), 202hg 2+solution entrance (2), vavuum pump (3), zero gas import (4), activated-charcoal column (5), removal waste fluid mouth (6), gas-liquid separator (7), Sodalime drying tube (8) are connected in sequence;
Mercury In The Air and plant exchange system are connected in sequence by teflon pipe (9), cloche (10), plant (11), Pyrex bubble bottle (12), spinner flowmeter (13);
Mercury In The Air isotopes concentration on-line detecting system comprises ultra trace mercury analyzer (14) in Tekran2537A atmosphere.
2. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, Gast company of described vavuum pump (3) U.S. produces, model: DOA-P504-BN.
3. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described gas-liquid separator (7) is borosilicate glass tube, is of a size of: interior diameter 1.5cm, high 18cm.
4. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described teflon pipe (9) is of a size of 1/4 inch.
5. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described cloche (10) is the Pyrex flux cover with air inlet and gas outlet.
6. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described spinner flowmeter (13) maximum range is 10Lmin -1.
7. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described Tekran2537A atmosphere, ultra trace mercury analyzer (14) sampling time is set as every five minutes once.
8. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume of described Pyrex bubble bottle (12) is 1.5L.
9. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that, fills concentration and be 10% dense H in described Pyrex bubble bottle (12) 2sO 4with the concentration KMnO that is 0.5% 4the absorption liquid of composition.
10. the large gas generating system of single mercury isotope according to claim 1, is characterized in that described SnCl 2solution concentration is 20%.
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CN109253995A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-01-22 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 A kind of the mercury isotope test method and its device of natural gas
CN113470493A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 天津大学 Device and method for simulating photochemical reaction and ozone reaction of active gaseous mercury in laboratory

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CN106908398A (en) * 2017-01-23 2017-06-30 北京雪迪龙科技股份有限公司 A kind of atmospheric mercury analyzer reference signal automatic monitoring method
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CN113470493A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 天津大学 Device and method for simulating photochemical reaction and ozone reaction of active gaseous mercury in laboratory
CN113470493B (en) * 2020-03-31 2023-03-28 天津大学 Device and method for simulating photochemical reaction and ozone reaction of active gaseous mercury in laboratory

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