CN113460114A

CN113460114A - Railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle

Info

Publication number: CN113460114A
Application number: CN202110795629.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾志平; 黄志斌; 和晓东; 徐榕; 李晔; 朱志辉; 闫斌; 徐磊; 谭平; 陈伟; 李伟; 黄旭东; 袁宇
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2021-07-14
Filing date: 2021-07-14
Publication date: 2021-10-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-14
Also published as: CN113460114B

Abstract

The invention provides a railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle which comprises a bottom plate, wherein a plurality of elastic roller mechanisms are arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, the elastic roller mechanisms can move on a track and elastically support the bottom plate, a frame body is arranged on the bottom plate, a lifting driving part is arranged on the frame body, the lifting driving part is elastically connected with an instrument installation part, the instrument installation part is driven by the lifting driving part to lift through the bottom plate, the instrument installation part comprises a detector and an adjusting mechanism for supporting the detector, the adjusting mechanism can adjust the inclination angle, and an opening and closing mechanism is further arranged on the bottom plate and is positioned at the lifting position of the instrument installation part. The invention can reduce the influence of the running and shaking of the equipment on the detector, improve the detection precision while protecting the detector, protect the detector in a sealing way and prolong the service life of the equipment.

Description

Railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of railway detection, in particular to a railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle.

Background

For the ballastless track seamless line that sets up little resistance fastener, under temperature load, train load combined action, stride long antithetical couplet bridge beam-ends greatly because the beam rail relative displacement is big, arouse the interact aggravation at interfaces such as bullet strip and collets, collets and rail, rail and compound backing plate, compound backing plate and iron tie plate, lead to compound backing plate to scurry frequently, and often be accompanied by the collets and pull apart, inconsistent with the little resistance fastener performance state of design requirement, this phenomenon is more general in high temperature and low temperature season. After the compound backing plate is played, the effective bearing area of backing plate and rail reduces, the damping effect reduces, and fastener longitudinal and transverse resistance will also change, probably has the rigidity contact between rail and the iron tie plate simultaneously, and this a series of influences probably cause the power effect of wheel rail to strengthen, and the production and the development of track structure damage are with higher speed to the shock aggravation of track structure. The defects are continuously worsened along with the lapse of operation time, so that the restraint relationship of a beam rail system is more complex, the local stress state is more unfavorable, and in addition, the temperature force of the steel rail in high-temperature or low-temperature seasons is huge, so that new defects at other positions of a ballastless track seamless line on a long-span bridge can be caused, the defects reach or exceed the service limit state prematurely, the safety and driving safety of a line structure are threatened, and the potential risk of high-speed railway operation is increased, so that the damage detection of the railway fastener structure is required to be carried out regularly.

Because the automobile body rocks and can influence the testing result when current equipment moves, the precision instruments of long-time vibration in to the equipment simultaneously cause the influence, spare part is not hard up and the situation of dropping appears, the life of instrument has been reduced, and some precision instruments do not have protective structure when not, damage of colliding with easily to further accelerated the loss of equipment, consequently need a brand-new railway fastener structure damage equipment of surveying urgently, in order to solve prior art's not enough.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides equipment capable of detecting structural damage of a railway fastener, can better support and protect internal precise instruments, and improves the detection precision and the service life.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle which comprises a bottom plate, wherein a plurality of elastic roller mechanisms are arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate, the elastic roller mechanisms can move on a track and elastically support the bottom plate, a frame body is arranged on the bottom plate, a lifting driving part is arranged on the frame body, the lifting driving part is elastically connected with an instrument installation part, the instrument installation part is driven by the lifting driving part to pass through the bottom plate to lift, the instrument installation part comprises a detector and an adjusting mechanism for supporting the detector, the adjusting mechanism can adjust the inclination angle, an opening and closing mechanism is further arranged on the bottom plate, and the opening and closing mechanism is located at the lifting position of the instrument installation part.

Wherein, elasticity gyro wheel mechanism is including fixed setting up the cover post of bottom plate lower surface, the inside of cover post sets up first spring, simultaneously the inside slip of cover post is provided with the piston, the one end of first spring with the piston is connected, the other end with the lower surface of bottom plate is connected, the bottom fixedly connected with telescopic link of piston, the bottom of telescopic link sets up the support frame, the bottom of support frame is rotated and is provided with the gyro wheel, cover post and inner structure set up four groups altogether, distribute in four diagonal positions of bottom plate, same position both sides the cover post interval and orbital interval adaptation make equipment when detecting along the railway line the gyro wheel can roll on the track that corresponds.

The lifting driving part comprises a first motor arranged on the side face of the support body, a power output shaft of the first motor is connected with a first rotating rod, the two ends of the first rotating rod are connected with the two sides of the support body in a rotating mode, a first gear is arranged in the middle of the first rotating rod, the first gear is meshed with a rack on a moving rod, the instrument installation part comprises a movable support, the fixed frame is arranged at the bottom end of the moving rod, a plurality of elastic floating supporting structures are arranged at the bottom end of the fixed frame, the elastic floating supporting structures are simultaneously connected with a fixed plate, the fixed plate passes through the lifting driving part to drive and lift, and the bottom plate and the fixed plate are rocked when in operation and are buffered through the elastic floating supporting structures.

The elastic floating supporting structure comprises a plurality of fixing rods, a fixing frame is connected with the fixing rods in a sliding mode, the bottom ends of the fixing rods are fixedly connected with the fixing plates, the top ends of the fixing rods are fixedly connected with a top plate, a second spring is sleeved on the fixing rods and is divided into two sections, the two ends of the second spring at the upper section are respectively connected with the fixing frame and the top plate, and the two ends of the second spring at the lower section are respectively connected with the fixing frame and the fixing plates.

Furthermore, the bottom end of the moving rod is further sleeved with a third spring, the third spring is divided into two sections which are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the top surface of the fixing frame, one end of the second spring is connected with the fixing frame, and the other end of the second spring is connected with the two stop blocks on the moving rod respectively. Through the combined action of the second spring and the third spring, the shaking of the bottom plate is ensured to reduce the influence on a precision instrument on the fixing frame under the action of elastic buffering, and the detection precision is improved.

Furthermore, the two sides of the fixed plate are respectively provided with a first guide rod, the top end of each first guide rod is fixedly connected with the fixed partition plate arranged on the upper portion of the frame body, the bottom end of each first guide rod is fixed on the bottom plate, and the first guide rods are slidably connected with the fixed plate and guide the lifting of the fixed plate.

Wherein, guiding mechanism is including fixed the setting the inside connecting plate of mount, be provided with the second motor on the connecting plate, the power output shaft of second motor is connected with solid fixed ring, gu fixed ring's both sides are fixed respectively and are provided with a connecting rod, the outer end of connecting rod is provided with a slide bar, the top of slide bar with the connecting rod is articulated, the bottom and a backup pad fixed connection of slide bar, the detector sets up the lower surface middle part of backup pad, both sides all are provided with the sensor around the backup pad lower surface, the upper surface middle part of backup pad is rotated and is connected with a bracing piece, the top of bracing piece with connecting plate fixed connection.

Wherein, first through-hole has been seted up at the middle part of fixed plate, the below of first through-hole is provided with the second through-hole of seting up on the bottom plate, first through-hole and the size of second through-hole all is greater than the backup pad size makes the backup pad can be followed first through-hole with pass from top to bottom in the second through-hole the bottom plate and the fixed plate.

Wherein, the opening and closing mechanism comprises a baffle plate arranged below the second through hole, in order to ensure that the first motor drives the opening and closing mechanism to be synchronously opened and closed when the detecting instrument goes up and down, the two ends of the first rotating rod are respectively provided with a second gear, the two sides of the first rotating rod are provided with a second rotating rod, the top end of the second rotating rod is provided with a first worm and is meshed with the second gear, the upper part of the second rotating rod is rotationally connected with the baffle plate, the lower part of the second rotating rod is rotationally connected with the bottom plate, the bottom end of the second rotating rod is provided with a second worm, the second worm is meshed with a third gear arranged in the middle of a screw rod, the two ends of the screw rod are both rotationally provided with a vertical plate, the top end of the vertical plate is fixedly connected with the bottom plate, the screw rod takes the third gear as a boundary, the left and right external threads are opposite in direction, and are respectively sleeved with a moving block, the movable blocks are provided with internal threads matched with the external threads, the screw rod can drive the two movable blocks to move in the opposite direction or in the opposite direction by utilizing the opposite external threads when rotating, each movable block is connected with a telescopic frame, one end of each telescopic frame is hinged with the corresponding movable block, the other end of each telescopic frame is hinged with the corresponding baffle, a second guide rod is further arranged between the two vertical plates, the two movable blocks are all arranged on the second guide rod in a sliding mode, a guide block is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper surface of each baffle, and the guide blocks are in sliding sleeve joint with the sliding rails on the lower surface of the bottom plate.

Wherein, the width of baffle is greater than the width of second through-hole, the length of baffle equals half of second through-hole length, every the position of second through-hole sets up two altogether the baffle, through both sides the baffle can cover completely the second through-hole, by first dwang drives both sides the second dwang synchronous drive.

The scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle is provided with the elastic roller mechanism and the elastic floating support structure, the whole operation vibration of equipment is reduced by means of the elastic buffering effect of the elastic roller mechanism, the stable operation of the parts of the equipment is ensured, the parts are prevented from being loosened due to long-time operation, meanwhile, the influence on a detector caused by shaking transmission is further reduced by the elastic floating support, and the detection precision is improved while the detector is protected;

according to the invention, the distance from the front and the back to the track is measured by the sensor at the bottom of the support plate, when the distance between the two sides is different, the adjusting mechanism drives the connecting rod connected to the fixing ring to rotate in a small range by the second motor, the connecting rod drives the sliding rods at the two sides to move up and down, and drives the support plate at the bottom to rotate on the support rod, so that the left and right angles of the support plate are adjusted, the inclination of the support plate caused by overall shaking is counteracted, the detector at the bottom of the support plate is always parallel to the track, and the detection precision of the detector is further improved;

the first motor drives the first rotating rod to rotate, and further drives the moving rod to move up and down, so that the detector mounted on the fixing frame moves up and down, the first rotating rod drives the screw rod to rotate through the worm and the gear in the moving process, the left moving block and the right moving block on the screw rod move oppositely, the lifting frame is driven to stretch back and forth, the baffle plate is opened and closed to move, when the detector is put into the frame body, the baffle plate just covers the second through hole, the detector is sealed and protected, the damage of a precision instrument due to accidental collision is prevented, and equipment is protected.

Other advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description that follows.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the overall construction of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the frame body according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at A;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the opening and closing mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the opening and closing mechanism of the present invention;

fig. 7 is an enlarged view of fig. 2 at B.

[ description of reference ]

1-a bottom plate; 2-sleeving a column; 3-a first spring; 4-a piston; 5, a telescopic rod; 6-a support frame; 7-a roller; 8-frame body; 9-a separator; 10-a first electric machine; 11-a first turning lever; 12-a first gear; 13-a moving rod; 14-a fixing frame; 15-fixing the rod; 16-a fixed plate; 17-a top plate; 18-a second spring; 19-a third spring; 20-a first guide bar; 21-a connecting plate; 22-a second electric machine; 23-a fixed ring; 24-a connecting rod; 25-a slide bar; 26-a support plate; 27-a detector; 28-a support bar; 29-a first via; 30-a second via; 31-a second gear; 32-a second swivelling lever; 33-a first worm; 34-a second worm; 35-a screw; 36-a third gear; 37-a riser; 38-a moving block; 39-a telescopic frame; 40-a baffle plate; 41-a second guide bar; 42-a guide block; 43-a slide rail; 44-sensor.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a locked connection, a releasable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

As shown in fig. 1-3, the embodiment of the invention provides a railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle, which comprises a base plate 1, wherein the base plate 1 is a mounting and supporting structure of the whole device. The lower fixed surface at bottom plate 1 is provided with cover post 2, and the inside of cover post 2 sets up first spring 3, and the inside slip of cover post 2 is provided with piston 4 simultaneously, and the one end and the piston 4 of first spring 3 are connected, and the other end is connected with bottom plate 1 lower surface. The bottom fixedly connected with telescopic link 5 of piston 4, the bottom of telescopic link 5 sets up support frame 6, and the bottom of support frame 6 is rotated and is provided with gyro wheel 7. Through the setting of first spring 3, make the whole and bottom plate 1 that piston 4, telescopic link 5, support frame 6 and gyro wheel 7 constitute be elastic connection, to bottom plate 1 elastic support. In this embodiment, four sets of the sleeve columns 2 and the internal structure are arranged at four diagonal positions of the bottom plate 1, and the distance between the sleeve columns 2 at two sides of the same position is matched with the distance between the rails, so that the rollers 7 can roll on the corresponding rails when the device detects along a railway line.

The upper surface of the bottom plate 1 is provided with a frame body 8, a partition plate 9 is fixed on the upper portion of the frame body 8, a first motor 10 is arranged on the side face, a power output shaft of the first motor 10 is connected with a first rotating rod 11, and two ends of the first rotating rod 11 are rotatably connected with two sides of the frame body 8. The middle part of the first rotating rod 11 is fixedly provided with a first gear 12, and the first gear 12 is meshed with a rack on a vertically arranged moving rod 13. The bottom end of the movable rod 13 is movably provided with a fixed frame 14, the bottom end of the fixed frame 14 is provided with a plurality of fixed rods 15, and the fixed frame 14 is in sliding connection with the fixed rods 15. The bottom end of the fixed rod 15 is fixedly connected with a fixed plate 16, the top end of the fixed rod is fixedly connected with a top plate 17, meanwhile, a second spring 18 is sleeved on the fixed rod 15, the second spring 18 is divided into two sections, two ends of the second spring 18 of the upper section are respectively connected with the fixed frame 14 and the top plate 17, two ends of the second spring 18 of the lower section are respectively connected with the fixed frame 14 and the fixed plate 16, and the fixed frame 14 is elastically supported in a floating mode through the second spring 18. In this embodiment, four sets of the fixing rods 15, the top plate 17 and the second springs 18 are arranged at four diagonal positions of the fixing frame 14, and the bottom ends of the fixing rods 15 are fixed at four diagonal positions of the fixing plate 16.

Meanwhile, the bottom end of the moving rod 13 is sleeved with a third spring 19, the third spring 19 is also divided into two sections which are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the top surface of the fixed frame 14, and similar to the second spring 18, one end of each of the two sections of the third springs 19 is connected with the fixed frame 14, and the other end of each of the two sections of the third springs 19 is connected with a stop block on the moving rod 13. Through the arrangement of the second spring 18 and the third spring 19, the shaking of the equipment operation bottom plate 1 reduces the influence on a precision instrument on the fixed frame 14 under the elastic buffer effect, and the detection precision is improved.

The left and right sides of fixed plate 16 all is provided with vertical first guide bar 20, and the top and the baffle 9 of two first guide bar 20 are fixed, and the bottom mounting is on bottom plate 1, and first guide bar 20 is sliding connection with fixed plate 16, leads the vertical displacement of fixed plate 16.

Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 4, a connecting plate 21 is fixedly arranged inside the fixing frame 14, a second motor 22 is arranged on the connecting plate 21, a power output shaft of the second motor 22 is connected with a fixing ring 23, two sides of the fixing ring 23 are respectively and fixedly provided with a connecting rod 24, the outer end of the connecting rod 24 is provided with a sliding rod 25, and the top end of the sliding rod 25 is hinged with the connecting rod 24 and can rotate relative to the top end of the connecting rod 24. The bottom end of the sliding rod 25 is fixedly connected with a supporting plate 26, a detector 27 is arranged in the middle of the lower surface of the supporting plate 26, cracks are measured through the detector 27, sensors 44 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the lower surface of the supporting plate 26, the distance from the supporting plate 26 to a track is detected through the sensors 44, and the levelness of the supporting plate 26 is adjusted by controlling the driving of the second motor 22 through feedback information, so that the levelness of the supporting plate 26 is kept consistent with the levelness of the track trend. In addition, a support rod 28 is rotatably connected to the middle of the upper surface of the support plate 26, and the top end of the support rod 28 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 21, so that the support plate 26 is hinged to the fixing frame 14.

Wherein, the middle part of the fixing plate 16 is provided with a first through hole 29, a second through hole 30 arranged on the bottom plate 1 is arranged below the first through hole 29, the sizes of the first through hole 29 and the second through hole 30 are both larger than the size of the supporting plate 26, so that the supporting plate 26 can vertically pass through the bottom plate 1 and the fixing plate 16 along the first through hole 29 and the second through hole 30.

Meanwhile, as shown in fig. 5-7, the two ends of the first rotating rod 11 are respectively provided with a second gear 31, and the two sides of the first rotating rod 11 are provided with a vertical second rotating rod 32, and the top end of the second rotating rod 32 is provided with a first worm 33 and is engaged with the second gear 31. Wherein, the upper part of the second rotating rod 32 is rotatably connected with the partition board 9, and the lower part is rotatably connected with the bottom board 1. The second rotating rod 32 is provided at its bottom end with a second worm 34, the second worm 34 being engaged with a third gear 36 provided in the middle of a screw 35. Both ends of screw 35 all rotate and are provided with a riser 37, the top and the bottom plate 1 fixed connection of riser 37. The left and right external threads of the screw 35, which use the third gear 36 as a boundary, are opposite in direction, and are respectively sleeved with a moving block 38, the moving block 38 is provided with an internal thread matched with the external threads, and the screw 35 can drive the two moving blocks 38 to move in the opposite direction or in the opposite direction by using the opposite external threads when rotating. Each moving block 38 is connected with a telescopic frame 39, one end of each telescopic frame 39 is hinged with the corresponding moving block 38, the other end of each telescopic frame 39 is hinged with a baffle 40, and when the moving blocks 38 move in the opposite direction or in the opposite direction, the baffle 40 can be driven to move through the extension of the telescopic frames 39. Wherein, still be provided with second guide bar 41 between two riser 37, two movable blocks 38 are all slided and are set up on second guide bar 41, are guided by second guide bar 41. In addition, a guide block 42 is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper surface of the baffle plate 40, and the guide block 42 is slidably sleeved with a slide rail 43 on the lower surface of the bottom plate 1 to support and guide the movement of the baffle plate 40. Two sets of cooperating structures of guide blocks 42 and slide rails 43 are provided for each baffle 40.

The width of the baffle 40 is greater than the width of the second through hole 30, and the length of the baffle 40 is equal to half the length of the second through hole 30. In this embodiment, two sets of the blocking plates 40 and the corresponding driving structures are provided, the blocking plates 40 on two sides can completely cover the second through hole 30, and the first rotating rod 11 drives the second rotating rods 32 on two sides to synchronously drive.

In this embodiment, the structure of support body 8 and inside sets up two sets ofly altogether, is located the both sides of bottom plate 1 respectively, and the interval equally with orbital interval adaptation, detects respectively the track of both sides.

In the present embodiment, the probe 27 is an ultrasonic sensor structure, and when there is a defect (gas in the defect) or inclusion such as a pore, crack, or delamination in the structure, the ultrasonic wave is totally or partially reflected when it propagates to the interface between the structure and the defect. The reflected ultrasonic waves are received by the probe and processed by a circuit inside the instrument, and waveforms with different heights and certain intervals are displayed on a fluorescent screen of the instrument. The depth, position and shape of the defect in the workpiece can be judged according to the change characteristics of the waveform, and damage detection of the fastener structure is realized.

The working principle is as follows:

when the device for detecting the structural damage of the railway fastener is used, the device is firstly erected on a track, and a first motor 10 is controlled to rotate to drive a first gear 12 on a first rotating rod 11 to rotate, so that a moving rod 13 is driven to move downwards, and a fixing frame 14 is further driven to move downwards under the guiding action of a first guide rod 20. Meanwhile, the first rotating rod 11 drives the second rotating rod 32 to rotate through the second gear 31 and the first worm 33, the second rotating rod 32 drives the bottom second worm 34 to rotate, the second worm 34 drives the third gear 36 to rotate, so as to drive the screw 35 to rotate, the left moving block 38 and the right moving block 38 driven by the thread force move relatively under the guiding action of the second guide rod 41, so as to drive the telescopic frame 39 to contract, and further drive the baffle 40 to move under the guiding action of the slide rail 43, so that when the fixed frame 14 moves downwards, the baffles 40 on the two sides are opened simultaneously, and synchronous operation is realized. When the detector 27 at the lower part of the holder 14 is lowered into position, the shutter 40 is also opened into position to start detecting the track.

When equipment moves, piston 4 and first spring 3 in the cover post 2 form the cooperation, utilize the elasticity of first spring 3 to cushion rocking of equipment during operation, guarantee the steady operation of equipment. Meanwhile, the fixed rod 15 on the fixed plate 16 elastically supports the fixed frame 14 in a floating manner by using the second spring 18 on the fixed rod 15 and the third spring 19 at the bottom end of the movable rod 13, so that the influence of shaking transmitted to the fixed frame 14 on the detector 27 is further reduced, the detector 27 is protected, and the detection precision of the detector 27 is improved. And when the equipment moves, slightly rock and can cause backup pad 26 skew, lead to detector 27 not parallel to the track, detection error appears, at this moment, measure the orbital distance respectively through backup pad 26 bottom front and back sensor 44, when difference appears in two places distance, start second motor 22 and drive connecting rod 24 of connecting on solid fixed ring 23 and rotate by a small margin, connecting rod 24 drives the slide bar 25 on both sides and reciprocates, thereby drive the backup pad 26 rotation of bottom, adjust the inclination of backup pad 26, offset the backup pad 26 slope fluctuation that equipment rocked and lead to, make backup pad 26 and the detector 27 of bottom be on a parallel with the track all the time, improve the detection precision of detector 27.

After the detection is finished, the first motor 10 is rotated reversely to drive the detector 27 to be put into the frame body 8, the baffle 40 is synchronously closed to just cover the second through hole 30, the detector 27 is protected in a sealing mode, and damage of a precision instrument caused by accidental collision is prevented.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a railway fastener structure damage detection car, a serial communication port, including bottom plate (1), the lower surface of bottom plate (1) is provided with a plurality of elastic roller mechanisms, elastic roller mechanism can move on the track, and right bottom plate (1) elastic support, be provided with support body (8) on bottom plate (1), be provided with lift drive portion on support body (8), lift drive portion and instrument installation department elastic connection, the instrument installation department by lift drive portion drives and passes bottom plate (1) goes up and down, the instrument installation department includes detector (27) and supports the guiding mechanism of detector (27), guiding mechanism can adjust inclination.

2. The railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the elastic roller mechanism comprises a sleeve column (2) fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate (1), a first spring (3) is arranged inside the sleeve column (2), a piston (4) is arranged inside the sleeve column (2) in a sliding manner, one end of the first spring (3) is connected with the piston (4), the other end of the first spring is connected with the lower surface of the bottom plate (1), a telescopic rod (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston (4), a support frame (6) is arranged at the bottom end of the telescopic rod (5), and a roller (7) is arranged at the bottom end of the support frame (6) in a rotating manner.

3. The railway fastener structural damage detection vehicle of claim 1, the lifting driving part comprises a first motor (10) arranged on the side surface of the frame body (8), the power output shaft of the first motor (10) is connected with a first rotating rod (11), two ends of the first rotating rod (11) are rotatably connected with two sides of the frame body (8), a first gear (12) is arranged in the middle of the first rotating rod (11), the first gear (12) is meshed with a rack on a moving rod (13), the instrument mounting part comprises a fixed frame (14) movably arranged at the bottom end of the movable rod (13), the bottom of mount (14) is provided with a plurality of elasticity supporting structure that floats, elasticity supporting structure that floats is connected with a fixed plate (16) simultaneously, fixed plate (16) pass through the drive of lift drive division and go up and down.

4. The railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle of claim 3, wherein the elastic floating supporting structure comprises a plurality of fixing rods (15), the fixing frame (14) is slidably connected with the fixing rods (15), the bottom ends of the fixing rods (15) are fixedly connected with the fixing plates (16), the top ends of the fixing rods (15) are fixedly connected with a top plate (17), the fixing rods (15) are sleeved with second springs (18), the second springs (18) are divided into two sections, the two ends of the second springs (18) at the upper section are respectively connected with the fixing frame (14) and the top plate (17), and the two ends of the second springs (18) at the lower section are respectively connected with the fixing frame (14) and the fixing plates (16).

5. A railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that the bottom end of the movable rod (13) is further sleeved with a third spring (19), the third spring (19) is divided into two sections and is respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the top surface of the fixed frame (14), one end of the two sections of the third spring (19) is connected with the fixed frame (14), and the other end of the two sections of the third spring (19) is respectively connected with two stop blocks on the movable rod (13).

6. A railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle according to claim 5, wherein two sides of the fixing plate (16) are respectively provided with a first guide rod (20), the top ends of the two first guide rods (20) are fixedly connected with a partition plate (9) fixedly arranged on the upper portion of the frame body (8), the bottom ends of the first guide rods (20) are fixed on the bottom plate (1), and the first guide rods (20) are slidably connected with the fixing plate (16).

7. The railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the adjusting mechanism comprises a connecting plate (21) fixedly arranged inside the fixing frame (14), the connecting plate (21) is provided with a second motor (22), a power output shaft of the second motor (22) is connected with a fixing ring (23), two sides of the fixing ring (23) are respectively and fixedly provided with a connecting rod (24), an outer end of the connecting rod (24) is provided with a sliding rod (25), a top end of the sliding rod (25) is hinged with the connecting rod (24), a bottom end of the sliding rod (25) is fixedly connected with a supporting plate (26), the detector (27) is arranged in the middle of a lower surface of the supporting plate (26), sensors (44) are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the lower surface of the supporting plate (26), and a supporting rod (28) is rotatably connected to the middle of the upper surface of the supporting plate (26), the top end of the supporting rod (28) is fixedly connected with the connecting plate (21).

8. A railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle according to claim 7, wherein a first through hole (29) is formed in the middle of the fixing plate (16), a second through hole (30) formed in the bottom plate (1) is formed below the first through hole (29), and the first through hole (29) and the second through hole (30) are larger than the support plate (26).

9. The railway fastener structure damage detection vehicle according to claim 8, wherein an opening and closing mechanism is further arranged on the bottom plate (1), the opening and closing mechanism comprises a baffle plate (40) arranged below the second through hole (30), second gears (31) are respectively arranged at two ends of the first rotating rod (11), second rotating rods (32) are arranged at two sides of the first rotating rod (11), a first worm (33) is arranged at the top end of each second rotating rod (32) and is meshed with the corresponding second gear (31), the upper portion of each second rotating rod (32) is rotatably connected with the corresponding partition plate (9), the lower portion of each second rotating rod is rotatably connected with the bottom plate (1), a second worm (34) is arranged at the bottom end of each second rotating rod (32), and the second worm (34) is meshed with a third gear (36) arranged in the middle of the corresponding screw (35), both ends of the screw rod (35) are rotatably provided with a vertical plate (37), the top ends of the vertical plates (37) are fixedly connected with the base plate (1), the left and right external threads of the screw rod (35) taking the third gear (36) as a boundary are opposite in direction, and are respectively sleeved with a moving block (38), the moving block (38) is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread, the screw rod (35) can drive the two moving blocks (38) to move oppositely or reversely by utilizing the opposite external thread when rotating, each moving block (38) is connected with an expansion bracket (39), one end of the expansion bracket (39) is hinged with the moving block (38), the other end of the expansion bracket is hinged with the baffle plate (40), a second guide rod (41) is further arranged between the two vertical plates (37), and the two moving blocks (38) are both slidably arranged on the second guide rod (41), the upper surface one side of baffle (40) is fixed and is provided with guide block (42), guide block (42) with slide rail (43) sliding sleeve of bottom plate (1) lower surface.

10. A railway fastener structural damage detection vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the width of the baffle plate (40) is greater than the width of the second through holes (30), the length of the baffle plate (40) is equal to half of the length of the second through holes (30), and two baffle plates (40) are arranged at each position of the second through holes (30).