CN113459729A - 剪切带 - Google Patents

剪切带 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113459729A
CN113459729A CN202110341556.7A CN202110341556A CN113459729A CN 113459729 A CN113459729 A CN 113459729A CN 202110341556 A CN202110341556 A CN 202110341556A CN 113459729 A CN113459729 A CN 113459729A
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China
Prior art keywords
tire
fabric layer
layer
shear band
shear
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F·斯波尔特利
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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Publication of CN113459729A publication Critical patent/CN113459729A/zh
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Tyre Moulding (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于轮胎的剪切带包括：第一织物层，其围绕轮胎周向地延伸；第二织物层，其围绕轮胎周向地延伸；以及间隔件层，其径向地插入在第一织物层和第二织物层之间。第一织物层和第二织物层各自由复丝纱组成。间隔件层由单丝纱组成。

Description

剪切带
技术领域
本发明提供在非充气轮胎、充气轮胎和/或其他技术中使用的改进的剪切带。
背景技术
一个常规示例涉及一种结构支撑的弹性轮胎，其在没有内部空气压力的情况下支撑载荷。该非充气轮胎包括：地面接触部分；以及侧壁部分，其从胎面部分径向向内延伸并锚定在胎圈部分中，所述胎圈部分适于在车轮/轮胎的滚动期间保持固定到车轮。加强的环形剪切带安置在胎面部分的径向内侧。该剪切带包括至少一个剪切层、粘附到剪切层的径向向内范围的第一膜和粘附到剪切层的径向向外范围的第二膜。这些膜中的每一者的纵向拉伸模量充分大于剪切层的动态剪切模量，使得在载荷下，轮胎的地面接触部分通过剪切层中的剪切应变而变形为平坦接触区域，同时保持这些膜的恒定长度。这些膜的相对位移基本上通过剪切层中的剪切应变发生。
另一个常规非充气轮胎包括外部环形剪切带和多个网状轮辐，所述多个网状轮辐横向地跨越剪切带延伸并从剪切带径向向内延伸且锚定在车轮或轮毂中。该剪切带可包括环形剪切层、粘附到剪切层的径向向内范围的第一膜和粘附到剪切层的径向向外范围的第二膜。在载荷下，该剪切带通过包括剪切带的剪切变形的机构而在与地表面的接触区域中变形。
如上文所描述的，剪切带可在轮胎中提供期望的性能益处。如下文所描述的，根据本发明的剪切带可进一步增强轮胎的性能能力。剪切带的这种改进的构造也可应用于充气轮胎、非充气轮胎和其他产品中。
发明内容
根据本发明的用于轮胎的剪切带包括：第一织物层，其围绕轮胎周向地延伸；第二织物层，其围绕轮胎周向地延伸；以及间隔件层，其径向地插入在第一织物层和第二织物层之间。第一织物层和第二织物层各自由复丝纱组成。间隔件层由单丝纱组成。
根据剪切带的另一个方面，第一织物层固定到间隔件层。
根据剪切带的再另一个方面，第二织物层固定到间隔件层。
根据剪切带的又一方面，第一橡胶层固定到第一织物层的径向外表面。
根据剪切带的再另一个方面，第二橡胶层固定到第二织物层的径向内表面。
根据剪切带的又一方面，第一织物层仅包含复丝纱。
根据剪切带的再另一个方面，第二织物层仅包含复丝纱。
根据剪切带的又一方面，间隔件层仅包含单丝纱。
根据剪切带的再另一个方面，第一织物层形成具有六边形空置空间的图案。
根据剪切带的又一方面，第二织物层形成具有六边形空置空间的图案。
根据本发明的方法构造或制造用于轮胎的剪切带。该方法包括以下步骤：限定具有复丝的第一织物层；将第一橡胶层固定到第一织物层；限定具有复丝的第二织物层；将第二橡胶层固定到第一织物层；限定具有单丝的间隔件层；将第一织物层固定到间隔件层的第一部分；以及将第二织物层固定到间隔件层的第二部分。
根据该方法的另一个方面，另外的步骤包括将间隔件层的第一部分针织到第一织物层。
根据该方法的再另一个方面，另外的步骤包括将间隔件层的第二部分针织到第二织物层。
根据该方法的又一方面，另外的步骤包括将间隔件层的第一部分机织到第一织物层。
根据该方法的再另一个方面，另外的步骤包括将间隔件层的第二部分机织到第二织物层。
本发明提供以下技术方案：
1. 一种用于轮胎的剪切带，所述剪切带包括：
第一织物层，其围绕所述轮胎周向地延伸；
第二织物层，其围绕所述轮胎周向地延伸；以及
间隔件层，其径向地插入在所述第一织物层和所述第二织物层之间，所述第一织物层和所述第二织物层各自由复丝纱组成，所述间隔件层由单丝纱组成。
2. 根据方案1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第一织物层固定到所述间隔件层。
3. 根据方案1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第二织物层固定到所述间隔件层。
4. 根据方案1所述的剪切带，其进一步包括固定到所述第一织物层的径向外表面的第一橡胶层。
5. 根据方案4所述的剪切带，其进一步包括固定到所述第二织物层的径向内表面的第二橡胶层。
6. 根据方案1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第一织物层仅包含复丝纱。
7. 根据方案6所述的剪切带，其中，所述第二织物层仅包含复丝纱。
8. 根据方案1所述的剪切带，其中，所述间隔件层仅包含单丝纱。
9. 根据方案1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第一织物层形成具有六边形空置空间的图案。
10. 根据方案1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第二织物层形成具有六边形空置空间的图案。
11. 一种用于构造用于轮胎的剪切带的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
限定具有复丝的第一织物层；
将第一橡胶层固定到所述第一织物层；
限定具有复丝的第二织物层；
将第二橡胶层固定到所述第一织物层；
限定具有单丝的间隔件层；
将所述第一织物层固定到所述间隔件层的第一部分；以及
将所述第二织物层固定到所述间隔件层的第二部分。
12. 根据方案11所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第一部分针织到所述第一织物层。
13. 根据方案11所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第二部分针织到所述第二织物层。
14. 根据方案11所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第一部分机织到所述第一织物层。
15. 根据方案11所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第二部分机织到所述第二织物层。
16. 根据方案11所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第一部分粘附到所述第一织物层。
17. 根据方案11所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第二部分粘附到所述第二织物层。
18. 根据方案11所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第一部分针织到所述第一织物层。
19. 根据方案12所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第二部分粘附到所述第二织物层。
20. 根据方案12所述的方法，其进一步包括以下步骤：将所述间隔件层的所述第二部分机织到所述第二织物层。
定义
如本文中和权利要求中所使用的：
“粘附”意指通过胶水、焊接、摩擦、机械接合、熔合和/或其他粘合方法将一个物品结合到另一个物品。
“三角胶芯”意指位于胎圈芯径向上方且在帘布层和反包帘布层之间的弹性体填料。
“环形”意指形成如同一个环。
“芳纶”和“芳族聚酰胺”两者都意指制造纤维，其中纤维形成物质通常被识别为合成芳族聚酰胺的长链，其中至少85%的酰胺键直接附接到两个芳族环。芳纶或芳族聚酰胺的代表是聚(对苯二甲酰对苯二胺)。
“高宽比”意指轮胎断面高度与其断面宽度的比。例如，高宽比可以是当在正常压力下卸载和充气时轮胎侧壁的外部之间的最大轴向距离乘以100％以表达为百分比。低高宽比可意指高宽比为65及以下的轮胎。
“胎圈横断面的高宽比”意指胎圈断面高度与其断面宽度的比。
“不对称胎面”意指具有关于轮胎的中心面或赤道面（EP）不对称的胎面花纹的胎面。
“轴向的”和“轴向地”是指平行于轮胎的旋转轴线的线或方向。
"胎圈"意指轮胎的包括环形抗拉构件的部分，其由帘布层帘线包绕并且被成形为带有或不带其他加强元件（诸如，胎圈芯包布（flipper）、胎跟加强层（chipper）、三角胶芯（apex）、护趾胶（toe guard）和胎圈包布（chafer））以便适配于设计轮辋。
"带束层结构"意指由平行帘线构成的至少两个环形层或帘布层，所述平行帘线经过编织或未经编织，位于胎面下方，非锚定到胎圈，并且具有相对于轮胎赤道面（EP）倾斜的帘线。带束层结构还可包括以相对低的角度倾斜的平行帘线构成的帘布层，用作限制层。
“斜交轮胎”（交叉帘布层）意指其中在胎体帘布层中的加强帘线以相对于轮胎赤道面（EP）约25°至65°角度斜对角地跨越轮胎从胎圈延伸到胎圈的轮胎。如果存在多个帘布层，则帘布层帘线在交替的层中以相反的角度延伸。
“编织内胎”意指包括帘线/长丝/线束/带的管状结构，所述帘线/长丝/线束/带具有沿其长度形成规则的对角线花纹的三分量或更多分量股线束。内胎结构可以是通过将几股线束编结或机织在一起而形成的窄的绳状带。编织可导致交织织物内胎，其具有以对角线构型铺设在一起的交叉带，由此形成窄带的管状织物，该窄带的管状织物可被压平以形成压平的内胎带和/或层。
“缓冲层”意指由平行加强帘线构成的至少两个环形层，所述平行加强帘线参考轮胎赤道面（EP）具有与胎体帘布层中的平行加强帘线相同的角度。缓冲层通常与斜交轮胎相关联。
“缆线”意指通过将两个或多个合股纱线捻合在一起而形成的帘线。
“胎体”意指除带束层结构、胎面、底胎面以及帘布层上的侧壁橡胶之外的轮胎结构，但是包括胎圈。
“外胎”意指除胎面与底胎面之外的轮胎的胎体、带束层结构、胎圈、侧壁及所有其他部件，即，整个轮胎。
“胎跟加强层”是指位于胎圈区域中的一窄条织物或钢丝帘线，其功能是加强胎圈区域并稳定侧壁的径向最内侧部分。
“周向的”和“周向地”意指沿着与赤道面（EP）平行且与轴向方向垂直的环形轮胎表面的周长延伸的线或方向；它还可以指其半径限定胎面的轴向曲率的多组相邻圆形曲线的方向，如在横断面中所视。
如本文中所使用的“复合材料”意指由两个或更多个层构造。
“帘线”意指组成轮胎加强结构的加强线束之一。
“帘线角”意指由帘线相对于赤道面（EP）在轮胎平面图中的向左或右形成的锐角。所述“帘线角”在已固化但未充气的轮胎中测量。
“帘线捻度”意指帘线的每根纱线使其组分长丝以每单位长度纱线的给定数目的匝数（通常以每英寸匝数（TPI）或每米匝数（TPM）表达）捻合在一起，且附加地，纱线以每单位长度帘线的给定数目的匝数被捻合在一起。捻向是指当纱线或帘线保持竖直时纱线或帘线的螺旋的倾斜方向。如果螺旋的倾斜在方向上符合字母"S"的倾斜，则捻度被称为"S"或"左旋"。如果螺旋的倾斜在方向上符合字母"Z"的倾斜，则捻度被称为"Z"或"右旋"。“S”或“左旋”捻向被理解为是与“Z”或“右旋”捻度相反的方向。“纱线捻度"被理解为意指在纱线被并入到帘线中之前赋予纱线的捻度，并且“帘线捻度"被理解为意指当两根或更多根纱线彼此捻合在一起以形成一根帘线时赋予这些纱线的捻度。“分特（dtex）”被理解为意指在纱线具有赋予其的捻度之前以纱线的10,000米的克数为单位的重量。
“切割带束层帘布层”是指宽度小于胎面宽度的带束层，其在轮胎的胎冠区域中平坦地位于胎体帘布层上。
“胎冠”意指在轮胎胎面附近的轮胎的部分。
“旦尼尔（denier）”意指以每9000米的克数为单位的重量（用于表达线密度的单位）。“分特”意指以每10,000米的克数为单位的重量。
“密度”意指每单位长度的重量。
“动态剪切模量”意指根据ASTM D5992测量的剪切模量。
“弹性体”意指在变形之后能够恢复大小和形状的弹性材料。
“断裂伸长率”意指如通过ASTM D412-98a测量并在100℃而非环境下进行的拉伸伸长率。
“赤道面（EP）”意指垂直于轮胎的旋转轴线并穿过其胎面中心的平面；或者包含胎面周向中心线的平面。
“演变的胎面花纹”意指这样的胎面花纹，即，其行驶表面（该行驶表面意图与道路接触）随着由轮胎在路面上行进造成的胎面磨损而演变，该演变在设计轮胎时被预先确定，以便获得附着力和道路操纵性能，在轮胎的整个使用/磨损时期期间，无论胎面的磨损程度如何，所述附着力和道路操纵性能保持基本上不变。
“织物”意指基本单向延伸的帘线构成的网状织物，其可被捻合，进而由多个高模量材料构成的众多长丝（也可被捻合）组成。
“纤维”是形成长丝的基本单元的天然或人造的物质单元；其特征是长度至少为其直径或宽度的100倍。
“长丝支数”意指构成纱线的长丝的数量。示例：1000旦聚酯具有大致190根长丝。
“胎圈芯包布”是指围绕胎圈钢丝的加强织物用于强度并将胎圈钢丝紧固在轮胎本体中。
“印迹”意指轮胎胎面在零速度及标准载荷和压力下与平坦表面的接地面积或接触面积。
“规格尺寸”通常是指测量值，具体指厚度测量值。
“花纹沟”意指胎面中的细长空隙区域，其可以以直线状、曲线状、或之字形方式绕胎面周向地或横向地延伸。周向地延伸的花纹沟和横向地延伸的花纹沟有时具有共同部分。“花纹沟宽度”可以是由花纹沟或花纹沟部分所占据的胎面表面除以这种花纹沟或花纹沟部分的长度；因此，花纹沟宽度可以是其长度上的平均宽度。在轮胎中花纹沟可以具有变化的深度。花纹沟的深度可围绕胎面的圆周变化，或者一个花纹沟的深度可以是恒定的，但与轮胎中的另一个花纹沟的深度不同。如果这种窄或宽的花纹沟与相互连接的宽的周向花纹沟相比具有显著减小的深度，这些花纹沟则被认为形成了倾向于在所涉及的胎面区域中保持肋状特性的“加强桥”。如本文中所使用的，花纹沟意图具有足够大的宽度足以在轮胎接地面积或印迹中保持敞开。
“高抗拉强度钢（high tensile steel, HT）”意指以0.20 mm的长丝直径具有至少3400 MPa的抗拉强度的碳钢。
“迟滞”意指动态损耗角正切（例如，最大损耗角正切（max tan delta））。材料的动态特性是根据ASTM D5992在MTS 831弹性体测试系统上测量的。记录硫化材料样品（厚度为4 mm且断面为400 mm2的圆柱形测试件）在10 Hz的频率和80°C的温度下经受交替的单一正弦剪切应力的响应。以0.1％到50％（向外循环）、然后50％到0.1％（返回循环）的变形幅度进行扫描。在向外循环期间确定以MPa为单位的最大剪切模量G max和损耗角正切的最大正切值（max tan delta）。
“内部”意指朝向轮胎的内侧，且“外部”意指朝向其外侧。
“内衬”意指形成无内胎轮胎的内表面的弹性体或其他材料的一层或多层，其包含轮胎内的充气流体。
“内侧”意指当轮胎安装在车轮上并且车轮安装在车辆上时轮胎的最接近车辆的一侧。
“针织”意指一种方法，通过所述方法将纱线操纵为形成纺织品或织物。针织可在线或内胎中形成多圈纱线（被称为接缝（stitch））。针织织物可由许多连续行的相互穿套的圈组成。
“LASE”为在规定伸长率下的载荷。
“横向的”意指轴向方向。
“捻距（lay length）”意指捻合的长丝或线束绕另一长丝或线束旋转360度而行进的距离。
“载荷范围”意指如由The Tire and Rim Association, Inc中的表格中定义的，在特定类型的服务中使用的给定轮胎的载荷和充气限制。
试样的“模量（modulus）”意指在沿轮胎周向方向的伸长率为1％时的拉伸弹性模量乘以试样的有效厚度。
“兆抗拉强度钢（mega tensile steel，MT）”意指以0.20 mm的长丝直径具有至少4500 MPa的抗拉强度的碳钢。
“子午面”意指平行于轮胎的旋转轴线并从该轴线径向向外延伸的平面。
“净接触面积”意指如围绕胎面的整个圆周测量的限定的边界边缘之间的地面接触元件的总面积。
“净总比”意指围绕胎面的整个圆周的胎面横向边缘之间的地面接触胎面元件的总面积除以横向边缘之间的胎面的整个圆周的总面积。
“非定向胎面”意指如下胎面，其没有优选的前进行进方向、也不要求定位在车辆上特定的车轮位置或多个车轮位置中来确保胎面花纹与优选的行进方向对齐。相反地，定向胎面花纹具有需要特定的车轮定位的优选的行进方向。
“标准载荷”意指由适当的标准组织为轮胎使用状况分配的特定的设计充气压力和载荷。
“标准抗拉强度钢（normal tensile steel，NT）”意指以0.20 mm的长丝直径具有至少2800 MPa的抗拉强度的碳钢。
“外侧”意指当轮胎安装在车轮上并且车轮安装在车辆上时轮胎的最远离车辆的一侧。
“帘布层（ply）”意指由涂覆有橡胶的径向地配置或以其他方式平行的帘线构成的帘线加强层。
“径向的”和“径向地”意指径向上朝向或远离轮胎的旋转轴线的方向。
“子午线帘布层结构”意指一个或多个胎体帘布层，或其至少一个帘布层具有以相对于轮胎赤道面（EP）在65°和90°之间的角度定向的加强帘线。
“子午线帘布层轮胎”意指带束层或周向地限制的充气轮胎，其中至少一个帘布层具有从胎圈延伸到胎圈的帘线并且帘布层以相对于轮胎赤道面（EP）在65°和90°之间的帘线角铺设。
“肋（rib，花纹条）”意指在胎面上周向地延伸的橡胶条，其由至少一个周向花纹沟以及第二个这种花纹沟或横向边缘限定，该条在横向上未被大深度花纹沟分开。
“铆接点（rivet）”意指在一层中在帘线之间的空隙。
“断面高度”意指在轮胎赤道面（EP）处从名义轮辋直径到轮胎外直径的径向距离。
“断面宽度”意指以标准压力对轮胎充气24小时之时或之后，但轮胎并未承载的情况下，平行于轮胎轴线且位于其侧壁的外部之间的最大线性距离，不包括由于标签、装饰或保护带所致的侧壁升高。
“ 自体支撑型缺气保用轮胎（self-supporting run-flat）”意指具有一种结构的轮胎类型，其中，当轮胎对于有限的时间段和有限的速度在未充气的状况下操作时，轮胎结构独自足够强地支撑车辆载荷。轮胎的侧壁和内表面由于轮胎结构单独地（例如，没有内部结构），可能不会塌缩或皱缩到其自身上。
“侧壁插件”意指位于轮胎的侧壁区域中的弹性体或帘线加强件。插件可添加到胎体加强帘布层和形成轮胎外表面的外侧壁橡胶。
“侧壁”意指轮胎的在胎面和胎圈之间的部分。
“细缝”或“刀槽花纹”意指模制到轮胎的胎面元件中、细分胎面表面并改进牵引的小缝隙；细缝可被设计成当在接地面积或印迹内时闭合，这区别于花纹沟。
“弹性刚度”意指表达为在给定压力下的载荷挠度曲线的斜率的轮胎的刚度。
“刚度比”意指控制带束层结构刚度的值除以另一个带束层结构刚度的值（当由固定三点弯曲测试确定这些值时，所述固定三点弯曲测试使帘线的两端由在固定端之间居中的载荷支撑和挠曲）。
“超抗拉强度钢（super tensile steel，ST）”意指以0.20 mm的长丝直径具有至少3650 MPa的抗拉强度的碳钢。
“韧性”意指表达为无应变样品的力/每单位线性密度的应力（克/特克斯或克/旦尼尔）。
“拉伸应力”是以力/横断面积表达的力。以psi为单位的强度=12,800乘以比重乘以以克/旦尼尔为单位的韧性。
“张力”是表达为mN/tex的帘线上的帘线平均力。
“护趾胶”是指轮胎的每个胎圈轴向内侧的周向地配置的弹性体轮辋接触部分。
“胎面”意指当结合到轮胎外胎时包括轮胎的当轮胎正常充气并处于标准载荷下时与道路接触的部分的模制橡胶部件。
“胎面元件”或“牵引元件”意指肋或块体元件。
“胎面宽度”意指在包括轮胎的旋转轴线的平面中的胎面表面的弧长度。
“每英寸匝数”或TPI意指每英寸长度的帘线的帘线捻度的匝数。
“反包端”意指胎体帘布层从被帘布层包绕的胎圈向上翻（即，径向向外翻）的部分。
“超高抗拉强度钢（ultra tensile steel，UT）”意指以0.20 mm的长丝直径具有至少4000 MPa的抗拉强度的碳钢。
“竖直变形”意指轮胎在承受载荷的情况下变形的量。
“机织（weaving）”意指一种纺织品生产方法，其中两组不同的纱线或线以直角交织以形成织物或层。纵向纱线或线可被称为经线，且横向纱线或线可被称为纬线或纬纱。
“车轮”或“轮毂”意指用于支撑轮胎并安装到车桥的结构。
“纱线”是用于连续股纺织品纤维或长丝的通用术语。纱线以下列几种形式出现：（1）捻合在一起的多根纤维；（2）铺设在一起而没有捻度的多根长丝；（3）铺设在一起且具有一定程度的捻度的多根长丝；（4）有或没有捻度的单根长丝（单丝）；以及（5）有或没有捻度的窄材料条。
附图说明
在说明书中参考附图阐述了针对本领域普通技术人员的本发明的示例的完整且实现的公开，在附图中：
图1是根据本发明的示例剪切带的一部分的示意性透视图。
图2是图1的该部分的示意性顶视图。
图3是完整剪切带的沿着图1中的线“3-3”截取的示意性横断面图。
图4是完整剪切带的沿着图1中的线“4-4”截取的示意性横断面图。
贯穿附图，类似的数字指类似的部分。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参考本发明的示例，在附图中图示了其一个或多个示例。这些示例可用在轮胎中，诸如在US 10,071,603的示例轮胎中所描述的，该专利通过引用以其整体并入本文中。每个示例通过解释本发明来提供，且并不意在作为对本发明的限制。例如，被图示或描述为一个示例的一部分的特征可与另一个示例一起使用以产生又一个第三示例。本发明意图包括这些以及其他修改和变型。应注意，出于讨论的目的，可在一个或多个图中仅描绘示例轮胎的一部分。使用本文中所公开的教导，本领域普通技术人员将理解，可在示例轮胎的其他部分中重复相同或基本上类似的特征。
本发明提供了可用在多种产品中的改进的剪切带，所述产品包括例如非充气轮胎、充气轮胎和/或其他技术。改进的剪切带可被构造为由各独立针织层组成的复合物，所述各独立针织层可进而由具有特定物理性质的某些材料构造，当以如本文中所描述的特定方式组合时，这些材料可提供整体物理性质和性能特性，所述整体物理性质和性能特性期望地超过从仅由各独立材料中的一种构造的剪切带所获得的物理性质和性能特性。仅作为示例，可在滚动阻力和轮胎设计灵活性方面获得改进。
根据本发明，如本文中所描述的，由常规橡胶化合物构成的剪切带材料可由超轻的三维针织织物层代替。在其他应用中，计算机化的经纬线机可开发具有改进的物理、热和/或机械性质的三维纺织品。这些纺织品可用于航空航天、汽车、岩土、海洋、医疗和/或其他适用行业中。在该系列纺织品内，针织的三维织物可限定两个独立的顶层和底层（也称为外层（skin））的结构，顶层和底层相互连接、但通过间隔件层彼此保持隔开。这种类型的结构可通过纬编或经编针织来制造，其中经编针织是最常见的。在针织循环中，可使用双针机同时针织顶层和底层。
根据本发明，针织的复丝纱可限定顶层和底层，而单丝纱（或绒头）可限定间隔件层。剪切带还可包括固定到顶层的第一橡胶层和固定到底层的第二橡胶层。剪切带可由诸如聚氨酯或类似纤维之类的材料以一定间隔分割。剪切带的厚度可在7.0 mm和10.0 mm之间。顶层和底层的复丝纱以及间隔件层的单丝纱线可由聚酯纤维或其他合适的材料形成。
如图1-4中所示，根据本发明的示例剪切带10可包括：第一顶部橡胶层11（图3-4）；第一顶部织物层21，其固定到第一顶部橡胶层；第二底部橡胶层12（图3-4）；第二底部织物层22，其固定到第二底部橡胶层；以及间隔件层30，其径向地互连第一顶部织物层和第二底部织物层。层11、12、21、22、30可通过弹性聚氨酯和/或其他合适的材料的纵向间隔件区段40而分割成规则的部分。
第一顶部织物层21和第二底部织物层22可由合适材料的复丝纱构造。复丝纱可由以平行的行对准的连续长丝组成，所述长丝直线延伸，除了在通过加捻将它们卷绕之外，从而给予纱线均匀性或光滑性的外观而没有毛羽。大多数长丝可能不需要上浆。然而，上浆可将其效率进一步提高15–20％。上浆可改进纱线的摩擦阻力，并且可粘合长丝，从而防止在机织之前存在于纱线上或可在机织期间断裂的任何断裂长丝剥离和交缠。为了实现这一点，所选择的长丝尺寸可对纤维具有足够的粘附力以使长丝粘合。复丝纱可形成具有空置空间23（图1-2）的图案以减轻重量。空置空间23可以是任何合适的形状，诸如六边形（图1-2）、正方形、正交、非正交、三角形等。
间隔件层30可由合适材料的单丝纱构造。单丝纱可由单根实心长丝组成。单丝纱的横截面可以是圆形的和实心的。可改变长丝的形状以产生非圆形长丝、中空长丝和/或其他形状的单丝。单丝纱的直径范围可在100.0 μm和2000.0 μm之间。单丝纱的示例可包括钓鱼线、牙线、运动球拍线、牙刷的刷毛和/或其他合适的用途。空心单丝可用于较软的缝纫线应用中，而弹性体单丝可应用于压力层（诸如，间隔件层30）中。间隔件层30的单丝可以以任何合适的方式附接到织物层21、22，诸如将单丝直接针织或机织到织物层中。
本领域普通技术人员将理解，可形成落入本公开和所附权利要求书内的本发明的众多示例。应理解，本发明包括可对本文中所描述的示例进行的各种修改，这些修改在所附权利要求书及其等同物的范围内，如由本领域普通技术人员所确定的。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于轮胎的剪切带，所述剪切带包括：
第一织物层，其围绕所述轮胎周向地延伸；
第二织物层，其围绕所述轮胎周向地延伸；以及
间隔件层，其径向地插入在所述第一织物层和所述第二织物层之间，所述第一织物层和所述第二织物层各自由复丝纱组成，所述间隔件层由单丝纱组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第一织物层固定到所述间隔件层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第二织物层固定到所述间隔件层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带，其进一步包括固定到所述第一织物层的径向外表面的第一橡胶层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的剪切带，其进一步包括固定到所述第二织物层的径向内表面的第二橡胶层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第一织物层仅包含复丝纱。
7.根据权利要求6所述的剪切带，其中，所述第二织物层仅包含复丝纱。
8.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带，其中，所述间隔件层仅包含单丝纱。
9.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第一织物层形成具有六边形空置空间的图案。
10.根据权利要求1所述的剪切带，其中，所述第二织物层形成具有六边形空置空间的图案。
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