CN113458430A - Special pin hole fine boring machine for crank shaft - Google Patents
Special pin hole fine boring machine for crank shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN113458430A CN113458430A CN202110763608.XA CN202110763608A CN113458430A CN 113458430 A CN113458430 A CN 113458430A CN 202110763608 A CN202110763608 A CN 202110763608A CN 113458430 A CN113458430 A CN 113458430A
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- Prior art keywords
- boring
- clamp
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- rod
- sliding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B23/00—Tailstocks; Centres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
- B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
- B23Q11/1069—Filtration systems specially adapted for cutting liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/08—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated
- B23Q3/082—Work-clamping means other than mechanically-actuated hydraulically actuated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
- B23Q5/34—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission
- B23Q5/38—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously
- B23Q5/40—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw
- B23Q5/402—Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission feeding continuously by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw in which screw or nut can both be driven
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
- B23Q7/06—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of pushers
Abstract
The invention discloses a special machine for finely boring pin holes on a crank shaft, which comprises a machine body, wherein a shock pad is arranged at the bottom of the machine body, and a hole boring mechanism for driving a cutter to feed for boring and a clamp for pre-positioning, feeding, positioning and clamping the crank shaft are arranged at the upper part of the machine body along the length direction; a hydraulic sliding table is arranged below the boring mechanism, and a saddle of the hydraulic sliding table is fixedly connected with the boring mechanism to drive the boring mechanism to complete feeding movement; the bottom of the clamp is provided with a clamp adjusting mechanism, and the bottom of the clamp is fixedly connected with the clamp adjusting mechanism; according to the invention, a working cycle automatically completes the pre-positioning, feeding, positioning, clamping, boring and discharging processes of the crankshaft, the finish boring of the pin hole and the chamfer of the hole end is completed, the production tact is less than or equal to 35 seconds per 2 pieces, and the boring precision and the roughness meet the grinding requirements; the processing requirements of high efficiency and high precision of parts are met, the processing tool is suitable for mass production, and crankshafts with different diameters can be processed by adjusting the center distance between the pin holes and the crankshafts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crankshaft machining, in particular to a special machine for finely boring pin holes in a crankshaft.
Background
The crankshaft is one of the important parts in the gasoline engine, and the quality of the parts directly influences the performance of the gasoline engine. The existing pin hole processing technology is to roughly bore a pin hole, finely pass the pin hole and grind the pin hole, and can meet the requirements of a drawing, namely: aperture size precision 6 grade, center distance size precision 6 grade, roundness tolerance 0.004, cylindricity tolerance 0.004, parallelism of pin hole axis and crank shaft axis 100: ∅ 0.02.02, pore surface roughness 0.8. The existing crank shaft pin hole machining mode is complex in process, low in production efficiency and not suitable for large-batch production requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical purpose is as follows: aiming at the defects of complex processing procedure and low production efficiency of the existing crank pin, the invention discloses a special crankshaft pin hole fine boring machine which has the advantages of one boring and grinding procedure, high production efficiency, cost saving and capability of meeting the requirement of mass production.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a special machine for finely boring pin holes on a crankshaft comprises a machine body, wherein a shock pad is arranged at the bottom of the machine body, and a hole boring mechanism for driving a cutter to feed for boring and a clamp for pre-positioning, feeding, positioning and clamping the crankshaft are arranged at the upper part of the machine body along the length direction; a hydraulic sliding table is arranged below the boring mechanism, and a saddle on the hydraulic sliding table is fixedly connected with the boring mechanism to drive the boring mechanism to slide so as to complete feeding of a cutter in a boring process; the crankshaft is fixed on the clamp, the center line of a pin hole of the crankshaft is superposed with the axis line of a cutter of the boring mechanism, the bottom of the clamp is provided with a clamp adjusting mechanism for driving the clamp to slide along the direction vertical to the length direction of the lathe bed, and the bottom of the clamp is fixedly connected with the clamp adjusting mechanism; and an adjusting cushion block for adjusting the vertical height of the clamp is arranged between the clamp adjusting mechanism and the upper surface of the lathe bed.
Preferably, the fixture comprises a fixture base, a fixed center assembly and a movable center assembly are arranged on the fixture base, the fixed center assembly comprises a center seat, a center plate and a fixed center, the center plate is fixed on the center seat through a screw, the fixed center is welded in the center of the center plate, and the fixed center is parallel to the length direction of the machine body; the movable center assembly comprises a movable center, an ejector rod and a first oil cylinder, the movable center, the ejector rod and the first oil cylinder are arranged in parallel with the length direction of the lathe bed, the ejector rod is connected with the driving end of the first oil cylinder and the movable center, an ejector rod seat used for movably guiding the ejector rod is arranged on the clamp base, the ejector rod penetrates through the upper part of the ejector rod seat, a bushing is sleeved on the outer ring of the ejector rod, and the bushing and the ejector rod seat are in interference fit; the front end of the movable center corresponds to the fixed center, the rear end of the movable center is designed by Morse taper, the rear end of the movable center is inserted into the ejector rod along the center of the ejector rod, the end part of the ejector rod connected with the movable center is provided with a baffle, a protective sleeve is arranged between the outer ring of the movable center and the ejector rod, and the protective sleeve is matched with the baffle to block cutting fluid.
Preferably, the clamping assembly for clamping and fixing the crank shaft is arranged between the fixed center assembly and the movable center assembly, the clamping assembly comprises a clamping support and clamping press blocks symmetrically arranged at two sides of the axis of the fixed center, the outer side surface of each clamping press block is horizontally provided with a sliding shaft, the clamping support is provided with a guide bushing for sliding of the sliding shaft, the sliding shaft is connected with a swing rod for driving the sliding shaft to slide, the upper end part of the swing rod is positioned in the sliding shaft and is rotationally connected with the sliding shaft, the guide bushing is provided with a swing opening for swinging the swing rod along the sliding direction of the sliding shaft, the middle part of the swing rod is hinged with the clamping support, the bottom of the swing rod penetrates through the swing opening and is connected with a clamping mechanism after penetrating through the guide bushing, and the clamping mechanism drives the swing rod to swing to drive the sliding shaft to slide in the guide bushing to clamp the crankshaft; the clamping mechanism comprises double-thrust oil cylinders, and the driving ends of the double-thrust oil cylinders are respectively and correspondingly connected with a swing rod and hinged with the swing rods.
Preferably, the first oil cylinder comprises a piston rod, an oil cylinder end cover and a cylinder body, one end of the piston rod is located in the cylinder body, the other end of the piston rod penetrates through the oil cylinder end cover and then is connected with the rear end of the ejector rod, and a first limiting sleeve used for limiting the stroke of the oil cylinder is arranged on the piston rod.
Preferably, a feeding assembly for feeding the crankshaft is arranged below the movable center assembly of the clamp, and the crankshaft is pre-positioned and conveyed to a clamping position of the clamp before the crankshaft is clamped; the feeding assembly comprises a feeding oil cylinder, a push rod and a bracket assembly, the push rod is connected with the driving end of the feeding oil cylinder and the bracket assembly, a first sleeve and a second sleeve for the movement guidance of the push rod are arranged on the clamp base, and the first sleeve and the second sleeve are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the push rod;
the bracket assembly comprises a bracket lower body and a bracket upper body, wherein the bracket upper body is fixed on the bracket lower body, a support rod is arranged on the left side of the bracket upper body, a V-shaped block is arranged on the right side of the bracket upper body, a diamond pin for pre-positioning a crankshaft is arranged on the bracket upper body, and the diamond pin is connected with a positioning hole for positioning a pin hole on the crankshaft.
Preferably, the clamp adjusting mechanism comprises a transverse sliding seat, a screw rod, a first saddle and a nut, the clamp is connected with the transverse sliding seat through the first saddle, the screw rod is arranged along the sliding direction of the first saddle, the nut is screwed on the screw rod, and the bottom of the first saddle is fixedly connected with the nut; and the screw rod is rotated, and the nut drives the first saddle to slide.
Preferably, the lateral sliding base of the present invention is provided with a gib for limiting the sliding distance of the first saddle, and a dial indicator for detecting the sliding distance of the first saddle, and the dial indicator is fixed on the lateral sliding base through a gauge stand.
Preferably, the first saddle and the traverse slide are connected through a T-shaped bolt, a bolt hole for the T-shaped bolt to pass through is formed in the first saddle, a strip-shaped groove for the head of the T-shaped bolt to slide is formed in the upper surface of the traverse slide, and the T-shaped bolt is screwed after the first saddle slides in place.
Preferably, one side of the lathe body is provided with a hydraulic component for supplying oil to the lathe and a cooling component for cooling the lathe, the cooling component comprises a water tank, a multi-stage water pump, a filter screen, a magnetic chip cleaner and a chip accumulation trolley, when boring is carried out, the multi-stage water pump pumps water from the water tank to supply the water to a cutter for cooling, and the magnetic chip cleaner and the chip accumulation trolley collect scrap iron in the boring.
Has the advantages that: the special crankshaft fine boring machine for pin holes has the following effects:
1. the invention carries out pre-positioning, feeding, positioning and clamping of the crank shaft through the clamp, the power head of the boring mechanism finishes cutting main movement, the saddle drives the boring mechanism to slide on the hydraulic sliding table to finish circumferential feeding movement, one working cycle finishes finish fine boring and hole end chamfering of the pin hole, and a plurality of groups of clamps and boring mechanisms can be arranged on one hydraulic sliding table to synchronously process the pin hole of the crank shaft, thereby meeting the requirement of mass production while meeting the requirement of processing precision.
2. According to the invention, the clamp adjusting mechanism is arranged below the clamp, the clamp is driven to slide left and right on the transverse sliding table through the matching of the screw rod and the nut, the distance between the power head of the boring mechanism and the center of the long shaft of the crankshaft is adjusted, when various crankshafts with different diameters are replaced, the machine tool can meet the machining requirements, and the adjustment is correspondingly carried out according to the distance between the pin hole and the center of the crankshaft.
3. According to the invention, the two ends of the crankshaft are tightly pressed through the fixed center assembly and the movable center assembly to limit the movement of the crankshaft, the clamping assembly is arranged to clamp the crankshaft, the size of the crankshaft can be correspondingly adjusted as before, the crankshaft is fixed in the pin hole boring process, and the pin hole machining quality is prevented from being influenced by the movement of the crankshaft.
4. The double-thrust oil cylinder pushes the swing rod to drive the sliding shaft to slide, so that the clamping block pressing block fixes the crankshaft, hydraulic pressure is used as power for fixing, pressure is stable, fixing is firm, and the processing quality of pin holes is guaranteed.
5. According to the invention, the first limiting sleeve is arranged on the piston rod of the first oil cylinder, so that the stroke of the first oil cylinder is limited, and the formation of over-limit damage equipment is avoided.
6. According to the clamp, the feeding assembly is arranged below the movable center assembly, the feeding assembly is positioned by the outer edge of the crank shaft and the central hole of the crank end, the circumferential position of the pin hole is limited through the diamond-shaped pin, the crank shaft is prevented from rotating, feeding is performed, the movable center and the fixed center tightly push the crank shaft, the diamond-shaped pin is removed and the pin hole is processed after the crank shaft is clamped by the clamping mechanism, the pin hole is pre-positioned through the diamond-shaped pin, the pin hole is guaranteed to be located at the processing position in the feeding and positioning processes, subsequent boring operation is facilitated, positioning is accurate, re-positioning is not needed, and the processing efficiency and quality are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 3 according to the present invention
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along line B-B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a view of the bracket assembly of the present invention taken along line C of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a view of the clamping mechanism of the present invention taken along line D of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the clamp adjustment mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention taken along line E-E of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the clamp adjustment mechanism of the present invention;
wherein, 1-lathe bed, 2-shock pad, 3-boring mechanism, 4-clamp, 5-hydraulic sliding table, 6-saddle, 7-clamp adjusting mechanism, 8-adjusting cushion block, 9-clamp base, 10-tip seat, 11-tip disk, 12-fixed tip, 13-movable tip, 14-ejector rod, 15-first oil cylinder, 16-ejector rod seat, 17-bush, 18-baffle, 19-protective sleeve, 20-clamping support, 21-clamping pressing block, 22-sliding shaft, 23-guiding bush, 24-oscillating bar, 25-swinging hole, 26-piston rod, 27-oil cylinder end cover, 28-cylinder body, 29-first limiting sleeve, 30-feeding oil cylinder, 31-push rod, 32-first sleeve, 33-second sleeve, 34-bracket lower body, 35-bracket upper body, 36-support rod, 37-V-shaped block, 38-diamond pin, 39-transverse sliding base, 40-screw rod, 41-first saddle, 42-nut, 43-gib, 44-gauge stand, 45-T-shaped bolt, 46-hydraulic component, 47-cooling component, 48-control component, 49-front end cover, 50-rear end cover, 51-oil pipe, 52-gasket, 53-double thrust oil cylinder, 54-positioning pin, 55-protective component, 56-feeding piston rod, 57-second limit sleeve, 58-front sliding bearing and 59-rear sliding bearing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be more clearly and completely described below by way of a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, without thereby limiting the scope of the invention to the described embodiment.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the special crankshaft fine boring pin hole machine provided by the invention comprises a machine body 1, wherein the machine body is integrally cast by grey cast iron, a shock pad 2 is arranged at the bottom of the machine body 1, the upper surface of the machine body is adjusted to be horizontal through the shock pad, a boring mechanism 3 for driving a cutter to feed for boring and a clamp 4 for pre-positioning, feeding, positioning and clamping a crankshaft are arranged at the upper part of the machine body 1 along the length direction, a hydraulic sliding table 5 is arranged below the boring mechanism 3, a saddle 6 on the hydraulic sliding table 5 is fixedly connected with the boring mechanism 3 to drive the boring mechanism to slide, and the feeding of the cutter in a boring process is completed; the crankshaft is fixed on the clamp, the center line of a pin hole of the crankshaft is superposed with the axis line of a cutter of the boring mechanism, the bottom of the clamp 3 is provided with a clamp adjusting mechanism 7 for driving the clamp to slide along the direction vertical to the length direction of the lathe bed, and the bottom of the clamp 4 is fixedly connected with the clamp adjusting mechanism 7; an adjusting cushion block 8 for adjusting the vertical height of the clamp is arranged between the clamp adjusting mechanism 7 and the upper surface of the lathe bed 1, and the adjusting cushion is polished by detection, so that the center of the cutter and the center line of the clamp are equal in height; the number of the boring mechanisms and the number of the clamps are respectively two, the boring mechanisms and the clamps are arranged side by side, and two groups of crankshafts can be machined simultaneously.
The machine tool is characterized in that a hydraulic part 46 for supplying oil to the machine tool and a cooling part 47 for cooling the machine tool are arranged on one side of the machine tool body, the cooling part 47 comprises a water tank, a multi-stage water pump, a filter screen, a magnetic chip cleaner and a chip accumulating trolley, when boring is carried out, the multi-stage water pump extracts water from the water tank and supplies the water to a cutter for cooling, the magnetic chip cleaner and the chip accumulating trolley collect scrap iron of the boring, the machine tool is also provided with a control part 48, the control part 48 adopts a Mitsubishi PLC (programmable logic controller), is electrically connected with the hydraulic part and controls all actions of the machine tool through the hydraulic part, an air gun is further arranged on the machine tool body and is provided with a pneumatic part, the pneumatic part provides power for the air gun to blow off boring chips, and also provides an air source for sealing of a spindle of the boring mechanism; a protective component 55 is arranged outside the machine tool, the protective component is in full-closed protection, and the door is manually opened and closed to prevent iron chips from splashing in the boring process.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the clamp 4 of the present invention includes a clamp base 9, a fixed center assembly and a movable center assembly are arranged on the clamp base 9, the fixed center assembly includes a center seat 10, a center disk 11 and a fixed center 12, the center disk 11 is fixed on the center seat 10 through a screw, the fixed center 12 is welded at the center of the center disk 11, and the fixed center 12 is parallel to the length direction of the machine body; the movable center assembly comprises a movable center 13, a top rod 14 and a first oil cylinder 15 which are arranged in parallel with the length direction of the lathe bed, the top rod 14 is connected with the driving end of the first oil cylinder 15 and the movable center 13, a top rod seat 16 for movably guiding the top rod 14 is arranged on the clamp base 9, the top rod 14 penetrates through the upper part of the top rod seat 16, a bushing 17 is sleeved on the outer ring of the top rod 14, and the bushing 18 is in interference fit with the top rod seat 16; the front end of the movable centre 13 corresponds to the fixed centre 12, the rear end of the movable centre 13 is designed by Morse taper, the rear end of the movable centre 13 is inserted into the ejector rod along the center of the ejector rod, 5 degrees of freedom of the crankshaft are limited by the movable centre and the fixed centre, the central line of the crankshaft is parallel to the axis of the boring mechanism cutter, and the pin hole corresponds to the cutter.
The end part of the ejector rod 14 connected with the movable center 13 is provided with a baffle 18, a protective sleeve 19 is arranged between the outer ring of the movable center and the ejector rod 14, and the protective sleeve 19 is matched with the baffle 18 to block cutting fluid; the first oil cylinder 15 comprises a piston rod 26, an oil cylinder end cover 27 and a cylinder body 28, one end of the piston rod 26 is positioned in the cylinder body 28, the other end of the piston rod passes through the oil cylinder end cover 27 and then is connected with the rear end of the ejector rod 14, and the rear end of the ejector rod is connected with the end part of the piston rod through a connecting screw and a nut; a first limiting sleeve 29 for limiting the stroke of the oil cylinder is arranged on the piston rod 26, the movable stroke of the first oil cylinder is limited through the first limiting sleeve 29, the phenomenon that the production is influenced or the equipment is damaged due to overrun is avoided, and the bottom of the first oil cylinder is fixed on a clamp base through an oil cylinder support.
The invention is provided with a front end cover 49 and a rear end cover 50 for preventing the bush from being detached at two ends of the bush 17, and the front end cover 49 and the rear end cover 50 are fixed with the ejector rod seat 16 through bolts.
As shown in fig. 4 and 6, the feeding assembly for feeding the crankshaft is arranged below the movable center assembly of the clamp, and the crankshaft is pre-positioned and conveyed to the clamping position of the clamp before the crankshaft is clamped; the feeding assembly comprises a feeding oil cylinder 30, a push rod 31 and a bracket assembly, the push rod 31 is connected with the driving end of the feeding oil cylinder 30 and the bracket assembly, a first sleeve 32 and a second sleeve 33 which are used for moving and guiding the push rod 31 are arranged on the clamp base 9, the first sleeve 32 and the second sleeve 33 are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the push rod, the feeding oil cylinder 30 comprises a feeding piston rod 56, the feeding piston rod 56 is connected with the rear end of the push rod 31, and a second limiting sleeve 57 is arranged on the feeding piston rod;
the bracket assembly comprises a bracket lower body 34 and a bracket upper body 35, the bracket upper body 35 is fixed on the bracket lower body, a supporting rod 36 is arranged on the left side of the bracket upper body 35, a V-shaped block 37 is arranged on the right side of the bracket upper body 35, a diamond pin 38 for pre-positioning a crank shaft is arranged on the bracket upper body 35, and the diamond pin 38 is connected with a positioning hole for positioning a pin hole on the crank shaft; the pre-positioning of the pin holes in the crank shaft is carried out through the diamond-shaped pins 38, then the two ends of the crank shaft are tightly pushed through the clamp, the fixing of the crank shaft is completed, the positions of the pin holes are uniform, and the boring mechanisms are convenient to uniform.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, a clamping assembly for clamping and fixing the crank shaft is arranged between the fixed center assembly and the movable center assembly, the clamping assembly comprises a clamping support 20 and clamping press blocks 21 symmetrically arranged on two sides of an axis where the fixed center is located, a sliding shaft 22 is horizontally arranged on the outer side surface of each clamping press block 21, a guide bushing 23 for sliding the sliding shaft is arranged on the clamping support 20, a swing rod 24 for driving the sliding shaft to slide is connected on the sliding shaft 22, the upper end part of the swing rod 24 is located in the sliding shaft 22 and is rotatably connected with the sliding shaft, a swing opening 25 for swinging the swing rod 24 along the sliding direction of the sliding shaft is arranged on the guide bushing 23, the middle part of the swing rod 24 is hinged with the clamping support 20, the bottom part of the swing rod 24 penetrates through the swing opening and then penetrates through the guide bushing, and is connected with a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism drives the swing rod to swing to drive the sliding shaft to slide in the guide bushing, clamping a crankshaft; the clamping mechanism comprises a double-thrust oil cylinder 53, the driving ends of the double-thrust oil cylinder 53 are respectively and correspondingly connected with a swing rod and hinged with the swing rods, the swing rods are pushed through the double-thrust oil cylinders, the upper ends of the swing rods 24 drive the sliding shafts 22 to slide in the guide bushings, and the clamping pressing blocks 21 are driven to press the outer circle of the crankshaft for positioning; an oil pipe 51 for oil supply and oil discharge is connected to the cylinder body of the double-thrust oil cylinder 53, a gasket 52 is arranged at the connecting end of the oil pipe 21 on the cylinder body, and the gasket 52 is made of red copper.
In order to facilitate a machine tool to process crankshafts of different types and sizes, the adjustment of the center distance between a pin hole and the crankshaft is adapted, the sliding position of the clamp 4 is adjusted through the clamp adjusting mechanism 7, and then the center of the crankshaft and a power head of a boring mechanism deviate, so that the pin hole is always aligned with the power head, and the processing can be conveniently carried out.
As shown in fig. 8, 9 and 10, the jig adjusting mechanism 7 of the present invention includes a traverse slide 39, a screw 40, a first saddle 41 and a nut 42, the jig 4 is connected to the traverse slide 39 via the first saddle 41, and the jig is connected to the upper surface of the first saddle 41 via a positioning pin 54, so that the removal and replacement of the jig can be performed at a boundary; the screw rod 40 is arranged along the sliding direction of the first saddle 41, and a front sliding bearing 58 and a rear sliding bearing 59 are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the screw rod 40; the nut 42 is screwed on the screw rod 40, and the bottom of the first saddle 41 is fixedly connected with the nut 42; the screw rod 40 is rotated, and the nut drives the first saddle 41 to slide; the first saddle 41 is connected with the transverse sliding seat 39 through a T-shaped bolt 45, a bolt hole for the T-shaped bolt 45 to pass through is formed in the first saddle 41, a strip-shaped groove for the head of the T-shaped bolt to slide is formed in the upper surface of the transverse sliding seat 39, and the T-shaped bolt is screwed after the first saddle slides in place; in order to ensure the adjustment precision and the safety of the equipment, the transverse sliding seat 39 is provided with a panel 43 for limiting the sliding distance of the first saddle 41 and a dial indicator for detecting the sliding distance of the first saddle 41, the dial indicator is fixed on the transverse sliding seat 39 through a gauge stand 44, the accuracy degree of adjustment is ensured through the dial indicator, the panel can avoid the over-limit of adjustment, and the overturning or mutual collision of the clamp is avoided.
When the crankshaft support device is used, a crankshaft is placed on the bracket assembly, the outer circle of the crankshaft is supported by the V-shaped block 31, and the crankshaft is connected with the positioning holes of the pin holes through the diamond pins 38 on the bracket upper body 35, so that the position fixation of the pin holes is ensured; the feeding oil cylinder 30 pushes the bracket component to feed the crankshaft through the push rod 31, and after the crankshaft is pushed to the proper position, the first oil cylinder 15 pushes the movable center 13 to move towards the position of the fixed center 12 through the ejector rod 14 until the fixed center and the movable center tightly push two ends of the crankshaft, then the double-thrust oil cylinder 53 is started to drive the clamping pressing block 21 to clamp the outer circle of the crankshaft to complete the fixation of the crankshaft, then the diamond-shaped pin 38 is removed, the boring mechanism 3 is started to process the positioning hole of the pin hole, in the machining process, the boring mechanism 3 slides on the hydraulic sliding table 5 through the saddle 6, the axial feed in the boring process is kept until the pin hole boring and the hole end chamfering of the crank shaft are completed, then, moving the machined crankshaft out of the machine tool according to the sequence opposite to the clamping process, repeating the process again, and machining the next group of crankshafts; the two groups of clamps and the boring mechanism can simultaneously process, clamp two crank shafts at one time, have the production tact less than or equal to 35 seconds per 2 crank shafts, and have the boring precision and the roughness meeting the grinding requirement. The high-precision machining requirements of the parts with high efficiency are met, and the method is suitable for mass production.
When the type of the crankshaft needs to be changed, the T-shaped bolt 45 is loosened according to the size of the pin hole and the center distance of the crankshaft, the clamp is driven to slide on the transverse sliding seat 39 through the lead screw 40, the moving precision is controlled through the dial indicator, the T-shaped bolt 45 is screwed after the crankshaft is moved in place, the clamp is adjusted, and the changed crankshaft can be machined again.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The special machine for finely boring the pin hole on the crank shaft is characterized by comprising a machine body (1), wherein a shock pad (2) is arranged at the bottom of the machine body (1), and a boring mechanism (3) for driving a cutter to feed for boring and a clamp (4) for pre-positioning, feeding, positioning and clamping the crank shaft are arranged at the upper part of the machine body (1) along the length direction; a hydraulic sliding table (5) is arranged below the boring mechanism (3), and a saddle (6) on the hydraulic sliding table (5) is fixedly connected with the boring mechanism (3) to drive the boring mechanism to slide so as to complete feeding of a cutter in the boring process; the crankshaft is fixed on a clamp, the central line of a pin hole of the crankshaft is superposed with the axial line of a cutter of a boring mechanism, the bottom of the clamp (3) is provided with a clamp adjusting mechanism (7) for driving the clamp to slide along the direction vertical to the length direction of the lathe bed, and the bottom of the clamp (4) is fixedly connected with the clamp adjusting mechanism (7); an adjusting cushion block (8) for adjusting the vertical height of the clamp is arranged between the clamp adjusting mechanism (7) and the upper surface of the lathe bed (1).
2. The special crankshaft fine boring machine for the pin holes is characterized in that the clamp (4) comprises a clamp base (9), a fixed center assembly and a movable center assembly are arranged on the clamp base (9), the fixed center assembly comprises a center seat (10), a center disc (11) and a fixed center (12), the center disc (11) is fixed on the center seat (10) through screws, the fixed center (12) is welded at the center of the center disc (11), and the fixed center (12) is parallel to the length direction of the machine body; the movable center assembly comprises a movable center (13) arranged in parallel with the length direction of the lathe bed, a push rod (14) and a first oil cylinder (15), the push rod (14) is connected with the driving end of the first oil cylinder (15) and the movable center (13), a push rod seat (16) used for movably guiding the push rod (14) is arranged on the clamp base (9), the push rod (14) penetrates through the upper part of the push rod seat (16), a bushing (17) is sleeved on the outer ring of the push rod (14), and the bushing (18) is in interference fit with the push rod seat (16); the front end of the movable center (13) corresponds to the fixed center (12), the rear end of the movable center (13) is designed by adopting Morse taper, the rear end of the movable center (13) is inserted into the ejector rod along the center of the ejector rod, the end part of the ejector rod (14) connected with the movable center (13) is provided with a baffle (18), a protective sleeve (19) is arranged between the outer ring of the movable center and the ejector rod (14), and the protective sleeve (19) is matched with the baffle (18) to block cutting fluid.
3. The special machine for finely boring the pin hole on the crank shaft according to claim 2, wherein a clamping assembly for clamping and fixing the crank shaft is arranged between the fixed center assembly and the movable center assembly, the clamping assembly comprises a clamping support (20) and clamping press blocks (21) symmetrically arranged on two sides of the axis where the fixed center is located, a sliding shaft (22) is horizontally arranged on the outer side surface of each clamping press block (21), a guide bushing (23) for the sliding shaft to slide is arranged on the clamping support (20), a swing rod (24) for driving the sliding shaft to slide is connected to the sliding shaft (22), the upper end of the swing rod (24) is positioned in the sliding shaft (22) and is rotatably connected with the sliding shaft, a swing opening (25) for the swing rod (24) to swing along the sliding direction of the sliding shaft is formed in the guide bushing (23), and the middle part of the swing rod (24) is hinged to the clamping support (20), the bottom of the swing rod (24) penetrates through the guide bushing from the swing opening and then is connected with a clamping mechanism, and the clamping mechanism drives the swing rod to swing and drives the sliding shaft to slide in the guide bushing to clamp the crankshaft; the clamping mechanism comprises double-thrust oil cylinders (53), and the driving ends of the double-thrust oil cylinders (53) are respectively and correspondingly connected with a swing rod and hinged with the swing rods.
4. The special crankshaft fine boring machine for the pin holes according to claim 2, wherein the first oil cylinder (15) comprises a piston rod (26), an oil cylinder end cover (27) and a cylinder body (28), one end of the piston rod (26) is located in the cylinder body (28), the other end of the piston rod penetrates through the oil cylinder end cover (27) and then is connected with the rear end of the ejector rod (14), and a first limiting sleeve (29) used for limiting the stroke of the oil cylinder is arranged on the piston rod (26).
5. The special crankshaft fine boring machine for the pin holes according to claim 2, wherein the clamp is provided with a feeding assembly for feeding the crankshaft below the movable center assembly, and the crankshaft is pre-positioned and conveyed to a clamping position of the clamp before clamping the crankshaft; the feeding assembly comprises a feeding oil cylinder (30), a push rod (31) and a bracket assembly, the push rod (31) is connected with the driving end of the feeding oil cylinder (30) and the bracket assembly, a first sleeve (32) and a second sleeve (33) which are used for moving and guiding the push rod (31) are arranged on the clamp base (9), and the first sleeve (32) and the second sleeve (33) are sequentially arranged along the length direction of the push rod;
the bracket assembly comprises a bracket lower body (34) and a bracket upper body (35), the bracket upper body (35) is fixed on the bracket lower body, a supporting rod (36) is arranged on the left side of the bracket upper body (35), a V-shaped block (37) is arranged on the right side of the bracket upper body (35), a diamond pin (38) used for pre-positioning a crank shaft is arranged on the bracket upper body (35), and the diamond pin (38) is connected with a positioning hole used for pin hole positioning on the crank shaft.
6. The special crankshaft fine boring machine for the pin holes is characterized in that the clamp adjusting mechanism (7) comprises a transverse sliding seat (39), a screw rod (40), a first sliding saddle (41) and a nut (42), the clamp (4) is connected with the transverse sliding seat (39) through the first sliding saddle (41), the screw rod (40) is arranged along the sliding direction of the first sliding saddle (41), the nut (42) is screwed on the screw rod (40), and the bottom of the first sliding saddle (41) is fixedly connected with the nut (42); the screw rod (40) is rotated, and the nut drives the first saddle (41) to slide.
7. The special crankshaft fine boring machine for pin holes is characterized in that a gib (43) used for limiting the sliding distance of the first saddle (41) and a dial indicator used for detecting the sliding distance of the first saddle (41) are arranged on the transverse sliding seat (39), and the dial indicator is fixed on the transverse sliding seat (39) through a gauge stand (44).
8. The crankshaft fine boring pin hole special machine as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first saddle (41) is connected with the traverse slide (39) through a T-shaped bolt (45), a bolt hole for the T-shaped bolt (45) to pass through is formed in the first saddle (41), a strip-shaped groove for the head of the T-shaped bolt to slide is formed in the upper surface of the traverse slide (39), and the T-shaped bolt is screwed after the first saddle slides to a proper position.
9. The special machine for finely boring the pin hole of the crank shaft according to claim 1, wherein a hydraulic part (46) for supplying oil to the machine tool and a cooling part (47) for cooling the machine tool are arranged on one side of the machine tool, the cooling part (47) comprises a water tank, a multi-stage water pump, a filter screen, a magnetic chip remover and a chip accumulation trolley, when boring is carried out, the water in the water tank is pumped by the multi-stage water pump to be supplied to a cutter for cooling, and the magnetic chip remover and the chip accumulation trolley collect scrap iron in the boring.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110763608.XA CN113458430B (en) | 2021-07-06 | 2021-07-06 | Special machine for finely boring pin holes on crank shaft |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110763608.XA CN113458430B (en) | 2021-07-06 | 2021-07-06 | Special machine for finely boring pin holes on crank shaft |
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| CN113458430B CN113458430B (en) | 2022-05-03 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114473588A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-13 | 南京工程学院 | Crankshaft drilling method and special drilling machine tool |
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| GB266417A (en) * | 1925-10-28 | 1927-02-28 | John William Bradley | A machine for the boring, facing, radiusing and oil grooving of connecting rods andmain bearings and the like |
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| CN114473588A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-05-13 | 南京工程学院 | Crankshaft drilling method and special drilling machine tool |
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|---|---|
| CN113458430B (en) | 2022-05-03 |
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