CN113454833A - Electrochemical device and electronic device - Google Patents

Electrochemical device and electronic device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113454833A
CN113454833A CN202080015246.XA CN202080015246A CN113454833A CN 113454833 A CN113454833 A CN 113454833A CN 202080015246 A CN202080015246 A CN 202080015246A CN 113454833 A CN113454833 A CN 113454833A
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China
Prior art keywords
packaging shell
electrode
electrochemical
positive
positive electrode
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Application number
CN202080015246.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
丁宇
严坤
梁迎春
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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Publication of CN113454833A publication Critical patent/CN113454833A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/103—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/107—Primary casings, jackets or wrappings of a single cell or a single battery characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
    • H01M50/503—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/54—Connection of several leads or tabs of plate-like electrode stacks, e.g. electrode pole straps or bridges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The application provides an electrochemical device and an electronic device. The electrochemical device includes: the first electrochemical monomer comprises a first packaging shell, a first electrode assembly and a first electrolyte, wherein the first electrode assembly is positioned in the first packaging shell, the first electrolyte is filled in the first packaging shell, and the first electrode assembly comprises a first positive electrode lug and a first negative electrode lug which extend out of the first packaging shell; the second electrochemical monomer comprises a second packaging shell, a second electrode assembly and second electrolyte, wherein the second electrode assembly is positioned in the second packaging shell, the second electrolyte is filled in the second packaging shell, the second electrode assembly comprises a second positive electrode lug and a second negative electrode lug which extend out of the second packaging shell, and the second negative electrode lug and the first positive electrode lug are oppositely arranged; and the separator is arranged between the first electrochemical monomer and the second electrochemical monomer, the separator comprises an isolation pad, the first packaging shell and the second packaging shell are respectively and fixedly connected with the isolation pad, and the first positive electrode lug is electrically connected with the second negative electrode lug.

Description

Electrochemical device and electronic device
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to electrochemical technologies, and particularly to an electrochemical device and an electronic device.
Background
A lithium ion battery, which is an electrochemical device, mainly operates by movement of lithium ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Lithium ion batteries are used as clean power and clean electric power sources, have increasingly prominent status and universality in new energy industry, and are widely applied to various electronic products such as mobile terminals, electric tools, electric vehicles and the like.
At present, with the increasing demand of power consumption of electronic products, higher requirements are also put forward on the discharge power of lithium ion batteries. However, at higher discharge powers, the heat production of lithium ion batteries is generally also higher.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided an electrochemical device including:
the first electrochemical monomer comprises a first packaging shell, a first electrode assembly and a first electrolyte, wherein the first electrode assembly is positioned in the first packaging shell, the first electrolyte is filled in the first packaging shell, and the first electrode assembly comprises a first positive electrode lug and a first negative electrode lug which extend out of the first packaging shell;
the second electrochemical monomer comprises a second packaging shell, a second electrode assembly and second electrolyte, wherein the second electrode assembly is positioned in the second packaging shell, the second electrolyte is filled in the second packaging shell, the second electrode assembly comprises a second positive electrode lug and a second negative electrode lug which extend out of the second packaging shell, and the second negative electrode lug and the first positive electrode lug are oppositely arranged; and
the separator is arranged between the first electrochemical monomer and the second electrochemical monomer and comprises an isolating pad, the first packaging shell and the second packaging shell are fixedly connected with the isolating pad respectively, and the first positive pole lug and the second negative pole lug are electrically connected.
In some embodiments, the separator further comprises an electrical conductor disposed within the separator pad, and the first positive tab and the second negative tab are each electrically connected to the electrical conductor.
In some embodiments, the isolation pad is provided with a through hole, the first positive electrode tab is directly electrically connected with the second negative electrode tab, and the connection position is located in the through hole.
In some embodiments, the first package casing and the second package casing are respectively welded with the isolation pad.
In some embodiments, the first positive tab and the second negative tab are each welded to the electrical conductor.
In some embodiments, the first electrochemical cell, the separator, and the second electrochemical cell are cylindrical, prismatic, or elliptical-cylindrical, and the electrical conductor is cylindrical, prismatic, or elliptical-cylindrical.
In some embodiments, the material of the insulating mat comprises at least one of plastic virgin rubber, para-hydroxybenzoic acid, modified polypropylene, polyester and polyvinyl chloride.
In some embodiments, the material of the electrical conductor comprises at least one of copper, nickel, and a copper-nickel alloy.
In some embodiments, the first positive tab comprises a first positive inner tab portion located within the first encapsulant shell, and a first positive adapter tab portion welded to the first positive inner tab portion and extending out of the first encapsulant shell;
the first negative electrode tab comprises a first negative electrode inner electrode lug part and a first negative electrode switching electrode lug part, wherein the first negative electrode inner electrode lug part is positioned in the first packaging shell, and the first negative electrode switching electrode lug part is welded with the first negative electrode inner electrode lug part and extends out of the first packaging shell;
the second positive electrode lug comprises a second positive electrode inner electrode lug part positioned in the second packaging shell and a second positive electrode adapter electrode lug part welded with the second positive electrode inner electrode lug part and extending out of the second packaging shell;
second negative pole utmost point ear including being located utmost point ear in the second negative pole in the second enclosure, and with utmost point ear welds and stretches out in the second negative pole switching utmost point ear of second enclosure, second negative pole switching utmost point ear with first positive switching utmost point ear respectively with the electric conductor welding.
In some embodiments, the first cathode inner pole ear portion, the first anode inner pole ear portion, the second cathode inner pole ear portion, and the second anode inner pole ear portion each have a full tab structure.
In some embodiments, the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly are each a wound electrode assembly;
anodal ear in the first positive pole extremely ear in the first negative pole extremely ear in the second positive pole extremely ear with extremely ear is flat through rubbing the flat processing respectively in the second negative pole.
In some embodiments, the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly are each laminated electrode assemblies.
In some embodiments, the first electrochemical cell further comprises: the first packaging shell is provided with a first positive pole tab glue and a first negative pole tab glue, wherein the first positive pole tab glue is used for connecting the first positive pole tab with the first packaging shell in a sealing way;
the second electrochemical cell further comprises: and the second positive electrode tab glue is used for connecting the second positive electrode tab with the second packaging shell in a sealing manner, and the second negative electrode tab glue is used for connecting the second negative electrode tab with the second packaging shell in a sealing manner.
In some embodiments, the nominal voltage and the rated capacity of the first electrochemical cell and the second electrochemical cell are the same.
In some embodiments, the first electrochemical cell and the second electrochemical cell are the same physical dimension.
In some embodiments, the material of the first and second enclosures comprises a polymer composite film.
In some embodiments, the material of the first and second enclosures comprises at least one of parahydroxybenzoic acid, polyvinyl chloride, and plastic virgin rubber.
In some embodiments, the electrochemical device further comprises:
and a third packaging case which packages the first electrochemical cell, the separator and the second electrochemical cell and exposes the first negative electrode tab and the second positive electrode tab.
According to another aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided an electronic device including the electrochemical device of any one of the foregoing embodiments.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the related art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present application or the related art are briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochemical device according to some embodiments of the present application, taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a coiled electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a laminated electrode assembly according to some embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a laminated electrode assembly in accordance with certain embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an electrochemical device according to further embodiments of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of an electrochemical device according to still further embodiments of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments.
As an electrochemical device, the lithium ion battery has the following basic working principle: lithium ions move between the anode and the cathode by taking the electrolyte as a medium, so that the charging and discharging of the lithium ion battery can be realized. When the lithium ion battery is charged, lithium ions are extracted from the crystal lattice of the anode material and inserted into the crystal lattice of the cathode material after passing through the electrolyte, so that the cathode is rich in lithium and the anode is poor in lithium; when the lithium ion battery discharges, lithium ions are extracted from the crystal lattice of the negative electrode material and inserted into the crystal lattice of the positive electrode material after passing through the electrolyte, so that the positive electrode is rich in lithium and the negative electrode is poor in lithium.
At present, with the increasing demand for power of electronic device products, higher requirements are also put forward on the discharge power of lithium ion batteries. However, under a larger discharge power, the heat generation of the lithium ion battery is generally larger, and a thermal runaway safety hazard exists.
The embodiment of the application provides an electrochemical device and an electronic device comprising the electrochemical device, wherein the electrochemical device generates less heat during high-power discharge and has higher discharge safety.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, some embodiments of the present application provide an electrochemical device 100 including:
the first electrochemical cell 1A comprises a first packaging shell 11A, a first electrode assembly 12A located in the first packaging shell 11A, and a first electrolyte 13A filled in the first packaging shell 11A, wherein the first electrode assembly 12A comprises a first positive electrode tab 14Aa and a first negative electrode tab 14Ab extending out of the first packaging shell 11A;
the second electrochemical cell 1B comprises a second packaging shell 11B, a second electrode assembly 12B located in the second packaging shell 11B, and a second electrolyte 13B filled in the second packaging shell 11B, wherein the second electrode assembly 12B comprises a second positive electrode tab 14Ba and a second negative electrode tab 14Bb extending out of the second packaging shell 11B, and the second negative electrode tab 14Bb is arranged opposite to the first positive electrode tab 14 Aa; and
the separator 5 is disposed between the first electrochemical cell 1A and the second electrochemical cell 1B, the separator 5 includes an isolation pad 51, the first packaging shell 11A and the second packaging shell 11B are respectively connected to the isolation pad 51, and the first positive electrode tab 14Aa and the second negative electrode tab 14Bb are electrically connected.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2 of the present application, the electrochemical device 100 includes two electrochemical cells, i.e., the first electrochemical cell 1A and the second electrochemical cell 1B, and includes one separator 5. In some other embodiments of the present application, the electrochemical device may also include three or more electrochemical cells, for example, a first electrochemical cell, a second electrochemical cell, a third electrochemical cell … …, and so on, which are arranged in a row, and a separator of the above structure is disposed between any two adjacent electrochemical cells, so as to connect a certain number of electrochemical cells in series.
The following examples illustrate electrochemical devices comprising two electrochemical cells.
In some embodiments of the present application, the first package shell 11A and the second package shell 11B are respectively welded to the isolation pad 51, for example, by an ultrasonic welding process.
In some embodiments, the separator 5 further includes an electrical conductor 52 disposed within the separator pad 51, and the first positive electrode tab 14Aa and the second negative electrode tab 14Bb are electrically connected to the electrical conductor 52, respectively. The first cathode tab 14Aa and the second anode tab 14Bb may be respectively welded to the electric conductor 52, for example, by a laser welding process, to achieve electric connection.
In other embodiments of the present application, the first package shell 11A and the second package shell 11B may also be respectively and hermetically bonded to the isolation pad 51 by an insulating sealant, so as to achieve a fixed connection.
In still other embodiments of the present application, since the first and second packaging cases 11A and 11B are fixedly connected to the isolation pad 51, respectively, the first and second positive electrode tabs 14Aa and 14Bb may be designed to elastically abut against both ends of the electrical conductor 52, respectively, so as to be electrically connected.
In still other embodiments of the present application, the separator 5 may include only the separator pad 51. The spacer 51 is provided with a through hole, and the first positive electrode tab 14Aa and the second negative electrode tab 14Bb are directly and electrically connected, and the joint is located in the through hole.
The first electrode assembly 12A and the second electrode assembly 12B in the embodiment of the present application may be a wound electrode assembly, respectively.
As shown in fig. 3, a conventional jelly-roll type electrode assembly includes: the positive electrode tab 121a and the negative electrode tab 121b are wound after lamination, the separator 123 is located between the positive electrode tab 121a and the negative electrode tab 121b, the positive electrode tab 14a is connected to the positive electrode tab 121a, and the negative electrode tab 14b is connected to the negative electrode tab 121 b. The main structure of the positive electrode tab 121a and the negative electrode tab 121b of the wound electrode assembly includes a current collector and an active material layer on the surface of the current collector. Taking the positive electrode sheet 121a as an example, the current collector thereof has a void foil region, i.e., a region not covered with the active material layer, at one edge in the winding direction. The structure of the negative electrode plate 121b is similar to that of the positive electrode plate 121a, but the materials used are different, and details are described in the following preparation examples of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate.
Depending on the manner in which the wound electrode assembly is wound, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a portion of the separator 123 serves as the outermost layer of the wound electrode assembly, i.e., is exposed to the peripheral side surface of the wound electrode assembly. In another embodiment, a portion of the pole piece (e.g., the positive pole piece 121a or the negative pole piece 121b) may be the outermost layer of the wound electrode assembly. In yet another embodiment, a portion of the separator 123 and a portion of a pole piece (e.g., the positive pole piece 121a or the negative pole piece 121b) may be used together as the outermost layer of the wound electrode assembly. When a portion of a pole piece (e.g., the positive pole piece 121a or the negative pole piece 121b) is the outermost layer of the wound electrode assembly, the corresponding area of its current collector may be coated with an active material on both side surfaces or only on the inside surface.
In the electrode assembly, the positive electrode tab 121a and the positive electrode tab 14a serve as a positive electrode of the electrochemical cell, and the negative electrode tab 121b and the negative electrode tab 14b serve as a negative electrode of the electrochemical cell. After the electrochemical cell is formed, the positive electrode tab 121a and the negative electrode tab 121b are immersed in the electrolyte and spaced apart by the separator 123. The separator 123 functions to allow lithium ions to pass freely without allowing electrons to pass, thereby preventing a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode through the electrolyte.
As shown in fig. 2, the first electrode assembly 12A is wound, and the first positive electrode tab 14Aa includes a first positive electrode inner electrode tab portion 141Aa located inside the first packaging case 11A, and a first positive electrode transition electrode tab portion 142Aa welded to the first positive electrode inner electrode tab portion 141Aa and extending out of the first packaging case 11A; the first negative electrode tab 14Ab includes a first negative electrode inner electrode tab portion 141Ab located inside the first packaging case 11A, and a first negative electrode adapter electrode tab portion 142Ab welded to the first negative electrode inner electrode tab portion 141Ab and extending out of the first packaging case 11A. Similarly, in the rolled second electrode assembly 12B, the second positive electrode tab 14Ba includes a second positive electrode inner electrode tab portion 141Ba located in the second packaging case 11B, and a second positive electrode relay electrode tab portion 142Ba welded to the second positive electrode inner electrode tab portion 141Ba and extending out of the second packaging case 11B; the second negative electrode tab 14Bb includes a second negative electrode inner tab portion 141Bb disposed in the second packaging case 11B, and a second negative electrode adapting tab portion 142Bb welded to the second negative electrode inner tab portion 141Bb and extending out of the second packaging case 11B. The second negative electrode tab portion 142Bb and the first positive electrode tab portion 142Aa are welded to both sides of the conductor 52, respectively.
The first positive electrode adapter tab 142Aa and the first positive electrode inner tab 141Aa, the first negative electrode adapter tab 142Ab and the first negative electrode inner tab 141Ab, the second positive electrode adapter tab 142Ba and the second positive electrode inner tab 141Ba, the second negative electrode adapter tab 142Bb and the second negative electrode inner tab 141Bb, the second negative electrode adapter tab 142Bb and the first positive electrode adapter tab 142Aa, and the conductor 52 may be welded by a laser welding process.
In this embodiment, the first cathode inner pole ear portion 141Aa, the first anode inner pole ear portion 141Ab, the second cathode inner pole ear portion 141Ba, and the second anode inner pole ear portion 141Bb respectively have a full tab structure formed by winding an empty foil area continuously extending in a band shape along one edge in the current collector winding direction of the pole piece. When the electrode assembly is assembled, after the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator are stacked and wound in the above-described manner, it is necessary to perform a flattening process on each of the wound inner pole ear portions to reduce the dimension thereof in the axial direction so as to finally take a flat shape. As shown in fig. 2, the first positive electrode tab portion 141Aa, the first negative electrode tab portion 141Ab, the second positive electrode tab portion 141Ba, and the second negative electrode tab portion 141Bb are finally flat.
In other embodiments of the present application, the first positive electrode tab portion, the first negative electrode tab portion, the second positive electrode tab portion, and the second negative electrode tab portion may also include a plurality of sheet-like units arranged at intervals, and the sheet-like units are finally flattened after being wound and flattened.
For the winding type electrode assembly, the inner pole ear part is arranged in the packaging shell, and the switching pole ear part extends out of the packaging shell and is used for being connected with the circuit structure of the adjacent electrochemical monomer or the electronic device in series. Due to the design, the pole piece can be conveniently processed and manufactured, and the pole lugs can be conveniently led out of the packaging shell.
The first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly in the embodiments of the present application may also be laminated electrode assemblies. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the stacked electrode assembly includes a plurality of positive electrode tabs 121a and a plurality of negative electrode tabs 121b that are alternately stacked, separators 123 that are disposed correspondingly between any adjacent positive electrode tabs 121a and negative electrode tabs 121b, positive electrode tabs 14a that connect the respective positive electrode tabs 121a, and negative electrode tabs 14b that connect the respective negative electrode tabs 121 b. The pole piece (such as the positive pole piece 121a or the negative pole piece 121b) of the stacked electrode assembly is planar, and the structure thereof is similar to the pole piece structure of the wound electrode assembly, and the description thereof is not repeated.
Depending on the manner in which the stacked electrode assembly is stacked, in one embodiment, one of the positive electrode tabs 121a and one of the negative electrode tabs 121b are respectively provided as a surface layer of the stacked electrode assembly, as shown in fig. 5. In another embodiment, two separators 123 may be respectively used as the surface layers of the stacked electrode assembly. In yet another embodiment, the separator 123 may be one of the surface layers of the stacked electrode assembly, and the positive electrode tab 121a or the negative electrode tab 121b may be the other surface layer of the stacked electrode assembly. When the positive electrode tab 121a or the negative electrode tab 121b serves as a surface layer of the stacked electrode assembly, the corresponding region of the current collector thereof may be coated with an active material on both side surfaces or only on the inner side surface.
The laminated electrode assembly may have a tab similar to the tab of the wound electrode assembly, for example, a full tab structure and a flattening process, or may be led out through an L-shaped tab.
As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments, the first electrochemical cell 1A further comprises: a first positive electrode tab adhesive 144Aa for hermetically connecting the first positive electrode tab 14Aa to the first package case 11A, and a first negative electrode tab adhesive 144Ab for hermetically connecting the first negative electrode tab 14Ab to the first package case 11A; the second electrochemical cell 1B further comprises: a second positive electrode tab glue 144Ba for hermetically connecting the second positive electrode tab 14Ba with the second package casing 11B, and a second negative electrode tab glue 144Bb for hermetically connecting the second negative electrode tab 14Bb with the second package casing 11B. The sealing connection mode is, for example, the pole piece and the packaging shell are sealed and bonded together through a hot melting process, on one hand, short circuit between the pole piece and the outside of the packaging shell can be prevented, on the other hand, the sealing effect can be achieved, and electrolyte leakage is prevented.
In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the first electrochemical cell 1A, the second electrochemical cell 1B, and the separator 5 have a cylindrical shape. In other embodiments of the present application, the first electrochemical cell, the second electrochemical cell, and the separator may also be prismatic. For example, as shown in fig. 6, the first electrochemical cell 1A, the second electrochemical cell 1B and the separator 5 have a rectangular shape, and the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly inside are respectively wound electrode assemblies or respectively stacked electrode assemblies. In still other embodiments of the present application, the first electrochemical cell, the second electrochemical cell, and the separator are elliptical cylinders.
In still other embodiments of the present application, the separator 5 may not conform to the outer peripheral shape of the electrochemical cells 1, for example, the first electrochemical cell 1A and the second electrochemical cell 1B are each cylindrical and have the same sectional radius, while the separator has a regular hexagonal prism shape and has a sectional inscribed circle having a radius not smaller than the sectional radius of the cylinder. The shape of the conductor 52 of the separator 5 is not limited, and may be, for example, a cylindrical shape, a prismatic shape, or an elliptic cylindrical shape, or the like.
In some embodiments of the present application, the material of the insulation pad 51 includes at least one of plastic virgin rubber (LCP), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), modified polypropylene (PP), Polyester (PET), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The material of the conductive body 52 includes at least one of copper, nickel, and a copper-nickel alloy. The material of the first positive electrode tab portion 142Aa and the second positive electrode tab portion 142Ba includes aluminum; the material of the first and second negative adapter pole ears 142Ab, 142Bb includes nickel or copper plated nickel.
As shown in fig. 1, in some embodiments of the present application, a first enclosure 11A and a second enclosure 11B serve as a watch case for electrochemical device 100. In some embodiments, the material of the first and second enclosures 11A, 11B comprises a polymer composite film, for example comprising at least one of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and plastic virgin rubber (LCP). In other embodiments, the material of the first and second packaging cases 11A and 11B includes an aluminum-plastic composite film having a structure including a modified polypropylene (PP) layer, an aluminum layer, and a Polyester (PET) layer sequentially disposed in a direction away from the electrode assembly. The aluminum-plastic composite film has good barrier property, electrolyte resistance stability, cold stamping formability, puncture resistance and insulativity. The first packaging shell 11A and the second packaging shell 11B are made of aluminum-plastic composite film materials, and can have a good protection effect on an internal structure.
As shown in fig. 7, in other embodiments of the present application, the electrochemical device 100 further includes a third packaging case 3, and the third packaging case 3 packages the first electrochemical cell 1A, the second electrochemical cell 1B, and the separator 5, and exposes the first negative electrode tab 14Ab and the second positive electrode tab 14 Ba. If the electrochemical device includes three or more electrochemical cells, the third pack case 3 packs the three or more electrochemical cells and the separator disposed between any two electrochemical cells and exposes the positive electrode tab of the electrochemical cell at one end and the negative electrode tab of the electrochemical cell at the other end. In this implementation, the material of the first and second enclosures 11A, 11B comprises a polymer composite film, for example comprising at least one of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and plastic virgin rubber (LCP). The material of the third package shell 3 includes a polymer composite film, for example, the polymer composite film includes at least one of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and virgin plastic rubber (LCP), or the third package shell 3 adopts an aluminum-plastic composite film material.
In some embodiments of the present application, the nominal voltage of the electrochemical cell 1A and the nominal capacity of the electrochemical cell 1B are the same, and the external dimensions of the electrochemical cell 1A and the electrochemical cell 1B are the same.
In other embodiments of the present application, the electrochemical cell 1A and the electrochemical cell 1B have the same cross-sectional shape and size in a direction perpendicular to the alignment direction, but have different length dimensions in the alignment direction.
In the embodiment of the present application, the electrochemical device is, for example, a lithium ion battery.
Under the premise that the electrochemical device has equivalent discharge power with the single electrochemical device, the nominal voltage of the electrochemical device is increased by connecting a certain number of electrochemical monomers in series, so that the normal discharge current and the maximum discharge current of the electrochemical device are reduced, and the heat generation of the electrochemical device during working is obviously reduced, so that the occurrence of thermal runaway can be effectively reduced, and the discharge safety of the electrochemical device is improved.
In the related art, a 18650 single lithium ion battery (i.e., a lithium ion battery is cylindrical in shape, 18mm in diameter and 65mm in length), has a nominal voltage of 3.7 v (which refers to the discharge plateau voltage of the battery during use), has a rated capacity of 3000 ma, and generates about 0.36w of heat when operating at a discharge rate of 1C.
In one embodiment of the present application, a 18650 model lithium ion battery is also employed, which includes two electrochemical cells, such as a first electrochemical cell 1A and a second electrochemical cell 1B, respectively, shown in fig. 1, connected in series by a separator, wherein the separator has a thickness of 3mm, each electrochemical cell has a diameter of 18mm, a length of 31mm, a nominal voltage of 3.7 volts, and a rated capacity of 1500 ma-hrs. The nominal voltage of the lithium ion battery is 7.4 volts, the rated capacity is 3000 milliampere hours, the lithium ion battery also works at the discharge rate of 1C, and the heat generation power is about 0.197W.
It can be seen that, compared with the related art, under the same rated capacity, the nominal voltage of the lithium ion battery of the embodiment of the present application is doubled, and the heat output is reduced by 45%.
In the embodiments of the present application, there is no particular limitation on the negative electrode tab, and for example, the negative electrode tab includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer. The material of the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and for example, a copper foil, an aluminum alloy foil, or a composite current collector is used. The material of the anode active material layer is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, at least one of artificial graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon carbon, lithium titanate, and the like.
In the embodiments of the present application, there is no particular limitation on the positive electrode tab, and for example, the positive electrode tab includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer. The material of the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, and for example, an aluminum foil, an aluminum alloy foil, or a composite current collector is used. The material of the positive electrode active material layer is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, at least one of NCM811, NCM622, NCM523, NCM111, NCA, lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and lithium titanate.
In the embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte is not particularly limited. For example, the electrolyte may be any one of a gel state, a solid state, and a liquid state. For example, the liquid electrolyte includes a lithium salt and a nonaqueous solvent.
The lithium salt is not particularly limited in the embodiments of the present application, and for example, the lithium salt includes lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)4) Lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO)2F2) Lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonylimide) LiN (CF)3SO2)2(LiTFSI), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide Li (N (SO)2F)2) (LiFSI), lithium bis (oxalato) borate LiB (C)2O4)2(LiBOB) or lithium difluorooxalato borate LiBF2(C2O4) (LiDFOB). For example, LiPF is used as lithium salt6。
The non-aqueous solvent of the embodiments of the present application is not particularly limited, and for example, the non-aqueous solvent includes at least one of a carbonate compound, a carboxylate compound, an ether compound, a nitrile compound, or other organic solvent. The carbonate compound may include at least one of diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), Methyl Propyl Carbonate (MPC), Ethyl Propyl Carbonate (EPC), ethyl methyl carbonate (MEC), Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), Butylene Carbonate (BC), Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate (VEC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1, 2-difluoroethylene carbonate, 1, 2-trifluoroethylene carbonate, 1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethylene carbonate, 1-fluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, 1-fluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate, 1, 2-difluoro-1-methylethylene carbonate, 1, 2-trifluoro-2-methylethylene carbonate, or trifluoromethylethylene carbonate.
The separator in the embodiments of the present application is not particularly limited, and for example, the separator includes a polymer or an inorganic substance formed of a material stable to an electrolyte solution, or the like. The separator should have ion conductivity and electronic insulation.
In some embodiments of the present application, the separator includes a substrate layer and a surface treatment layer. The substrate layer is, for example, a nonwoven fabric, a film or a composite film having a porous structure, and the material of the substrate layer is, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide. For example, the substrate layer is a polypropylene porous film, a polyethylene porous film, a polypropylene nonwoven fabric, a polyethylene nonwoven fabric, or a polypropylene-polyethylene-polypropylene porous composite film. In some embodiments, a surface treatment layer is disposed on at least one surface of the substrate layer, and the surface treatment layer is, for example, a polymer layer or an inorganic layer, or a layer formed by mixing a polymer and an inorganic substance.
For example, the inorganic layer includes inorganic particles and a binder, and the inorganic particles in the embodiment of the present application are not particularly limited and may be selected from at least one of alumina, silica, magnesia, titania, hafnia, tin oxide, ceria, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, zirconia, yttria, silicon carbide, boehmite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and barium sulfate, for example. The binder in the embodiments of the present application is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, one or a combination of several selected from polyvinylidene fluoride, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polymethyl methacrylate, polytetrafluoroethylene, and polyhexafluoropropylene. The polymer layer comprises a polymer, and the material of the polymer comprises at least one of polyamide, polyacrylonitrile, acrylate polymer, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl ether, polyvinylidene fluoride or poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene).
In one embodiment of the present application, the electrochemical device includes two electrochemical cells and a separator, the two electrochemical cells and the separator have a cylindrical shape, the two electrochemical cells have the same size, and the electrode assemblies are respectively wound electrode assemblies. The electrochemical device was produced by the following method, wherein various tests and evaluations were performed by the following method, and unless otherwise specified, "parts" and "%" are based on weight.
Preparation example 1: preparation of negative pole piece
Mixing graphite serving as a negative active material, conductive carbon black and styrene butadiene rubber according to a mass ratio of 96: 1.5: 2.5, adding deionized water as a solvent, preparing into slurry with the solid content of 70 percent, and uniformly stirring. Uniformly coating the slurry on one surface of a copper foil with the thickness of 10 mu m, reserving a hollow copper foil area at one side edge, drying at 110 ℃ to obtain a negative pole piece with the coating thickness of 150 mu m and the single-side coated negative active material layer, and then repeating the coating steps on the other surface of the negative pole piece.
Preparation example 2: preparation of positive pole piece
LiCoO as positive electrode active material2Conductive carbon black, PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) in a mass ratio of 97.5: 1.0: 1.5, adding NMP as a solvent, preparing into slurry with the solid content of 75 percent, and uniformly stirring. And uniformly coating the slurry on one surface of an aluminum foil with the thickness of 12 mu m, reserving a hollow aluminum foil area at one side edge, and drying at 90 ℃ to obtain the positive pole piece with the coating thickness of 100 mu m and the single-side coated positive active material layer. The above steps are then repeated on the other surface of the positive electrode sheet.
Preparation example 3: preparation of the electrolyte
In a dry argon atmosphere, organic solvents EC (ethylene carbonate), EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) and DEC (diethyl carbonate) were first mixed in a mass ratio EC: EMC: DEC-30: 50: 20 and then adding LiPF to the organic solvent6(lithium hexafluorophosphate) was dissolved and uniformly mixed to obtain an electrolyte solution having a lithium salt concentration of 1.15M.
Preparation example 4: preparation of wound electrode assemblies
Sequentially laminating a negative pole piece, a first diaphragm, a positive pole piece and a second diaphragm, and respectively positioning a strip-shaped hollow aluminum foil and a strip-shaped hollow copper foil at two opposite side edges of the laminated structure, wherein the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm are Polyethylene (PE) films with the thickness of 15 mu m; then, winding the laminated structure into a cylinder along the length direction of the strip-shaped empty aluminum foil and the strip-shaped empty copper foil, after the step is finished, placing the first diaphragm at the outermost side, positioning the wound empty aluminum foil at one end of the cylinder, and positioning the wound empty copper-nickel foil at the other end of the cylinder; then, flattening the coiled empty aluminum foil and empty copper foil to obtain flat anode inner pole ear parts and flat cathode inner pole ear parts; and then welding the positive electrode adapter lug part and the positive electrode inner lug part of the nickel foil material, and welding the negative electrode adapter lug part and the negative electrode inner lug part of the aluminum foil material. Two wound electrode assemblies were prepared separately in this way.
Preparation example 5: preparation of electrochemical monomers
Placing a pit-punching formed packaging film with the thickness of 0.5mm in an assembly fixture, and enabling the pit surface to face upwards; thereafter, the wound electrode assembly prepared according to preparation example 4 was placed in a pit; then, covering another encapsulation film which is formed by punching a pit and has the thickness of 0.5mm on the winding type electrode assembly, and enabling the pit surface to face downwards; then, leading out the positive electrode adapter electrode lug part and the negative electrode adapter electrode lug part, and thermally sealing the two packaging films by adopting a hot-pressing mode to form a cavity with an opening at one end; then, the electrolyte prepared according to preparation example 3 was injected into the cavity from the opening; and finally, sealing the opening by adopting a hot pressing mode to obtain the electrochemical monomer. Two electrochemical monomers are prepared by the method respectively.
Preparation example 6: assembly of electrochemical device
Welding the positive electrode adapter electrode lug part of one electrochemical monomer with one end of the conductor of the separator, and welding the negative electrode adapter electrode lug part of the other electrochemical monomer with the other end of the conductor of the separator; then, the packaging case of one of the electrochemical cells is hermetically welded to one side surface of the separator, and the packaging case of the other electrochemical cell is hermetically welded to the other side surface of the separator, thereby obtaining the electrochemical device of the embodiment of the present application.
The positive electrode adapter electrode lug part and the negative electrode adapter electrode lug part can be welded with the conductor through a laser welding process, and the packaging shell and the isolation pad can be welded through an ultrasonic welding process.
Embodiments of the present application further provide an electronic device, including the electrochemical device of any one of the foregoing embodiments. Specific product types of electronic devices include, but are not limited to, mobile terminals, power tools, electric vehicles, mobile power supplies, and the like. Since the electrochemical device generates less heat during high-power discharge and has higher discharge safety, the electronic device has higher safety in use.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (18)

1. An electrochemical device, comprising:
the first electrochemical monomer comprises a first packaging shell, a first electrode assembly and a first electrolyte, wherein the first electrode assembly is positioned in the first packaging shell, the first electrolyte is filled in the first packaging shell, and the first electrode assembly comprises a first positive electrode lug and a first negative electrode lug which extend out of the first packaging shell;
the second electrochemical monomer comprises a second packaging shell, a second electrode assembly and second electrolyte, wherein the second electrode assembly is positioned in the second packaging shell, the second electrolyte is filled in the second packaging shell, the second electrode assembly comprises a second positive electrode lug and a second negative electrode lug which extend out of the second packaging shell, and the second negative electrode lug and the first positive electrode lug are oppositely arranged; and
the separator is arranged between the first electrochemical monomer and the second electrochemical monomer and comprises an isolating pad, the first packaging shell and the second packaging shell are respectively connected with the isolating pad, and the first positive pole lug and the second negative pole lug are electrically connected.
2. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the separator also comprises an electric conductor arranged in the isolating pad, and the first positive electrode lug and the second negative electrode lug are respectively electrically connected with the electric conductor.
3. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the isolating pad is provided with a through hole, the first positive pole lug is directly and electrically connected with the second negative pole lug, and the joint is positioned in the through hole.
4. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the first packaging shell and the second packaging shell are respectively welded with the isolation pad.
5. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the first electrochemical cell, the separator, and the second electrochemical cell are cylindrical, prismatic, or elliptical-cylindrical, and the conductor is cylindrical, prismatic, or elliptical-cylindrical.
6. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the isolation pad is made of at least one of plastic virgin rubber, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, modified polypropylene, polyester and polyvinyl chloride.
7. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the material of the electric conductor comprises at least one of copper, nickel and copper-nickel alloy.
8. The electrochemical device according to claim 2,
the first positive electrode lug comprises a first positive electrode inner electrode lug part positioned in the first packaging shell and a first positive electrode adapter electrode lug part welded with the first positive electrode inner electrode lug part and extending out of the first packaging shell;
the first negative electrode tab comprises a first negative electrode inner electrode lug part and a first negative electrode switching electrode lug part, wherein the first negative electrode inner electrode lug part is positioned in the first packaging shell, and the first negative electrode switching electrode lug part is welded with the first negative electrode inner electrode lug part and extends out of the first packaging shell;
the second positive electrode lug comprises a second positive electrode inner electrode lug part positioned in the second packaging shell and a second positive electrode adapter electrode lug part welded with the second positive electrode inner electrode lug part and extending out of the second packaging shell;
second negative pole utmost point ear including being located utmost point ear in the second negative pole in the second enclosure, and with utmost point ear welds and stretches out in the second negative pole switching utmost point ear of second enclosure, second negative pole switching utmost point ear with first positive switching utmost point ear respectively with the electric conductor welding.
9. The electrochemical device according to claim 8,
anodal ear in the first positive pole the anodal ear in the first negative pole the anodal ear in the second positive pole with the anodal ear in the second negative pole has full utmost point ear structure respectively.
10. The electrochemical device according to claim 9,
the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly are each a wound electrode assembly;
anodal ear in the first positive pole extremely ear in the first negative pole extremely ear in the second positive pole extremely ear with extremely ear is flat through rubbing the flat processing respectively in the second negative pole.
11. The electrochemical device according to claim 8,
the first electrode assembly and the second electrode assembly are each a laminated electrode assembly.
12. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the first electrochemical cell further comprises: the first packaging shell is provided with a first positive pole tab glue and a first negative pole tab glue, wherein the first positive pole tab glue is used for connecting the first positive pole tab with the first packaging shell in a sealing way;
the second electrochemical cell further comprises: and the second positive electrode tab glue is used for connecting the second positive electrode tab with the second packaging shell in a sealing manner, and the second negative electrode tab glue is used for connecting the second negative electrode tab with the second packaging shell in a sealing manner.
13. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the first packaging shell and the second packaging shell are made of polymer composite films.
14. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the materials of the first packaging shell and the second packaging shell comprise at least one of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, polyvinyl chloride and plastic virgin rubber.
15. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the first electrochemical cell and the second electrochemical cell have the same nominal voltage and the same rated capacity.
16. The electrochemical device according to claim 1,
the first electrochemical cell and the second electrochemical cell have the same physical dimensions.
17. The electrochemical device of any one of claims 1-16, further comprising:
and a third packaging case which packages the first electrochemical cell, the separator and the second electrochemical cell and exposes the first negative electrode tab and the second positive electrode tab.
18. An electronic device comprising the electrochemical device according to any one of claims 1-17.
CN202080015246.XA 2020-09-08 2020-09-08 Electrochemical device and electronic device Pending CN113454833A (en)

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