CN113451780B - Circular polarization fixed frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna - Google Patents
Circular polarization fixed frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/314—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors
- H01Q5/328—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors between a radiating element and ground
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna, and belongs to the technical field of microwave antenna engineering. According to the invention, forward or reverse direct current bias voltages are loaded between different parasitic strips and a metal floor layer to respectively control the switch states of the two PIN diodes, in order to ensure the circular polarization characteristic of the circular polarization radiation unit, the switch states of the two PIN diodes are kept the same (simultaneously on or simultaneously off), when the direct current bias voltages control the two PIN diodes to be switched between the two states of 'on' and 'off', the working frequency of the circular polarization radiation unit is changed, the regulation and control effect of the bias voltages on the radiation electromagnetic waves of the circular polarization radiation unit is realized, and then the fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna with low section, low cost, beam scanning and circular polarization is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna, and belongs to the technical field of microwave antenna engineering.
Background
The antenna is a key device in a wireless communication system, and the characteristics of the antenna directly determine the performance of the whole communication system. Modern communication systems have a strong demand for low profile, low cost, beam scanning antennas. Due to the advantages of rain attenuation resistance and multipath effect resistance, the circularly polarized wave has wide application prospects in communication in modern wireless mobile communication and satellite communication and various radar systems. Conventional phased array antennas have excellent beam scanning capabilities, but are equipped with a separate set of transmit/receive (T/R) components for each radiating element. The phased array is high in manufacturing cost due to the existence of a large number of T/R components, and meanwhile, the phased array antenna is large in size and heavy due to the complex heat dissipation structure, and the electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna are affected. Compared with a phased array antenna, the reflective array antenna and the transmissive array antenna do not need a complex power distribution network, use of a large number of T/R components is avoided, antenna cost is effectively reduced, but a certain distance needs to be kept between a feed horn and an antenna array surface in the antenna, so that the overall profile of the antenna is obviously improved, and the requirements of a modern communication system on low profile, miniaturization and integration of the antenna are difficult to meet.
The leaky-wave antenna is an antenna with the characteristics of simple structure, low profile and beam scanning. By loading some tunable devices, such as diodes, ferrite materials, liquid crystals and the like, in the leaky-wave antenna unit, fixed-frequency beam scanning can be conveniently realized. Therefore, the circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna with the advantages of miniaturization and low cost is provided, and the circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna has important significance for improving the overall performance level of modern wireless communication, radar and navigation systems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna which has the characteristics of low profile, low cost, beam scanning and circular polarization.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a circular polarization fixed frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna comprises a metal radiation layer 1, an upper dielectric substrate 2, a metal floor layer 3, a dielectric substrate bonding layer 4, a lower dielectric substrate 5 and a metal feed layer 6 from top to bottom, wherein the metal radiation layer 1 and the metal floor layer 3 are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2; the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 5 are bonded into a whole through a dielectric substrate bonding layer 4; the metal feed layer 6 is positioned on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate 5, and the metal floor layer 3 has a hollow structure to prevent the feed metal probe from forming a short circuit with the metal floor layer;
the length direction of the upper dielectric slab 2 is the y-axis direction, the width direction is the x-axis direction, and the height direction is the z-axis direction;
the metal radiation layer 1 is made of metal films and comprises two rows of circular polarization radiation units 8, each row of circular polarization radiation units 8 are equidistantly distributed on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric plate 2 along the y-axis direction, the circular polarization radiation units 8 of adjacent rows are staggered or arranged oppositely, each circular polarization radiation unit 8 is provided with 1 feed point for feeding, and a feed metal probe 7 sequentially penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric substrate 5, the dielectric substrate adhesive layer 4, the hollow structure of the metal floor layer 3 and the upper-layer dielectric substrate 2 to be connected with the metal radiation layer 1 and the metal feed layer 6.
Further defined, the circularly polarized radiating element 8 comprises a circularly polarized patch 9, two parasitic strips 10 and two ground vias 13.
Further, the circularly polarized patch 9 is a square corner cut patch having 4C-shaped hollow structures 11, the side length of the square is p, two corners are opposite angles, and the corner cut is tbThe base angle is an isosceles right triangle of 45 degrees and is used for realizing circularly polarized radiation; the feed point is located on the circularly polarized patch 9 and has a center distance f from the circularly polarized patch 9x。
Further, two parasitic strips 10 are respectively arranged outside two adjacent sides of the circularly polarized patch 9, and each parasitic strip 10 has a width w1Length of cpEach parasitic strip 10 is spaced from the circularly polarized patch 9 by a distance psThe two parasitic strips 10 are connected to the metal floor layer 3 by means of diodes and ground vias 13, respectively.
Further, the 4C-shaped hollow structures 11 have the same size, and the length of the long arm of the C-shaped hollow structure 11 is l1The length of the short arm is l2The width of the gap is ws4C-shaped hollow structures 11 are distributed in central symmetryAnd the placing angles of the adjacent C-shaped hollow structures 11 are different by 90 degrees.
Further, the distance d between adjacent circularly polarized radiation units 8 in the same row is defined1The staggered distance between the circularly polarized radiation units 8 of different rows is d2(ii) a The circularly polarized radiation elements 8 in different rows are distributed in a mirror image manner.
Further, the parameter range of the metal radiation layer 1 is defined as follows:
0.15λ0≤d1≤0.50λ0、0≤d2≤0.25λ0、0.1λ0≤p≤0.35λ0、0.01λ0≤tb≤0.05λ0、0.02λ0≤l1≤0.14λ0、0≤l2≤0.10λ0、0.003λ0≤ws≤0.06λ0、0.005λ0≤fx≤0.3λ0、0.01λ0≤w1≤0.08λ0、0.05λ0≤cp≤0.4λ0and 0.003 lambda0≤ps≤0.05λ0Wherein λ is0Is a free space wavelength.
Further, the metal feed layer 6 includes a microstrip transmission line 16 and feed branches 17, the feed branches 17 are located on both sides of the microstrip transmission line 16 and distributed in a staggered manner, one end of the feed branch 17 is connected to the feed point, and the other end of the feed branch 17 is connected to the microstrip transmission line 16.
Further, it is defined that a feeding point of the metal radiation layer 1 is opposite to a feeding point of the metal feeding layer 6, and a feeding point of the circularly polarized radiation unit 8 is connected to the feeding point of the metal feeding layer 6 through a feeding metal probe 7.
Further defined, the microstrip transmission line 16 has a width w2The width of the feed branch 17 is w3Length of l3。
Further limited, the range of the parameters of the metal feed layer 6 is:
0.01λ0≤w2≤0.05λ0，0.004λ0≤w3≤0.04λ0，0.05λ0≤l3≤0.2λ0wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength.
Further limiting, the antenna operating frequency band range is above 5.0GHz, and the specific parameter values are as follows:
d1＝15mm，d2＝7.5mm，p＝8.50mm，cp＝1.00mm，tb＝1.00mm，l1＝3.00mm，l2＝1.30mm，fx＝2.00mm，ws＝0.50mm，ps＝0.15mm，w1＝0.5mm，cp＝6.00mm，w2＝3.00mm，l3＝5.30mm，w3＝0.30mm；
the number of the circularly polarized radiation units 8 is 40, the thicknesses of the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 5 are both 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 6.15.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna provided by the invention obtains the fixed-frequency beam scanning capability by regulating and controlling the radiation energy of each radiation unit. Specifically, forward or reverse direct current bias voltages are loaded between different parasitic strips and a metal floor layer to respectively control the switch states of the two PIN diodes, in order to ensure the circular polarization characteristic of the circular polarization radiation unit, the switch states of the two PIN diodes are kept the same (simultaneously on or simultaneously off), when the two PIN diodes are controlled to be switched between the two states of 'on' and 'off' by the direct current bias voltages, the working frequency of the circular polarization radiation unit changes, and the change of the working frequency means that the size and the phase of electromagnetic waves radiated by the circular polarization radiation unit change, namely the regulation and control effect of the bias voltages on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the circular polarization radiation unit is realized. In addition, the invention also has the following advantages:
(1) by utilizing the regulation and control characteristics of the circularly polarized radiation unit for radiating electromagnetic waves and combining a proper electromagnetic beam synthesis algorithm and a corresponding bias voltage control circuit, the electromagnetic beam scanning or electromagnetic beam forming of the whole circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna can be realized;
(2) the invention adopts the serial feed network, thus compared with the phased array, the invention has the advantages of low section surface, miniaturization and high integration level;
(3) the antenna provided by the invention does not need any TR component or TR chip, can realize beam scanning by only needing a simple diode, and has the advantage of low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a circular polarization fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a metal radiation layer;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the circularly polarized radiating element of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a metal feed layer structure;
FIG. 6 is the far field pattern simulation result of the antenna of example 1 at 5.0 GHz;
in the figure, 1-a metal radiation layer, 2-an upper dielectric substrate, 3-a metal floor layer, 4-a substrate bonding layer, 5-a lower dielectric substrate, 6-a metal feed layer, 7-a feed metal probe, 8-a circular polarization radiation unit, 9-a circular polarization patch, 10-a parasitic strip, 11-a C-shaped hollow structure, 12-a PIN diode, 13-a grounding via hole, 14-a feed point, 15-a hollow structure of the metal floor layer, 16-a microstrip transmission line and 17-a feed branch node.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 4, the circular polarization fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna comprises, from top to bottom, a metal radiation layer 1, an upper dielectric substrate 2, a metal floor layer 3, a dielectric substrate adhesive layer 4, a lower dielectric substrate 5 and a metal feed layer 6, wherein the metal radiation layer 1 and the metal floor layer 3 are respectively located on the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 2; the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 5 are bonded through a dielectric substrate bonding layer 4; the metal feed layer 6 is positioned on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate 5, and the metal floor layer 3 has a hollow structure.
As shown in fig. 2, the metal radiation layer 1 includes two rows of circularly polarized radiation units 8, each row of circularly polarized radiation units 8 is equidistantly distributed on the upper surface of the upper dielectric plate 2 along the y-axis direction, the circularly polarized radiation units 8 in adjacent rows are staggered or aligned, each circularly polarized radiation unit 8 has 1 feeding point for feeding, and the feeding metal probe 7 sequentially passes through the lower dielectric substrate 5, the dielectric substrate adhesive layer 4, the hollow structure of the metal floor layer 3 and the upper dielectric substrate 2 to connect the metal radiation layer 1 and the metal feeding layer 6; the distance between the adjacent circularly polarized radiation units 8 in the same row is d1The staggered distance between the circularly polarized radiation units 8 of different rows is d2(ii) a The circularly polarized radiation elements 8 in different rows are distributed in a mirror image manner.
As shown in fig. 3, the circularly polarized radiating element 8 includes a circularly polarized patch 9, two parasitic strips 10, and two ground vias 13; the circularly polarized patch 9 is a square corner cut patch with 4C-shaped hollow structures 11, the side length of the square is p, the two corners are opposite angles, and the corner cut is tbThe base angle is an isosceles right triangle of 45 degrees; the feed point is located on the circularly polarized patch 9 and has a center distance f from the circularly polarized patch 9x(ii) a Two parasitic strips 10 are respectively positioned at the outer sides of two adjacent sides of the circularly polarized patch 9, and the width of each parasitic strip 10 is w1Length of cpEach parasitic strip 10 is spaced from the circularly polarized patch 9 by a distance psThe two parasitic strips 10 are connected to the metal floor layer 3 through PIN diodes 12 and ground vias 13, respectively. The 4C-shaped hollow structures 11 have the same size, and the length of the long arm of the C-shaped hollow structure 11 is l1The length of the short arm is l2The width of the gap is ws(ii) a The 4C-shaped hollow structures 11 are distributed in a central symmetry way, and the placing angles of the adjacent C-shaped hollow structures 11The phase difference is 90 degrees, and 4C-shaped hollow structures 11 can generate electromagnetic resonance on lower frequency for circularly polarized patches, so that the purpose of antenna miniaturization is realized.
As shown in fig. 5, the metal feed layer 6 includes a microstrip transmission line 16 and feed branches 17, the feed branches 17 are located at two sides of the microstrip transmission line 16 and are distributed in a staggered manner, one end of the feed branch 17 is connected with a feed point, and the other end of the feed branch 17 is connected with the microstrip transmission line 16; the feed point of the metal radiation layer 1 is opposite to the feed point of the metal feed layer 6, and the feed point of the circularly polarized radiation unit 8 is connected with the feed point of the metal feed layer 6 through a feed metal probe 7; the microstrip transmission line 16 has a width w2The width of the feed branch 17 is w3Length of l3。
The structural parameters of the circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna are set as follows:
p＝8.50mm、cp＝1.00mm、tb＝1.00mm、l1＝3.00mm、l2＝1.30mm、fx＝2.00mm、ws＝0.50mm、ps＝0.15mm、w1＝0.5mm、cp＝6.00mm；w2＝3.00mm、l3＝5.30mm、w3＝0.30mm；
spacing d between circularly polarized radiating elements in the same row115mm, the pitch d of the unit staggers in different rows27.5mm, the number of the circularly polarized radiation units is 8 and 40;
the thicknesses of the upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 5 are both 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 6.15.
The simulation result of the far-field directional pattern of the circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna at 5.0GHz is shown in FIG. 6, and the simulation result of the radiation characteristic parameters at 5.0GHz is shown in Table 1.
Table 15.0 GHz radiation characteristic parameter simulation results
As can be seen from fig. 6 and table 1, the leaky-wave antenna with circularly polarized fixed-frequency beams can realize ± 60 ° scanning at 5.0GHz, and can realize good circularly polarized radiation characteristics in the scanning range of-40 ° to +50 °, and the axial ratio is less than 3 dB. The peak gain of the array is 12.0dBic and the minimum gain is 9.9dBic, i.e. the antenna array shows good circular polarized beam scanning characteristics.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky-wave antenna is characterized by comprising a metal radiation layer (1), an upper-layer dielectric substrate (2), a metal floor layer (3), a dielectric substrate bonding layer (4), a lower-layer dielectric substrate (5) and a metal feed layer (6) from top to bottom, wherein the metal radiation layer (1) and the metal floor layer (3) are respectively positioned on the upper surface and the lower surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate (2); the upper dielectric substrate (2) and the lower dielectric substrate (5) are bonded through a dielectric substrate bonding layer (4); the metal feed layer (6) is positioned on the lower surface of the lower-layer dielectric substrate (5), and the metal floor layer (3) is of a hollow structure;
the length direction of the upper layer medium substrate (2) is the y-axis direction, the width direction is the x-axis direction, and the height direction is the z-axis direction;
the metal radiation layer (1) comprises two rows of circularly polarized radiation units (8), each row of circularly polarized radiation units (8) are equidistantly distributed on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric substrate (2) along the y-axis direction, the circularly polarized radiation units (8) in adjacent rows are staggered or oppositely arranged, each circularly polarized radiation unit (8) is provided with 1 feed point for feeding the circularly polarized radiation unit, and a feed metal probe (7) sequentially penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric substrate (5), the dielectric substrate bonding layer (4), the hollow structure of the metal floor layer (3) and the upper-layer dielectric substrate (2) to be connected with the metal radiation layer (1) and the metal feed layer (6);
the circularly polarized radiating unit (8) comprises a circularly polarized patch (9), two parasitic strips (10) and two grounding through holes (13);
the circularly polarized patch (9) is a square cut with 4C-shaped hollow structures (11)Corner patch, the side length of the square is p, two cut corners are opposite angles, and the cut corners are tbThe base angle is an isosceles right triangle of 45 degrees; the feed point is positioned on the circularly polarized patch (9) and has a center distance f from the circularly polarized patch (9)x；
Two parasitic strips (10) are respectively positioned at the outer sides of two adjacent sides of the circularly polarized patch (9), and the width of each parasitic strip (10) is w1Length of cpEach parasitic strip (10) is spaced from the circularly polarized patch (9) by a distance psThe two parasitic strips (10) are respectively connected with the metal floor layer (3) through PIN diodes (12) and grounding via holes (13);
the 4C-shaped hollow structures (11) have the same size, and the length of the long arm of each C-shaped hollow structure (11) is l1The length of the short arm is l2The width of the gap is ws(ii) a The 4C-shaped hollow structures (11) are distributed in central symmetry, and the placing angles of the adjacent C-shaped hollow structures (11) are different by 90 degrees; the 4C-shaped hollow structures (11) are used for enabling the circularly polarized patch to generate electromagnetic resonance at a lower frequency, so that the purpose of antenna miniaturization is achieved.
2. The leaky-wave antenna for circularly polarized fixed frequency beam scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein a distance d between adjacent circularly polarized radiating elements (8) in a same row is defined1The staggered distance between the circularly polarized radiation units (8) of different rows is d2(ii) a The circularly polarized radiation units (8) of different rows are distributed in a mirror image mode.
3. The leaky-wave antenna with circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning as claimed in claim 2, wherein the parameter range of the metal radiation layer (1) is as follows:
0.15λ0≤d1≤0.50λ0、0≤d2≤0.25λ0、0.1λ0≤p≤0.35λ0、0.01λ0≤tb≤0.05λ0、0.02λ0≤l1≤0.14λ0、0≤l2≤0.10λ0、0.003λ0≤ws≤0.06λ0、0.005λ0≤fx≤0.3λ0、0.01λ0≤w1≤0.08λ0、0.05λ0≤cp≤0.4λ0and 0.003 lambda0≤ps≤0.05λ0Wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength.
4. The leaky-wave antenna with circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning as claimed in claim 3, wherein the metal feed layer (6) comprises a microstrip transmission line (16) and feed branches (17), the feed branches (17) are located on both sides of the microstrip transmission line (16) and are distributed in a staggered manner, one end of the feed branch (17) is connected to the feed point, and the other end of the feed branch (17) is connected to the microstrip transmission line (16).
5. The leaky-wave antenna with circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning as claimed in claim 4, wherein the feeding point of the metal radiating layer (1) is opposite to the feeding point of the metal feeding layer (6), and the feeding point of the circularly polarized radiating element (8) is connected to the feeding point of the metal feeding layer (6) through a feeding metal probe (7).
6. The leaky-wave antenna with circularly polarized and fixed frequency beam scanning as claimed in claim 5, wherein the microstrip transmission line (16) has a width w2The width of the feed branch (17) is w3Length of l3。
7. The leaky-wave antenna with circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning as claimed in claim 6, wherein the parameter of the metal feed layer (6) has a range of values:
0.01λ0≤w2≤0.05λ0，0.004λ0≤w3≤0.04λ0，0.05λ0≤l3≤0.2λ0wherein λ is0Is the free space wavelength.
8. The leaky-wave antenna for circularly polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning according to claim 6, wherein the operating frequency band range of the antenna is more than 5.0GHz, and the specific parameter values are as follows:
d1＝15mm，d2＝7.5mm，p＝8.50mm，cp＝1.00mm，tb＝1.00mm，l1＝3.00mm，l2＝1.30mm，fx＝2.00mm，ws＝0.50mm，ps＝0.15mm，w1＝0.5mm，cp＝6.00mm，w2＝3.00mm，l3＝5.30mm，w3＝0.30mm；
the number of the circularly polarized radiation units (8) is 40, the thicknesses of the upper dielectric substrate (2) and the lower dielectric substrate (5) are both 1.27mm, and the dielectric constant is 6.15.
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