CN113446598B - Low-nitrogen combustion zone control method under full load of CFB boiler - Google Patents
Low-nitrogen combustion zone control method under full load of CFB boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN113446598B CN113446598B CN202110578848.2A CN202110578848A CN113446598B CN 113446598 B CN113446598 B CN 113446598B CN 202110578848 A CN202110578848 A CN 202110578848A CN 113446598 B CN113446598 B CN 113446598B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
- F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
- F23C10/28—Control devices specially adapted for fluidised bed, combustion apparatus
Abstract
The invention provides a low-nitrogen combustion zone control method under full load of a CFB boiler, which specifically comprises the following steps: dividing the rectangular CFB boiler furnace into areas according to the coal feeding port; monitoring NO in each region according to conventional method x Concentration, urea solution flow, zone oxygen concentration, zone bed temperature, coal feeding amount, primary air amount, secondary air amount, limestone adding amount, dense-phase zone average temperature and secondary air zone ammonia spraying amount data; collecting and storing data over the past 72 hours in each region, and establishing NO using machine learning based algorithms x Prediction model of concentration for NO in each region x Predicting the concentration; according to predicted NO x And the concentration is combined with the acquired data information, and the coal feeding amount, the primary air quantity, the secondary air area ammonia spraying amount and the limestone adding amount in each area are adjusted. According to the method, the partition prediction and the partition control are combined, the low-nitrogen combustion nitrogen reduction potential is deeply excavated, and the dosage of the denitration agent is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermal power generation denitration, in particular to a low-nitrogen combustion zone control method under full load of a CFB boiler.
Background
The circulating fluidized bed boiler is a clean coal power generation technology with wide fuel adaptability, large load regulation ratio and low pollutant discharge. Due to the low combustion temperature, the emission of nitrogen oxides is generally lower than 200mg/Nm 3 And the optimal environmental protection effect can be obtained with the minimum environmental protection cost. However, in order to meet the environmental trend requirements of 'energy conservation and emission reduction, double reduction and double reduction' of electric power, NO is added in the power generation wide load adjustment process of the circulating fluidized bed boiler x Ultra-low emissions are a technical challenge facing the industry today.
China's circulating fluidized bed generator set mostly adopts low-nitrogen combustion in the furnace, and then selective catalytic reduction flue gas denitration (SCR) and selective non-catalytic reduction flue gas denitration (SNCR) are equipped according to the capacity of the assembled generator set. At present, in the load reduction process of a power generation site, in order to prevent NO in flue gas x The emission exceeds the standard, ammonia is often sprayed excessively, and excessive ammonia gas can increase the denitration cost, so that ammonia escape is caused, and the safe use of equipment is damaged. In contrast, the low-nitrogen combustion adjustment in the furnace does not need to add extra cost and cause other secondary pollution, and is NO x The best denitration technology with high control efficiency and cost saving. However, the current CFB low-nitrogen combustion technology mainly focuses on two major directions of air or fuel classification in the furnace, and the common technologies in engineering are as follows: reducing the oxygen supply amount of a combustion area through flue gas recirculation, and creating a reducing atmosphere; raising a secondary air port of the boiler and delaying oxygen supplement; the high-efficiency cyclone separator is improved to improve the material returning amount so as to reduce the temperature of a combustion zone and the like.
The invention patent CN201711477013.8 discloses a denitration low-NO x Circulating fluidized bed boiler and denitration low NO x The discharge control process includes increasing the amount of material circulating inside the boiler, increasing or decreasing the heat absorption of the evaporating heating surface inside the hearth, changing the oxygen amount in the burning stages to lower the burning temperature inside the hearth and reduce the NO produced during burning coal x A contaminant. Patent CN201921802668.2 disclosesThe utility model provides a low nitrogen burning circulating fluidized bed boiler, to the air system configuration improvement back, form from the center to the air output that the amount of wind diminishes all around to make the whole cloth wind of air even, and then make the coal breakage even, improve the combustion effect, and then improve nitrogen oxide desorption rate, reduce nitrogen oxide's emission. The invention patent CN201910639375.5 discloses a denitration process in a circulating fluidized bed boiler, which has the most outstanding characteristic of ultralow NO through a staged combustion technology x On the premise of ensuring stable combustion and high efficiency, the combustion characteristic not only ensures early ignition and stable combustion of the pulverized coal by means of high-efficiency thick-thin separation technology, space combustion classification technology, primary air reverse jet flow and the like, but also realizes air supply in the furnace as required and reduction of the temperature deviation of the smoke at the outlet of the hearth by adopting top-down and left-right adjustable over-fire air nozzle technology, and more importantly realizes ultralow NO of the boiler x The combustion emission of the boiler is reduced by 20-30% compared with the emission of the traditional boiler, and good environmental benefit is realized.
The technologies are regulated and controlled from the whole boiler, but with the continuous development of CFB boiler technology, 300MW level becomes mainstream, 600MW has gradually risen, the CFB boiler furnace is more and more bulky, and the cross-sectional area of the furnace at 300MW level is mostly about 300 square meters. The phenomena brought by the large volume are: combustion conditions at different locations in the furnace body are different, NO x The amount of production also varied. While only carrying out massive zoning on the whole, the local reaction environment cannot be effectively controlled, and the NO cannot be purposefully reduced from the combustion source by a large margin x And (4) generating amount. The specific reasons are as follows: different from a pulverized coal furnace, the shape of the hearth of most coal-fired circulating fluidized bed boilers is strip-shaped, namely the front wall and the rear wall of the hearth are longer, and the left wall and the right wall are shorter; the ring formed by descending solid particles near the side wall in the hearth and the nucleus formed by ascending air flow near the center form a ring nucleus structure in the whole furnace, so that the concentration distribution of materials in each region of the hearth is uneven; two air inlet modes, namely air inlet at two sides and air inlet at the back side, cannot completely ensure that static pressure of the water-cooling air chamber is completely and uniformly distributed, and the static pressure is not uniformly distributed to cause non-uniform air distribution of a hearth. The fluidization and combustion in the hearth can also generate the characteristic of uneven distribution. As can be seen from the above 3 points, the circulating fluidized bed boiler edgeThe horizontal direction has regional operating mode difference. Different working conditions in each zone, its NO x The production environment is different, and the production capacity is different. Therefore, it is necessary to divide the CFB boiler horizontally, install a measuring instrument in each area, and perform local fine control operation according to the condition of the measuring instrument, so as to further reduce NO x And the generated amount, particularly during low-load operation, reduces the subsequent SNCR and SCR denitration pressure, reduces the ammonia consumption and avoids ammonia escape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at NO caused by the fact that different combustion conditions in a boiler cannot be accurately controlled due to integral zoning and grading in the CFB boiler low-nitrogen combustion technology x The problem of uneven generation is solved, and a low-nitrogen combustion zone control method under the full load of the CFB boiler is provided. Establishing a high-precision prediction model on the basis of the partitions so as to predict NO in different partitions x The generation amount is further controlled finely to control the operation parameters of the controllable equipment in each area, and NO is realized x And (4) deeply and sectionally reducing emission.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-nitrogen combustion zone control method under the full load of a CFB boiler comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out region division on a rectangular CFB boiler furnace according to coal feeding ports, wherein each coal feeding port is divided into a region;
and 2, step: monitoring NO in each region according to conventional methods x Concentration, urea solution flow, zone oxygen concentration, zone bed temperature, coal feeding amount, primary air amount, secondary air amount, limestone adding amount, dense-phase zone average temperature and secondary air zone ammonia spraying amount data;
and 3, step 3: collecting and storing the last 72 hours of NO in each area x Concentration, urea solution flow, zone oxygen concentration, zone bed temperature, coal feeding quantity, primary air quantity, secondary air quantity, limestone adding quantity, dense-phase zone average temperature and secondary air zone ammonia injection quantity data;
and 4, step 4: establishing NO by utilizing an algorithm based on machine learning according to the data collected in the step 3 x A prediction model of concentration, for eachNO in one region x Predicting the concentration;
and 5: NO predicted according to step 4 x And (4) finely adjusting the controllable operating parameters in each area by combining the concentration with the data collected in the step (3).
Further, the length-width ratio of the rectangular CFB boiler furnace is larger than 3.
Further, the controllable operation parameters in the step 5 include coal feeding amount, primary air amount, secondary air area ammonia spraying amount and limestone adding amount.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, areas are divided according to the coal feeding points in the boiler, and the areas are predicted and controlled in a partitioned mode, so that the overall control precision of the denitration system is improved.
2. According to the invention, secondary air, ammonia injection amount and limestone addition amount parameters are added in low-nitrogen combustion control, so that the low-nitrogen control is more accurate and flexible.
3. The partition prediction and partition control are combined, and each partition is used for carrying out NO treatment on the whole boiler x The generated amount can be accurately predicted and finely controlled, the low-nitrogen combustion nitrogen reduction potential is deeply excavated, the dosage of the denitrifying agent is saved, the problem of reduction of the denitrifying rate of SNCR and SCR under low load due to temperature deviation from the traditional high-efficiency reaction temperature region is solved, and NO under full load of the CFB boiler is realized x And (4) ultralow emission.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a horizontal cross-sectional partition of a circulating fluidized bed boiler furnace;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of the various ports in each subspace
(1-coal feeding port 2-secondary tuyere 3-limestone feeding port 4-denitration spray gun 5-temperature measuring point in the area);
Detailed Description
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical solutions of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, which is a schematic view of a horizontal cross-section partition of a hearth of a circulating fluidized bed boiler, the length of the boiler is 31 meters, the width of the boiler is 9.8 meters, the height of the boiler is 55 meters, and the hearth is equally divided into 10 zones along the horizontal direction of the hearth. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of various ports in each subspace, and each region is provided with 1 coal feeding port, 1 secondary tuyere, 1 limestone feeding port and 1 denitration lance. And 1 temperature measuring point is arranged in each zone, and the combustion temperature in the zone is measured. Each zone is provided with NO in the smoke x One content measuring instrument for measuring NO in measuring area x And (3) temperature.
For NO in each region x The concentration is predicted, and the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Collecting NO from power plant for 72 hours over 3 days x Concentration, urea solution flow, zone oxygen concentration, total coal quantity, total load, total air quantity, flue gas quantity, total secondary air quantity, dense-phase zone average temperature and separator average temperature.
(2) Establishing NO using machine learning based LSTM network x Prediction model of concentration: firstly, an application module is imported, then an intermediate layer of a neural network is defined, then program data is applied, the shape of the data is adjusted, the type of input data is consistent with that of output data, and machine learning is facilitated. Constructing a neural network layer and a hidden layer, wherein input variables are urea solution flow, oxygen concentration, coal feeding quantity, total load, total air quantity, flue gas quantity, secondary air quantity, temperature of a lower left dense-phase region, temperature of a lower right dense-phase region, average temperature of the dense-phase regions and average temperature of a separator, and output variables are NO x And (4) concentration. The system neural network belongs to a multi-input single-output state. Running the program and finally outputting NO x And (5) predicting the concentration.
Actually measuring NO in the flue gas according to each area x The content is controlled in a partition mode, and the specific adjustment principle is as follows: NO x The area with large generation amount reduces the coal feeding amount, the secondary air amount, the limestone feeding amount and NO entering the area x And the region adjustment with less generation amount is opposite.
The coal feeding amount is adjusted according to the following principle: under the condition of constant coal feeding quantityMaking local difference adjustments, i.e. NO x In the region with relatively more generation amount, the coal supply amount is properly reduced; NO x In the area with relatively less generation amount, the coal supply amount is properly increased, and meanwhile, the total coal supply amount is ensured to be unchanged.
The regulation principle of limestone feeding quantity and secondary air quantity in the furnace is identical to coal feeding quantity, and its total quantity is kept unchanged, and in the region according to NO x The production quantity is adjusted separately.
The coal feeding amount of each area is adjusted through a weighing belt coal feeder, the limestone spraying amount is adjusted through adjusting the rotating speed of a rotary feeder, and the secondary air amount is adjusted through a throttle baffle switch on an air pipe.
The adjustment range of the coal feeding amount of each area is 0-35t/h, the increasing and decreasing amplitude of each time is 1t/h, and the difference value between the maximum coal feeding amount and the minimum coal feeding amount of each area is no more than 25t/h; the limestone adding amount in each zone furnace is adjusted within the range of 0-5t/h, the increasing and decreasing amplitude is 0.1t/h each time, and the difference value between the maximum amount and the minimum amount in each zone is no more than 3t/h; the adjusting range of the secondary air quantity of each area is 0-5 ten thousand Nm 3 Per hour, the increase and decrease amplitude is 0.1 ten thousand Nm 3 H, the difference between the maximum and the minimum in the area is not more than 3 ten thousand Nm 3 /h。
Due to NO in the flue gas x The production amount and the combustion temperature are closely related, so a zone control scheme is established according to the combustion temperature of each zone: and (4) performing arithmetic mean on the values obtained by the two thermometers in the area, and representing the combustion temperature in the area by using the value. If the combustion temperature of the region is within 950 ℃, taking 880 ℃ as a reference, if the combustion temperature of the region is higher than 880 ℃, reducing the corresponding coal feeding amount, if the combustion temperature is lower than 850 ℃, increasing the corresponding coal feeding amount, if the combustion temperature is between 850 ℃ and 880 ℃, not adjusting, wherein the adjustment range of the coal feeding amount is not more than 5t/h, and the increasing and decreasing amplitude of each time is 1 t/h; if the regional combustion temperature is higher than 950 ℃, the adjustment principle is the same, but the adjustment range of the coal feeding amount is not more than 10t/h, and the increasing and decreasing amplitude of each time is still 1t/h.
Actually measuring NO in the flue gas according to each area x The coal feeding amount is adjusted simultaneously by the content and the combustion temperature, and the adjustment results can be superposed.
When NO in the flue gas in the region x The yield is more than 55mg/Nm 3 As an auxiliary control means, a corresponding denitration spray gun can be put into the boiler to carry out denitration reaction, so that the total NO of the boiler is ensured x Discharge amount is less than 50mg/Nm 3 。
The automatic control method for the injection amount of the denitration urea in the area specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) To the region NO x The real-time measurement signature value is amplified by ten times, and then is delayed and filtered by a lead lag (leader Lag) module, so that frequent actions of a urea pneumatic adjusting door can be avoided.
(2) Treated NO x The real-time measurement signature value is processed by a 5-level leader Lag module and then summed, and then the average value is obtained, thereby obtaining NO x The signal is not subtracted. Based on the signal and NO x Magnitude of rate of change, formation of NO x Automatic increase and automatic decrease of two signals, in which NO x The amount of auto-increase and auto-decrease is determined by the active power through a function F (x) and then with NO x Is obtained by multiplying the deviation values of (a).
(3) The other path is to NO according to the change of the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the economizer x The influence of (d) is then converted into a function of active power, which is then used as part of the urea injection valve opening setting.
(4) The other path is a prediction output value from a partition prediction model, and the NO subjected to processing is x The difference between the index value and the predicted value is measured in real time, and the deviation is processed by a 5-level leader lag module, so that NO is obtained x And the deviation signal is converted into a function value of active power to be used as a corrected opening value of the urea injection valve.
(5) The last way is to add NO according to the limestone amount in the hearth area x The effect of (a) is also converted into a function of the real power as part of the urea injection valve opening setting.
(6) Summing the above 5 paths to obtain a set value of the opening degree of the urea injection valve, sending the deviation of the set value and the measured value of the valve position to a PID for operation, sending the calculated value to an execution mechanism, and then finely adjusting the opening degree of the urea injection regulating valve so as to achieve NO x The purpose of effective control of the concentration.
Claims (2)
1. A low-nitrogen combustion zone control method under the full load of a CFB boiler is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out region division on a rectangular CFB boiler furnace according to coal feeding ports, wherein each coal feeding port is divided into a region;
step 2: monitoring NO in each region according to conventional methods x Concentration, urea solution flow, zone oxygen concentration, zone bed temperature, coal feeding quantity, primary air quantity, secondary air quantity, limestone adding quantity, dense-phase zone average temperature and secondary air zone ammonia injection quantity data;
and step 3: collecting and storing the last 72 hours of NO in each area x Concentration, urea solution flow, zone oxygen concentration, zone bed temperature, coal feeding quantity, primary air quantity, secondary air quantity, limestone adding quantity, dense-phase zone average temperature and secondary air zone ammonia injection quantity data;
and 4, step 4: establishing NO by utilizing an algorithm based on machine learning according to the data collected in the step 3 x Prediction model of concentration for NO in each region x Predicting the concentration;
and 5: NO predicted according to step 4 x The concentration is adjusted, and the data collected in the step 3 are combined, and the controllable operation parameters in each area are finely adjusted;
the controllable operation parameters in the step 5 comprise coal feeding quantity, primary air quantity, secondary air area ammonia spraying quantity and limestone adding quantity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the rectangular CFB boiler furnace has an aspect ratio greater than 3.
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