CN113446078A - Carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system with deep cooling - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system with deep cooling Download PDFInfo
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 388
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
- F01K25/103—Carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K19/00—Regenerating or otherwise treating steam exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K19/02—Regenerating by compression
- F01K19/04—Regenerating by compression in combination with cooling or heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K9/00—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines
- F01K9/003—Plants characterised by condensers arranged or modified to co-operate with the engines condenser cooling circuits
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Abstract
A carbon dioxide waste heat power generation energy storage system with deep cooling comprises a carbon dioxide liquid storage tank, a carbon dioxide gas storage device, an energy storage assembly, an energy release assembly, a deep cooling assembly, a high-pressure liquid pump and a first throttling device; the high-pressure liquid pump is arranged at the outlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank; the energy storage assembly comprises at least two groups of compressors and coolers corresponding to the compressors one by one; the energy releasing assembly comprises at least two groups of expanders and heaters which correspond to the expanders one by one; the cryogenic heat exchange assembly comprises a cryogenic heat exchanger and a second throttling device; during energy storage, carbon dioxide is pressurized through multiple times of compression, the pressurized carbon dioxide is condensed and converted into liquid, and partial energy generated during compression is directly dissipated into the environment through an external cold source. When energy is to be released, carbon dioxide is evaporated and converted into a gaseous state, in the process, industrial or electric power waste heat is used for providing a heat source for the carbon dioxide, so that the carbon dioxide is evaporated, expands in the expansion machine and applies work to the outside, and the high-quality waste heat used by the part can greatly improve the power generation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide energy storage, in particular to a carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system with deep cooling.
Background
With the increasing emphasis on energy conservation and emission reduction, the energy storage technology is rapidly developed as an important means for smoothing the fluctuation of renewable energy, realizing the peak-load modulation and frequency modulation of the traditional power system and improving the grid-connected flexibility of the renewable energy. At present, the traditional energy storage technology comprises pumped storage, compressed air energy storage and electrochemical energy storage, wherein the pumped storage technology depends on specific geological conditions and needs enough water source; compressed air is used for storing energy, so that the energy storage efficiency is low and the energy density is low; electrochemical energy storage and the like have the limitations of scale and the like.
The carbon dioxide has good stability and rich stock due to the relatively moderate critical pressure (7.38MPa, 31 ℃); compared with the common inert gas, the carbon dioxide gas has the advantage of high density in a supercritical state, and the size of equipment in a power cycle can be effectively reduced; the carbon dioxide has good stability and physical properties, shows the properties of inert gas in a certain temperature range, has the characteristics of no toxicity, rich reserves, natural existence and the like, and has great prospect when being applied to the field of energy storage.
In summary, a new carbon dioxide waste heat power generation energy storage and application thereof are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system to solve one or more technical problems, and the system can fully utilize the existing waste heat resources, realize optimal matching, realize multi-stage energy storage and release and flexibly perform peak load shifting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system comprises a carbon dioxide liquid storage tank, a carbon dioxide gas storage device, an energy storage assembly, an energy release assembly, a cryogenic assembly, a high-pressure liquid pump and a first throttling device; the high-pressure liquid pump is arranged at the outlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank; the energy storage assembly comprises at least two groups of compressors and coolers corresponding to the compressors one by one; the energy releasing assembly comprises at least two groups of expanders and heaters which correspond to the expanders one by one; the cryogenic heat exchange assembly comprises a cryogenic heat exchanger and a second throttling device;
the outlet of each group of compressors of the energy storage assembly is provided with a corresponding cooler to form a compression cooling combination; the inlet of the compressor of the first-end compression cooling combination is communicated with the carbon dioxide gas storage device, the cooler of the first-end compression cooling combination is communicated with the inlet of the compressor of the next compression cooling combination, and the connection is carried out until the outlet of the cooler of the tail-end compression cooling combination is communicated with the inlet of the cryogenic heat exchanger, the outlet of the cryogenic heat exchanger is communicated with the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank, and heat storage is completed through the communication; in the energy storage process, the multistage compressor is driven by the motor to compress the carbon dioxide step by step, and the temperature of the carbon dioxide is reduced step by step after each stage of compression, so that the carbon dioxide is gradually pressurized, cooled and liquefied and then stored in the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank;
each group of heaters of the energy release assembly is arranged at the inlet of the corresponding expander to form a heating expansion group, and the heater inlet of the head end heating expansion group is communicated with the outlet of the high-pressure liquid pump; the outlet of the expander of the head heating expansion group is communicated with the inlet of the heater of the next heating expansion group, so that the head and the tail are connected, the outlets of the expanders of the tail heating expansion group are communicated with the carbon dioxide gas storage device, and the heat release is completed through the communication; in the energy releasing process, a multi-stage expansion machine is adopted to expand to do work externally, so that energy output is realized, and a generator is driven to generate electricity;
the port B of the cryogenic heat exchanger of the cryogenic heat exchange assembly is communicated with the inlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank; the second throttling device is arranged between the outlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank and the port C of the cryogenic heat exchanger; the D port of the cryogenic heat exchanger is communicated with the inlet of a compressor with the tail end compressed and cooled; the carbon dioxide cooled by the CD channel of the second cooler enters the AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger, meanwhile, the liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank enters the CD channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger after throttling, the carbon dioxide and the liquid carbon dioxide exchange heat, the carbon dioxide enters the AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger to be cooled again, finally enters the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank through the port B of the cryogenic heat exchanger, and meanwhile, the carbon dioxide in the CD channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger absorbs heat and then enters the compressor with the combination of compression and cooling at the tail end through the inlet of the compressor with the combination of compression and cooling at the tail end to perform heat storage circulation.
Further, the first throttling means is mounted at the outlet of the cooler of the head-end compression cooling combination.
Further, all the compressors are externally connected with motors; the compressor is used for compressing carbon dioxide, and the consumed energy is surplus electric energy of a power grid in a low-peak electricity utilization period or electric energy generated by renewable energy sources.
Furthermore, all the coolers are double-cold-source heat exchangers, heat generated in the process of the compressor is transferred to carbon dioxide to exchange heat with an external cold source medium when the carbon dioxide flows through the coolers, and then low-grade heat generated in the working process of the compressor is released to the environment through an external cold source.
Furthermore, all the expansion units are externally connected with a generator, and the generator is driven to generate electric energy to supplement power supply of a power grid in a peak period of power consumption by applying work through the expansion units in an energy release stage.
Furthermore, the heater is a double-cold-source heat exchanger, when high-pressure and low-temperature carbon dioxide flows through the cooler, high-quality waste heat of industry or electric power supplies heat for the carbon dioxide working medium to evaporate in the cooler, the high-pressure and low-temperature carbon dioxide is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, then the high-temperature and low-temperature carbon dioxide enters the expansion machine, expands in the expansion machine and applies work to the outside, energy output is achieved, and the generator is driven to generate electricity.
Furthermore, the carbon dioxide gas storage device is a gas storage bag with variable volume and stores carbon dioxide at normal temperature and normal pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system with deep cooling adopts supercritical carbon dioxide as a circulating medium, and combines a phase change heat transfer technology, so that the heat transfer temperature difference can be reduced, and the energy storage efficiency is improved; in addition, the system fully utilizes the existing waste heat resources, realizes optimal matching, has the advantages of large scale, high efficiency, low cost, environmental protection and the like, can convert unstable electric energy generated by renewable energy sources into stable and controllable high-quality electric energy, effectively solves the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment, and realizes large-scale consumption of renewable energy power generation. Secondly, the design of the cryogenic component realizes the complete liquefaction of carbon dioxide, and the system is more stable; meanwhile, the whole system can realize energy storage services such as power peak regulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, voltage support, rotary standby, emergency response and the like, and the efficiency, stability and safety of the power system are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first principle of the cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second principle of the cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a carbon dioxide liquid storage tank; 2. a carbon dioxide gas storage device; 31. a first cooler; 32. a second cooler; 3n, an nth cooler; 41. a first heater; 42. a second heater; 4m, m heater; 51. a first expander set; 52. a second expander set; 5m, m expansion machine set; 61. a first compressor; 62. a second compressor; 6n, n-th compression machine; 7. a high pressure liquid pump; 8. a first throttling device; 9. a cryogenic heat exchanger; 10. and a second throttling device.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents can be made in the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples or some of the technical features can be replaced. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system of the present invention includes a carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1, a carbon dioxide gas storage device 2, an energy storage assembly, an energy release assembly, a cryogenic heat exchange assembly, a high pressure liquid pump 7, and a first throttling device 8; the energy storage assembly comprises a first cooler 31, a second cooler 32, a first compressor 61 and a second compressor 62; the energy releasing assembly comprises a first heater 41, a second heater 42, a first expansion unit 51 and a second expansion unit 52; the cryogenic heat exchange assembly comprises a cryogenic heat exchanger 9 and a second throttling device 10.
The inlet of the first compressor 61 is communicated with the outlet of the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2; the outlet of the first compressor 61 is communicated with the D port of the first cooler 31; the port C of the first cooler 31 is communicated with the inlet of the first throttling device 8; the outlet of the first throttling device 8 is communicated with the inlet of the second compressor 62; the outlet of the second compressor 62 is communicated with the D port of the second cooler 32; a port C of the second cooler 32 is communicated with a port A of a cryogenic heat exchanger 9 of the cryogenic heat exchange assembly, and a port B of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1; heat storage is accomplished through the above communication. The above components constitute an energy storage portion.
A port B of a cryogenic heat exchanger 9 of the cryogenic heat exchange assembly is communicated with an inlet of a carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1, and a second throttling device 10 is arranged between a liquid carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 and a port C of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9; the D port of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 is communicated with the inlet of a second compressor 62; thus, carbon dioxide cooled by the CD channel of the second cooler 32 enters the AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9, meanwhile, liquid carbon dioxide in the cold in the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 enters the CD channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 after throttling, the two carry out heat exchange, carbon dioxide entering the AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 is cooled again, finally, carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 through the port B of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9, meanwhile, carbon dioxide in the CD channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 absorbs heat and then enters the second compressor 62 through the inlet of the second compressor 62 to carry out heat storage circulation.
An outlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 is communicated with an inlet of a high-pressure liquid pump 7, an outlet of the high-pressure liquid pump 7 is communicated with an A port of a first heater 41, and a B port of the first heater 41 is communicated with an inlet of a first expansion unit 51; an outlet of the first expander set 51 is communicated with an inlet A of the second heater 42, an outlet B of the second heater 42 is communicated with an inlet of the second expander set 52, and an outlet of the second expander set 52 is communicated with an inlet of the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2; the heat supply is completed by the above communication. The above components constitute an energy release portion.
The first compressor 61 and the second compressor 62 are externally connected with a motor. In the energy storage process, the compressor is used for compressing carbon dioxide, and the consumed energy can be surplus electric energy of a power grid in a power utilization low peak period or electric energy generated by renewable energy sources.
The AB channel of the first cooler 31 and the AB channel of the second cooler 32 are respectively communicated with an external cold source; the external cold source of the condenser can be air cooling, water cooling or other cold media and is used for cooling the carbon dioxide working medium compressed by the compressor.
The first expansion unit 51 and the second expansion unit 52 are externally connected with a generator, and the generator is driven by the expansion unit to work in the energy release stage to generate electric energy for supplementing power supply of a power grid in the peak period of power consumption.
The CD channel of the first heater 41 and the CD channel of the second heater 42 are respectively communicated with an external waste heat source; the waste heat source can be waste heat from a thermal power plant, a steel plant, a cement plant, a chemical plant, a nuclear power plant and the like or renewable energy with a heat source.
The carbon dioxide gas storage device 2 is a gas storage bag with variable volume and stores carbon dioxide at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the gas storage bag can be an elastic or inelastic film air bag. When carbon dioxide is charged, the volume of the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2 is increased, and when carbon dioxide flows out, the volume of the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2 is reduced, so that the constancy of the pressure in the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2 is realized.
Therefore, the cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 and the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2 which are respectively used for storing high-pressure carbon dioxide liquid and normal-temperature normal-pressure carbon dioxide gas, so that the system forms a closed energy storage system, on one hand, the carbon dioxide working medium can be recycled, and on the other hand, the emission of greenhouse gases to the environment is avoided. Carbon dioxide only changes between gaseous state and liquid, and in carbon dioxide gas storage device 2, carbon dioxide is in the gaseous state of normal atmospheric temperature, compares in the conventional energy storage energy release that carries out through supercritical carbon dioxide, and the requirement to carbon dioxide gas storage device 2 is lower in this embodiment, need not to set up the comparatively complicated liquid storage device of low pressure of structure, can reduce cost to a certain extent.
Referring to fig. 2, compared with fig. 1, in the cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system of the present invention, the energy storage assembly includes a plurality of compressors 61-6 n and coolers 31-3 n corresponding to the compressors 61-6 n one to one, where n is greater than or equal to 2; the energy release assembly comprises a plurality of groups of expansion units 51-5 m and heaters 41-4 m corresponding to the expansion units one by one, wherein m is more than or equal to 2.
The inlet of the first compressor 61 of the energy storage assembly is communicated with the outlet of the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2; the outlet of the first compressor 61 is communicated with the D port of the first cooler 31; the port C of the first cooler 31 is communicated with the inlet of the first throttling device 8; the outlet of the first throttling device 8 is communicated with the inlet of the second compressor 62; the outlet of the second compressor 62 is communicated with the D port of the second cooler 32; the port C of the second cooler 32 communicates with the inlet of the compressor of the next stage, and the outlet of the compressor of the next stage communicates with the corresponding inlet of the cooler, so that the outlets up to the nth compressor 6n communicate with the port D of the nth cooler 3 n; the C mouth of nth cooler 3n with the A mouth intercommunication of cryrogenic heat exchanger 9 of cryrogenic heat transfer subassembly, the B mouth and the carbon dioxide liquid storage pot 1 intercommunication of cryrogenic heat exchanger 9 of cryrogenic heat transfer subassembly, the energy storage in-process compresses carbon dioxide step by step through motor drive multistage compressor like this to cool down step by step after every compression, make carbon dioxide pressure boost cooling liquefaction store in carbon dioxide liquid storage pot 1 gradually. The process can realize the conversion of carbon dioxide from a gas state to a liquid state by using surplus electric power output by a power plant or electric energy generated by renewable energy sources during the electricity consumption valley period, and the energy is stored. The coolers 31-3 n are double-cold-source heat exchangers, when heat generated in the process of the compressor transfers carbon dioxide to flow through CD channels of the coolers 31-3 n, external cold source media are introduced into AB channels of the coolers 31-3 n to exchange heat with carbon dioxide working media, and then the external cold source media are released into the environment.
A high-pressure liquid pump 7 is communicated between the port A of the first heater 41 of the energy release assembly and the outlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1, and the port B of the first heater 41 is communicated with the inlet of the first expansion unit 51; the outlet of the first expansion unit 51 is communicated with the port A of the second heater 42, the port B of the second heater 42 is communicated with the inlet of the second expansion unit 52, the outlet of the second expansion unit 52 is communicated with the inlet of the next-stage heater until the port B of the mth heater 4m is communicated with the inlet of the mth expansion unit 5m, and the outlet of the mth expansion unit 5m is communicated with the inlet of the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2, so that a multi-stage expansion machine is used for driving and connecting a generator in the energy release process. The process can release stored energy during peak periods of electricity usage for supplementing the grid supply; the heaters 41-4 m are double-cold-source heat exchangers, when high-pressure low-temperature carbon dioxide flows through the AB channels of the heaters 41-4 m, waste heat is introduced into CD channels of the heaters 41-4 m to provide heat for carbon dioxide working media to evaporate, the high-pressure low-temperature carbon dioxide is changed into high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide, then the high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide enters the expansion machine, expands in the expansion machine and applies work to the outside, energy output is achieved, and the generator is driven to generate electricity.
During energy storage, carbon dioxide is pressurized through multiple times of compression, the pressurized carbon dioxide is condensed and converted into liquid, and partial energy generated during compression is directly dissipated into the environment through an external cold source. When energy is to be released, carbon dioxide is evaporated and converted into a gaseous state, in the process, industrial or electric power waste heat is used for providing a heat source for the carbon dioxide, so that the carbon dioxide is evaporated, expands in the expansion machine and applies work to the outside, and the high-quality waste heat used by the part can greatly improve the power generation efficiency.
The invention consists of three modes of energy storage, deep cooling and energy release. In the energy storage process: gaseous carbon dioxide in a normal temperature and normal pressure state flows out of the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2 and flows to the first compressor 61 through a pipeline, and surplus electric energy in the peak-valley period of a power grid or electric energy generated by renewable energy sources drives the first compressor 61 to work through a motor; the gaseous carbon dioxide is compressed for the first time by the first compressor 61, increasing its pressure; during compression, heat is generated, raising the temperature of the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide compressed by the first compressor 61 flows to the DC channel of the first cooler 31 through a pipe, transfers heat generated during the compression to the external heat source medium of the AB channel of the first cooler 31, and is then released to the environment through the external heat source medium. Meanwhile, the carbon dioxide flowing out of the first cooler 31 flows to the second compressor 62 through a pipeline, and the electric energy generated by the surplus electric energy or the renewable energy source in the peak-valley period of the power grid drives the second compressor 62 to work through the motor, and is compressed for the second time through the second compressor 62, so that the pressure of the second compressor is further increased. During compression, heat is generated, raising the temperature of the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide is compressed by the second compressor 62, flows to the DC channel of the second cooler 32 through a pipe, transfers heat generated during compression to the external cold source medium of the AB channel of the second cooler 32, and is then released to the environment through the external cold source medium; meanwhile, the carbon dioxide flowing out of the second cooler 32 flows to the next stage of compressor through a pipeline to be compressed, and circulates until the nth compressor 6n, and the electric energy generated by the surplus electric energy or the renewable energy source in the peak-valley period of the power grid drives the nth compressor 6n to work through the motor, and is compressed for the nth time through the nth compressor 6n, so that the pressure of the nth compressor is further increased. During compression, heat is generated, raising the temperature of the carbon dioxide. After being compressed by the nth compressor 6n, the carbon dioxide flows to the DC channel of the nth cooler 3n through a pipeline, transfers the heat generated during compression to the external cold source medium of the AB channel of the nth cooler 3n, and then is released to the environment through the external cold source medium; after heat exchange is realized, high-pressure liquid or gas-liquid mixed carbon dioxide flows to the AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline, the high-pressure liquid or gas-liquid mixed carbon dioxide is converted into high-pressure low-temperature liquid carbon dioxide through condensation of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9, and the liquid carbon dioxide flows into the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 through the pipeline to complete an energy storage process.
In the deep cooling process: in the energy storage process, liquefied carbon dioxide flows into an AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 through a pipeline by the aid of the terminal cooler, meanwhile, liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 enters a CD channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 after throttling, the liquefied carbon dioxide and the CD channel exchange heat, the carbon dioxide enters the AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 to be cooled again, finally, the carbon dioxide enters the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 through a port B of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9, meanwhile, the carbon dioxide of the CD channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger 9 absorbs heat and then is mixed into the terminal compressor through an inlet of the terminal compressor, and energy storage circulation is carried out in the energy storage process.
In the process of energy release: high-pressure liquid carbon dioxide is pumped out from the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank 1 through a high-pressure liquid pump and enters an AB channel of the first heater 41 through a pipeline, meanwhile, high-quality industrial or electric power waste heat is introduced into a CD channel of the first heater 41 to provide evaporating heat for an AB channel carbon dioxide working medium of the first heater 41, the high-pressure low-temperature carbon dioxide is changed into high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide, then the high-pressure high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide enters the first expander 51 through the pipeline, and the high-pressure high-temperature high-pressure carbon dioxide expands in the first expander 51 and acts outwards to realize energy output and drive a generator to generate electricity. After flowing out from the first expander 51, the carbon dioxide flows to the AB channel of the second heater 42 through the pipeline, meanwhile, the CD channel of the second heater 42 introduces high-quality industrial or electric power waste heat to provide evaporating heat for the AB channel carbon dioxide working medium of the second heater 42, the carbon dioxide absorbs the part of heat, the temperature is raised, the high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide enters the second expander 52 through the pipeline, expands in the second expander 52 and does work outwards, the energy output is realized, and the generator is driven to generate electricity. Therefore, the high-quality industrial or electric power waste heat is introduced into the CD channel of the mth heater 4m to provide the heat for evaporating the carbon dioxide working medium of the AB channel of the mth heater 4m, the carbon dioxide absorbs the part of the heat, the temperature is increased, the high-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide enters the nth expander 5m through the pipeline, expands in the nth expander 5m and does work outwards to realize energy output to drive the generator to generate electricity, and finally the carbon dioxide directly enters the carbon dioxide gas storage device 2 after flowing out of the nth expander 5m, so that the energy release process is completed.
The cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system can be used for matching with a power grid to realize peak clipping and valley filling and power grid frequency modulation, and can be used for thermal power plants, steel plants, nuclear power plants and the like with waste heat, units with large demand on power capacity and renewable energy sources with heat sources. For areas rich in renewable energy sources, the cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system can be matched with a renewable energy power plant to increase the utilization rate of the renewable energy sources, and the purpose of saving the energy sources is achieved.
The power generation and energy storage system with the cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat has the advantages that: the supercritical carbon dioxide is used as a circulating medium, and a phase change heat transfer technology is combined, so that the heat transfer temperature difference can be reduced, and the energy storage efficiency is improved; in addition, the system fully utilizes the existing waste heat resources, realizes optimal matching, has the advantages of large scale, high efficiency, low cost, environmental protection and the like, can convert unstable electric energy generated by renewable energy sources into stable and controllable high-quality electric energy, effectively solves the problems of wind abandonment and light abandonment, and realizes large-scale consumption of renewable energy power generation. Meanwhile, energy storage services such as power peak regulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, voltage support, rotary standby, emergency response and the like can be realized, and the efficiency, stability and safety of a power system are improved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a take cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat electricity generation energy storage system which characterized in that: the system comprises a carbon dioxide liquid storage tank, a carbon dioxide gas storage device, an energy storage assembly, an energy release assembly, a deep cooling assembly, a high-pressure liquid pump and a first throttling device; the high-pressure liquid pump is arranged at the outlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank; the energy storage assembly comprises at least two groups of compressors and coolers corresponding to the compressors one by one; the energy releasing assembly comprises at least two groups of expanders and heaters which correspond to the expanders one by one; the cryogenic heat exchange assembly comprises a cryogenic heat exchanger and a second throttling device;
the outlet of each group of compressors of the energy storage assembly is provided with a corresponding cooler to form a compression cooling combination; the inlet of the compressor of the first-end compression cooling combination is communicated with the carbon dioxide gas storage device, the cooler of the first-end compression cooling combination is communicated with the inlet of the compressor of the next compression cooling combination, and the connection is carried out until the outlet of the cooler of the tail-end compression cooling combination is communicated with the inlet of the cryogenic heat exchanger, the outlet of the cryogenic heat exchanger is communicated with the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank, and heat storage is completed through the communication; in the energy storage process, the multistage compressor is driven by the motor to compress the carbon dioxide step by step, and the temperature of the carbon dioxide is reduced step by step after each stage of compression, so that the carbon dioxide is gradually pressurized, cooled and liquefied and then stored in the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank;
each group of heaters of the energy release assembly is arranged at the inlet of the corresponding expander to form a heating expansion group, and the heater inlet of the head end heating expansion group is communicated with the outlet of the high-pressure liquid pump; the outlet of the expander of the head heating expansion group is communicated with the inlet of the heater of the next heating expansion group, so that the head and the tail are connected, the outlets of the expanders of the tail heating expansion group are communicated with the carbon dioxide gas storage device, and the heat release is completed through the communication; in the energy releasing process, a multi-stage expansion machine is adopted to expand to do work externally, so that energy output is realized, and a generator is driven to generate electricity;
the port B of the cryogenic heat exchanger of the cryogenic heat exchange assembly is communicated with the inlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank; the second throttling device is arranged between the outlet of the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank and the port C of the cryogenic heat exchanger; the D port of the cryogenic heat exchanger is communicated with the inlet of a compressor with the tail end compressed and cooled; the carbon dioxide cooled by the CD channel of the second cooler enters the AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger, meanwhile, the liquid carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank enters the CD channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger after throttling, the carbon dioxide and the liquid carbon dioxide exchange heat, the carbon dioxide enters the AB channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger to be cooled again, finally enters the carbon dioxide liquid storage tank through the port B of the cryogenic heat exchanger, and meanwhile, the carbon dioxide in the CD channel of the cryogenic heat exchanger absorbs heat and then enters the compressor with the combination of compression and cooling at the tail end through the inlet of the compressor with the combination of compression and cooling at the tail end to perform heat storage circulation.
2. The cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first throttling means is mounted at the outlet of the cooler of the head-end compression cooling combination.
3. The cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: all the compressors are externally connected with motors; the compressor is used for compressing carbon dioxide, and the consumed energy is surplus electric energy of a power grid in a low-peak electricity utilization period or electric energy generated by renewable energy sources.
4. The cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: all the coolers are double cold source heat exchangers, heat exchange is carried out between the heat generated in the compression process and an external cold source medium when carbon dioxide is transferred to flow through the coolers, and then low-grade heat generated in the working process of the compressor is discharged into the environment through the external cold source.
5. The cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: all the expansion units are externally connected with a generator, and the expander does work to drive the generator to generate electric energy to supplement power supply of a power grid in a peak period of power consumption in an energy release stage.
6. The cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heater is a double-cold-source heat exchanger, when high-pressure and low-temperature carbon dioxide flows through the cooler, high-quality waste heat of industry or electric power provides evaporating heat for the carbon dioxide working medium in the cooler, the high-pressure and low-temperature carbon dioxide is changed into high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, then the high-temperature and low-temperature carbon dioxide enters the expansion machine, expands in the expansion machine and applies work to the outside, energy output is realized, and the generator is driven to generate electricity.
7. The cryogenic carbon dioxide waste heat power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the carbon dioxide gas storage device is a gas storage bag with variable volume and stores carbon dioxide at normal temperature and normal pressure.
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| CN114320504B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-09-13 | 西安交通大学 | Liquid transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system and method |
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