CN113445917A - Implementation method of large-diameter life-saving hole - Google Patents
Implementation method of large-diameter life-saving hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN113445917A CN113445917A CN202110884937.XA CN202110884937A CN113445917A CN 113445917 A CN113445917 A CN 113445917A CN 202110884937 A CN202110884937 A CN 202110884937A CN 113445917 A CN113445917 A CN 113445917A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
- E21B7/208—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes using down-hole drives
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/02—Rod or cable suspensions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
- E21B37/02—Scrapers specially adapted therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method, which comprises the steps of preparing before drilling, searching the underground position of trapped personnel, determining a rescue point on the ground, determining drilling equipment, and carrying and installing drilling equipment to the rescue point; drilling, starting a drilling tool, driving a drill bit to rotate through a drill rod, and applying pressure to the drill bit to drill a life saving hole; cementing, namely, setting a casing in the drilled life hole, and injecting cement slurry between the casing and the well wall so as to fix the casing; the implementation method of the large-diameter life-saving hole can quickly drill the hole, has the characteristics of high welding strength, good verticality and convenience in construction of the running sleeve, quickly discharges the pipe, and is suitable for life-saving hole construction in mine rescue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of life-saving hole drilling processes, in particular to a large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method.
Background
Nowadays, with the development of mining engineering, shallow resources are less and less, so the depth and the scale of underground mining are gradually enlarged, and the environment of underground mining is more and more complex; despite the increasing standardization of mining safety measures, accidents still occur, which not only cause great economic loss, but also trap mining workers in the well.
In order to help trapped people as soon as possible, drilling rescue is increasingly emphasized and is more frequently adopted; particularly, under the condition that underground hazards cannot be eliminated in a short time, rescue is carried out by arranging a large-diameter lifesaving hole on the ground, so that the method becomes the most effective means for rescuing underground trapped people.
The publication No. CN112252984A discloses a construction method of a large-aperture drilling hole, which adopts a directional drilling process to drill a guide hole, then a casing is put in and is fastened and blocked by cement slurry, and finally a slurry removing part in the casing is cleaned; but it is not suitable for accident rescue, and the verticality and connection strength of the lower casing are not high
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the implementation method of the large-diameter life-saving hole is provided, the hole is formed rapidly, and the sleeve is high in welding strength and good in verticality.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for implementing a large-diameter life-saving hole comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before drilling
Searching the underground position of the trapped personnel, determining a rescue point on the ground, determining drilling equipment, and carrying and installing the drilling equipment to the rescue point;
s2, drilling
Starting a drilling tool, driving a drill bit to rotate through a drill rod, and applying pressure to the drill bit to drill a life-saving hole;
s3, cementing
A sleeve is put into the drilled life hole, and cement slurry is injected between the sleeve and the well wall, so that the sleeve is fixed;
the specific working process of casing running comprises the following steps:
s31, air drilling is carried out on the large-diameter life-saving hole by adopting a down-the-hole hammer, when slurry does not exist in the hole and a buoyancy plug cannot be used, the lifting capacity of the equipment is larger than the total weight of a casing to be placed, and the lifting capacity of a crane or a drilling machine for lowering the casing is at least two times of the total weight of the casing;
s32, after drilling in place, adopting an original set of drilling tool assembly to carry out up-down hole following, observing a tension meter, repeatedly sweeping the hole along the blocked position of the hole until the hole is smooth, and normally lowering the pipe along the hole if the hole is smooth; checking that the number, the type and the strength of the sleeves meet the design requirements, numbering and measuring according to the sequence of the manhole, and making records;
s33, each sleeve is provided with a group of symmetrical lifting eyelets and a group of symmetrical seating eyelets, and the lifting eyelets are located above the seating eyelets;
s34, the lifting rod penetrates through the lifting eyelet of the first casing pipe and is hung on a crane or a drilling machine, the first casing pipe is pulled up and is placed into the drill hole through the crane or the drilling machine, and the sitting bar penetrates through the sitting eyelet and is transversely placed on the orifice platform when the orifice is close to;
s35, pulling up the second casing pipe by the method, butting the lower opening of the second casing pipe with the upper opening of the first casing pipe, ensuring the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe to be vertical and consistent by a plumb line, and then welding and filling the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe;
s36, after welding, lifting the first sleeve and the second sleeve by using a crane or a drilling machine, drawing out the bearing bar, and welding and leveling the bearing eyelet and the lifting eyelet of the first sleeve by using the original circular sleeve piece;
and S37, lowering the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe, penetrating the seating bar through the seating hole of the second casing pipe, and repeating the operation until all the casing pipes are completely lowered.
The advantages are that: the implementation method of the invention can rapidly drill holes, and meanwhile, the running sleeve has the characteristics of high welding strength, good verticality and convenient construction, and the pipe can be quickly discharged, thus being suitable for life-saving hole construction in mine rescue.
Preferably, a lifting device is fixedly mounted on the drilling machine or the crane in the step S34, the lifting device is of an inverted T-shaped structure and comprises a main drill rod and wing walls, and the two wing walls are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower end of the main drill rod; one ends of the two wing walls far away from the main body drill rod are fixedly provided with limiting blocks;
when the sleeve is pulled, the upper ends of the two iron chains are respectively arranged on the two wing walls, and the lower ends of the two iron chains are respectively arranged at the two ends of the lifting rod.
Preferably, in step S1, the method for ensuring vertical drilling of the large-diameter life-saving hole is as follows:
on the foundation installed on the drilling machine, commercial concrete and broken stone materials are adopted, and repeated rolling and leveling are carried out to enhance the supporting strength and the flatness of the foundation;
when the drilling machine is installed, the horizontal ruler is used for leveling horizontally and straightening vertically, and the multi-position repeated calibration ensures that the drilling machine is completely vertical when being lifted naturally;
designing a drilling structure, and determining parameters of the down-the-hole hammer according to the drilling structure; determining the mode of the drilling tool assembly according to the down-the-hole hammer parameters;
setting drilling pressure, rotating speed and air quantity drilling numerical values to ensure that parameters are unchanged in the operation process; drilling is started.
Preferably, in step S2, a slurry gas lift reverse circulation pore-forming method is used:
designing a drilling structure, and determining the size of a drill rod and a drilling machine with a double-wall power head;
according to the size of the drill rod, determining a drilling tool combination mode: the method comprises the following steps of (1) a roller bit rod, a gas-water mixed joint, a centralizer, a double-wall drill collar and a double-wall drill rod;
communicating a gas inlet of the double-wall drill rod with an air compressor, and enabling a gas outlet to be positioned above the mud pit;
and drilling in a mud gas lift reverse circulation mode.
Preferably, the mud gas lift reverse circulation mode is specifically operated as follows:
the air compressor conveys high-pressure air to the air inlet of the double-wall drill rod, then the air goes down in the annulus of the double-wall drill rod, the high-pressure air enters the inner pipe of the double-wall drill rod through the high-pressure air outlet on the air-water mixing joint, the specific gravity of the slurry above the high-pressure air outlet is reduced due to the fact that air is mixed into the slurry, negative pressure is formed for the slurry of the drill rod and the hole wall, therefore, the slurry carries drilling slag to go upwards from the inside of the drill rod and is finally discharged from a slag outlet, the slurry carries the drilling slag to continuously enter a drilling tool from a bottom opening of the drill rod and is discharged into a slurry pool, and the slurry in the slurry pool is supplied through a gap between a slurry through hole and the double-wall drill rod, so that a loop is formed.
Preferably, in the air reverse circulation drilling process, a choke device is further arranged and comprises a tray, a choke ring rubber plate and a pressing plate;
the tray is fixedly sleeved on the double-wall short section, the choke ring rubber plate is sleeved on the double-wall short section and fixedly installed on the tray, and the pressure plate is sleeved on the double-wall short section and fixedly installed on the choke ring rubber plate;
the choke ring rubber plate comprises a large rubber mat and a small rubber mat, and the large rubber mat and the small rubber mat are sequentially arranged on the tray.
Preferably, in step S2, the processing method when the burping occurs is:
cutting a hole 1m above the bottom opening of the slag discharge pipe, and welding a high-pressure rubber pipe joint at the cut hole;
the manufactured slag discharge pipe and the high-pressure rubber pipe are put into the annular space of the buried drilling tool and the drilled hole and are positioned above the silting surface;
connecting a high-pressure rubber pipe to an air compressor, wherein the air pressure of the air compressor is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of slurry at the depth of the buried drill, and connecting a slag discharge pipe to a slag discharge pool;
a drill rod is put into the position above the silting surface, and the upper opening of the drill rod is connected to a slurry pump;
starting an air compressor to supply air and discharge slag, and starting a slurry pump to pump slurry into the hole to stir sediment after 5 minutes to form a water flow stirring area;
when the slag is discharged by compressed air, the drill rod, the slag discharge pipe and the high-pressure rubber pipe are slowly lowered at the same time, and the bottom opening of the slag discharge pipe is always higher than that of the drill rod;
at intervals, the buried drill tool is tried to be lifted up, and the process is repeated until the buried drill tool can be pulled.
Preferably, in step S2, a hole wall cleaning device is provided, which includes a short section, a first drill bit and a second drill bit;
the first drill bit and the second drill bit are fixedly arranged on the short section, and the first drill bit is positioned below the second drill bit; the distance between the first drill bit and the second drill bit is greater than the length of a single hole sweeping section;
the lower disc surfaces of the first drill bit and the second drill bit are provided with a plurality of scrapers, and the scrapers are dispersedly arranged on the edge of the lower disc surface.
Preferably, the anti-jamming device further comprises an anti-jamming structure and a front guide post, wherein the anti-jamming structure is four straight triangular steel plates, and two right-angle sides of the anti-jamming structure are respectively fixed with the upper disc surface and the short section of the first drill bit; one end of the inclined plane is positioned at the edge of the upper disc surface;
the front guide post is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower end face of the first drill bit.
Preferably, an orifice protection device is further provided, and comprises a cover plate and a counter-pull circular plate;
a second round hole is formed in the center of the opposite-pulling circular plate, the opposite-pulling circular plate is composed of a first semicircular plate and a second semicircular plate which are symmetrically arranged, the first semicircular plate is rotationally connected with the cover plate, and the second semicircular plate is rotationally connected with the cover plate; the cover plate is provided with a first round hole matched with the opposite-pulling circular plate; and lifting handles are arranged around the cover plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the implementation method of the invention can rapidly drill holes, and meanwhile, the running sleeve has the characteristics of high welding strength, good verticality and convenient construction, and the pipe can be quickly discharged, thus being suitable for life-saving hole construction in mine rescue;
(2) when the drilling machine drills, the mud gas lift reverse circulation mode is quickly switched to, so that a large amount of time can be saved, and the labor intensity is reduced;
(3) when the method is used for preparation before drilling, the foundation of the drilling machine is arranged to be smooth and firm, and the drilling machine is installed to ensure that the drilling machine is in a vertical state when naturally lowering.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working state of a mud gas lift reverse circulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a choke apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the working state of the method for burying drill according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a hole wall cleaning device of a life-saving hole according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a pulling apparatus for use in a casing running method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a split cover plate in an orifice shield apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, when closed;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the orifice guard according to the embodiment of the present invention when the pull-away cover is opened.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention for those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the drawings attached to the specification.
The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
The embodiment discloses a method for implementing a large-diameter life-saving hole, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before drilling
Searching the underground position of the trapped personnel, determining a rescue point on the ground, determining drilling equipment, and carrying and installing the drilling equipment to the rescue point;
s2, drilling
Starting a drilling tool, driving a drill bit to rotate through a drill rod, and applying pressure to the drill bit to drill a life-saving hole;
s3, cementing
And (3) setting a casing in the drilled life hole, and injecting cement slurry between the casing and the well wall so as to fix the casing.
In the process of preparing before drilling at S1, the drilling tool can keep vertical drilling through the following operations:
on the foundation installed on the drilling machine, commercial concrete and broken stone materials are adopted, and repeated rolling and leveling are carried out to enhance the supporting strength and the flatness of the foundation;
when the drilling machine is installed, the horizontal ruler is used for leveling horizontally and straightening vertically, and the multi-position repeated calibration ensures that the drilling machine is completely vertical when being lifted naturally;
designing a drilling structure, and determining parameters of the down-the-hole hammer 100 according to the drilling structure;
determining the mode of the drilling tool assembly according to the down-the-hole hammer parameters;
setting drilling pressure, rotating speed and air quantity drilling numerical values to ensure that parameters are unchanged in the operation process;
drilling is started.
Taking the collapse accident of the Shandong Pingyi gypsum mine as an example, the specific vertical drilling method of the 5# large-diameter lifesaving hole is as follows:
backfilling a gravel layer with the thickness of 300mm in a drilling rig site, pouring C30 commercial concrete, and leveling by adopting a horizontal ruler; the rig mounting port platform is leveled horizontally and the rig mast is vertically straightened, which ensures that it is in a vertical position when in the natural down position.
The structure of designing the large-aperture lifesaving hole is as follows: the hole depth is 0-170m, the hole diameter is phi 711mm, thus adopting a Hyper241 type down-the-hole hammer, the diameter of the hammer head is phi 711mm, and the diameter of the hammer body is phi 533 mm.
The design of the drilling tool combination is mainly considered from deviation prevention and straight maintenance, firstly, the weight-added drilling tools are added, and the number of the weight-added drilling tools is increased to 4, and is increased by nearly 3 tons; secondly, the length of the centralizing drill is increased, and the total length is 11.46 m; thirdly, the diameter of the drill bit assembly for centralizing is increased, the grade difference between centralizing and a drill bit is reduced as much as possible, and a drill bit with phi 711mm is additionally provided with a centralizer with phi 680 mm;
the drilling tool combination specifically comprises: the drill rod comprises a down-the-hole hammer with phi 711 hammer heads, a shock absorber, a positive and negative connector, a phi 740 wind resistance ring, four phi 680 centralizers and a plurality of phi 219/168mm double-wall drill rods which are sequentially connected from bottom to top.
Drilling parameters are determined, mainly considering the vertical drilling and considering the drilling efficiency:
bit pressure, setting the bit pressure to be 2-5t, wherein the bit pressure does not exceed 2/3 of the weight of the weighted drilling tool generally, and the total weight of the weighted drilling tool is 10 t;
the rotating speed is generally controlled to be 10-15r/min during actual construction;
the air quantity of the Hyper241 type down-the-hole hammer 100 works under the action of high-pressure air of 7-15.5 bar, so 3-5 air compressors with the service life of 900XHH/1150XH are needed.
During actual construction, three shifts of alternate operation are adopted, each shift refers to the drilling parameters, slow drilling is performed under light pressure, and the three shifts of operation parameters are ensured to be consistent.
Referring to fig. 1, in step S2, the present embodiment adopts a slurry gas lift reverse circulation hole forming method, which includes the following operations:
designing a drilling structure, and determining the size of a drill bit 1 and a drilling machine with a double-wall power head 4;
determining a drilling tool combination mode according to the size of the drill bit 1;
connecting an air inlet 31 of the double-wall drill rod 3 with an air compressor;
and drilling in a mud gas lift reverse circulation mode.
Taking the construction of No. 5 large-caliber lifesaving holes of Shandong Pingyi gypsum mine as an example, after a phi 711mm air down-the-hole hammer is adopted to drill reversely to the hole depth of 170.10m at the upper part and a phi 610 x 10mm seamless steel pipe is put into the seamless steel pipe, phi 565mm is selected as the next-stage hole diameter, a phi 565mm reverse circulation roller bit 1 is selected, and mud gas lift reverse circulation drilling is adopted to drill a hole, so that an RB-T90 drilling machine with a double-wall top drive power head 4 is also needed to be added, and meanwhile, in order to avoid time waste caused by replacing the power head 4, a double-wall power head 4 and a double-wall drill rod 3 are selected to be directly converted into mud gas lift reverse circulation, so that the power head 4 does not need to be replaced, a large amount of time is saved, and the labor intensity is reduced;
specifically, the drilling tool assembly mode adopted is as follows: 1 part of a phi 565mm roller bit, a gas-water mixing joint 2+ a phi 545mm centralizer, a phi 279mm double-wall drill collar, a phi 545mm centralizer, a phi 279mm double-wall drill collar and a phi 219/168mm double-wall drill rod 3.
For the double-wall drill rod 3, the mud gas lift reverse circulation, the sinking ratio is the ratio of the length of the part of the drilling tool above the gas-water mixing joint 2 to the total length of the drilling tool, therefore, the sinking ratio is determined by the position of the gas-water mixing joint 2, and generally, the sinking ratio is at least greater than 0.5 to be effectively carried out, the larger the sinking ratio is, the higher the working efficiency is, along with the increase of the drilling depth, the corresponding increase of the sinking ratio can be carried out, at the moment, the required output pressure of the air compressor can be increased, in the embodiment, a 900XHH/1150XH life force double-working-condition air compressor is selected, and the technical parameters are as follows: pressure of 2.4-3.4 MPa and air quantity of 25.5m3/min-32.6m3And/min. When the position of the air-water mixing joint 2 is adjusted upwards before the highest allowable pressure of the equipment is close to, under the general condition, the pressure of an air compressor is 2.4MPa, and the deepest depth of the air-water mixing joint 2 is not more than 200 m.
Referring to fig. 2, in step S2, in order to ensure that the drilling tool can drill quickly, an air reverse circulation choke device is designed, which comprises a tray 6, a choke ring rubber plate 8 and a pressure plate 7;
The wind resistance ring rubber plate 8 is sleeved on the double-wall short section 9 and is fixedly installed on the tray 6, the pressure plate 7 is fixedly installed above the wind resistance ring rubber plate 8, the wind resistance ring rubber plate 8 is tightly pressed under the combined action of the pressure plate 7 and the tray 6, and therefore the wind resistance ring rubber plate 8 can keep good sealing performance, and a drill bit can be ensured to be drilled quickly.
Meanwhile, the pressure plate 7, the choke ring rubber plate 8 and the tray 6 are fastened in a bolt and nut fastening mode, and the head of a bolt is arranged downwards; in general, double nuts are adopted for anti-loosening fastening, the heads of the bolts are arranged below the tray 6, and the nuts are arranged above the pressure plate 7, so that the nuts can be prevented from falling into the air, and meanwhile, the adjustment and the fastening are convenient.
The wind resistance ring rubber plate 8 is made of high polymer materials with high strength, high toughness and good wear resistance, so that the strength of the wind resistance ring rubber plate 8 is enhanced.
The wind resistance ring rubber plate 8 comprises 4 large rubber mats 81 and 3 small rubber mats 82, the large rubber mats 81 and the small rubber mats 82 are sequentially arranged on the tray 6 according to the modes of the large rubber mats 81, the small rubber mats 82 and the large rubber mats 81, and the thicknesses of the large rubber mats 81 and the small rubber mats 82 are both 20 mm;
according to the bore diameter of the drilling, the diameters of the small rubber pad 82, the large rubber pad 81, the tray 6 and the pressure plate 7 are determined, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the diameter of the small rubber pad 82 is the same as the bore diameter of the drill hole, the diameter of the large rubber pad 81 is 1.1 times of the bore diameter of the drill hole, and the diameters of the tray 6 and the pressure plate 7 are both 0.9 times of the bore diameter of the drill hole; through the size setting, the large rubber pad 81 and the small rubber pad 82 keep coordinated deformation under the fixation of the tray 6 and the pressure plate 7, and the sealing performance of the wind blocking device is further ensured.
Before drilling, the choke device is assembled, firstly, 4 large rubber pads 81 and 3 small rubber pads 82 of the choke ring rubber plate 8 are sequentially arranged on a tray 6 integrally arranged with a double-wall short section 9, then the tray 6 is pressed on the choke ring rubber plate 8, then bolts are used for penetrating the tray 6, the choke ring rubber plate 8 and a pressure plate 7 from bottom to top, then the choke ring rubber plate is fastened by nuts, the choke device is assembled, then the choke ring rubber plate is arranged in a drilling tool, when a drill bit drills, the large rubber pads 81 are coordinately deformed, the small rubber pads 82 are tightly attached to the hole diameter of the drilled hole, and the choke device can block rock debris.
Referring to fig. 3, during the drilling process of the drilling tool, when a burial accident occurs, the drill slag is rapidly cleaned by:
cutting a hole 1m above the bottom opening of the slag discharge pipe 20, and welding a joint of a high-pressure rubber hose 30 at the cut hole;
the well-made slag discharge pipe 20 and the high-pressure rubber pipe 30 are put into the annular space of the buried drilling tool and the drilled hole and are positioned above the silting surface;
connecting the high-pressure rubber pipe 30 to an air compressor, and connecting the slag discharge pipe 20 to a slag discharge pool;
a drill rod 10 is put into the position above the silting surface, and the upper opening of the drill rod 10 is connected to a slurry pump;
starting an air compressor to supply air and discharge slag, and starting a slurry pump to pump slurry into the hole to stir sediment after 5 minutes to form a water flow stirring area;
when the slag is discharged by compressed air, the drill rod 10, the slag discharge pipe 20 and the high-pressure rubber pipe 30 are slowly lowered at the same time, and the bottom opening of the slag discharge pipe 20 is always higher than the bottom opening of the drill rod 10;
at intervals, the buried drill tool is tried to be lifted up, and the process is repeated until the buried drill tool can be pulled.
Taking the collapse accident of Shandong Pingyi gypsum mine as an example, when a 5# major diameter lifesaving hole phi 711mm air down-the-hole hammer is reversely and circularly drilled to the hole depth of 170.10m to prepare for up-down hole sweeping and sizing, the drilling tool cannot be lifted, the buried drilling accident occurs, the silting depth of the buried drill is measured by a measuring rope at the moment to be 152m, and the drilling slag of the buried drill is cleaned, so that the accident can be solved.
Taking an oil pipe with the diameter of 73mm as a slag discharge pipe 20 on site, cutting a hole at a position 1m above a bottom opening, and welding a high-pressure rubber pipe 30 joint with the diameter of 1 inch at the position of the cut hole; simultaneously, a transverse reinforcing steel bar is welded at the bottom opening of the oil pipe, so that a hole can be blocked by large residues, and the situation that the oil discharge pipe is blocked due to the fact that the large residues enter the oil discharge pipe is prevented.
And (3) putting the processed slag discharging pipe 20 and the high-pressure rubber pipe 30 into the annular space between the buried drilling tool and the drilled hole, wherein the lower depth is 143m and is 9m away from a silting surface, and meanwhile, connecting the high-pressure rubber pipe 30 to an air compressor and connecting the slag discharging pipe 20 to a slag discharging pool.
Then, a drill rod 10 with the diameter of 50mm to a position of 151m away from the silt surface is put in, the drill rod is used for supplementing slurry in the hole and stirring bottom rock powder, and the upper opening of the drill rod 10 is connected to a slurry pump.
And then starting an air compressor to supply air and discharge slag, and starting a slurry pump to pump slurry into the hole to stir sediment after 5 minutes to form a water flow stirring area.
When the compressed air is used for deslagging, the drill rod 10, the deslagging pipe 20 and the high-pressure rubber pipe 30 are slowly lowered at the same time, and the fact that the bottom opening of the deslagging pipe 20 is at least 2m higher than the bottom opening of the drill rod 10 with the diameter of 50mm is always guaranteed.
At intervals, the buried drill tool is tried to be lifted up, and the process is repeated until the buried drill tool can be pulled.
Referring to fig. 4, when drilling, the hole wall is easy to have extending stones, so that the rescue hole wall cleaning device is designed, and comprises a short section 40, a first drill 50 and a second drill 60;
the first drill 50 and the second drill 60 which are arranged in parallel are fixedly arranged on a short joint 40 with the length of 3m, the first drill 50 is positioned below the second drill 60, the distance between the first drill 50 and the second drill 60 is larger than the length of a single hole sweeping section, and in the embodiment, the distance between the first drill 50 and the second drill 60 is 1.5m-2 m.
Adopt the two drill bit structures of first drill bit 50 and second drill bit 60 in this device, after first drill bit 50 that is located the below creeps into and sweeps the hole section, if stretch out first drill bit stone once more when stretching out, then first drill bit 50 is blocked when lifting very likely, consequently, the second drill bit 60 that is located first drill bit 50 top that sets up in this embodiment can be at the in-process that creeps into downwards, clear up the first drill bit stone that stretches out once more, through the clearance once more of second drill bit 60, can effectively be with the drilling clean up.
Between first drill bit 50 and nipple joint 40, connect through the welding mode between second drill bit 60 and the nipple joint 40, after the welding, first drill bit 50 and second drill bit 60 are good with nipple joint 40's connection performance, and joint strength is big, consequently creeps into the in-process, reinforcing cleaning device's stability.
Eight scrapers 70 are arranged on the lower disc surfaces of the first drill 50 and the second drill 60, and the scrapers 70 are uniformly arranged on the edges of the lower disc surfaces; the scraper 70 is a straight triangular steel plate, and the right angle of the scraper 70 is positioned at the edge of the lower disc surface; the evenly distributed blades 70 help to clean the wall of the hole from the keystone, thereby reducing the probability of the first bit 50 and the second bit 60 getting stuck.
The device is also provided with an anti-blocking structure 80, the anti-blocking structure 80 is four straight triangular steel plates, and two right-angle sides of the anti-blocking structure 80 are respectively fixed with the upper disc surface of the first drill bit 50 and the short section 40; one end of the inclined plane is positioned at the edge of the upper disc surface; the anti-seize structure 80 has a guiding function, and when the first drill 50 moves to the bottom opening of the casing, the bottom opening of the casing can move to the edge of the first drill 50 along the inclined surface of the anti-seize structure 80, so that the first drill 50 is prevented from being seized by the bottom opening of the casing.
The device is also provided with a front guide post 90, the front guide post 90 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower end surface of the first drill 50, and the length of the front guide post 90 is 0.5 m; the leading guide post 90 acts as a guide so that the first drill bit 50 remains centered during drilling.
Firstly, welding a first drill 50 and a second drill 60 on a short joint 40, then welding eight scrapers 70 on the lower end faces of the first drill 50 and the second drill 60, and welding an anti-blocking structure 80 on the upper end face of the first drill 50, thereby manufacturing a hole wall cleaning device; during drilling, the first drill 50 cleans the hole wall for the first time, the first drill 50 continues to move downwards after being cleaned, and the extending head stone is likely to extend out again on the hole wall section swept by the first drill 50, so that the extending head stone can be further cleaned when the second drill 60 passes through, and the hole wall can be fully cleaned.
The embodiment also provides a casing running method of the large-diameter life-saving hole, which has high welding strength and good verticality:
the major diameter lifesaving hole adopts down-the-hole hammer air drilling, when there is not mud in the hole and can't use the buoyancy to stop filling, the lifting capacity of the apparatus is greater than the total weight of the sleeve needing to put down, the crane or rig lifting capacity of the lower tube is two times of the total weight of the sleeve and more than; wherein, the weight accounting of the casing generally adopts the following formula:
weight (diameter-wall thickness) wall thickness 0.02466 total length.
After drilling in place, adopting an original set of drilling tool combination to carry out up-down hole following, paying attention to observe a tension meter, repeatedly sweeping the hole to be smooth when meeting a resistance position along the hole, and normally lowering the pipe when the hole following is smooth; checking that the number, the type and the strength of the sleeves meet the design requirements, numbering and measuring according to the sequence of the manhole, and making records;
each sleeve is provided with a group of symmetrical lifting eyelets and a group of symmetrical seating eyelets, and the lifting eyelets are positioned above the seating eyelets;
the lifting rod penetrates through a lifting eyelet of the first casing pipe and is hung on a crane or a drilling machine, the casing pipe is pulled up by the crane or the drilling machine and is put into a drill hole, and when the drill hole is closed, the seating bar penetrates through the seating eyelet and is transversely placed on the drill hole platform;
pulling up the second casing pipe by adopting the method of the step S4, then butting the lower opening of the second casing pipe with the upper opening of the first casing pipe, ensuring the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe to be vertical and consistent by adopting a plumb line, and then welding and filling the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe;
after welding, lifting the first sleeve and the second sleeve by using a crane or a drilling machine, withdrawing the bearing bar, and welding and leveling the bearing hole and the lifting hole of the first sleeve by using the original circular sleeve piece;
and (4) lowering the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe, penetrating the seating bar through the seating hole of the second casing pipe, and repeating the steps S4-S6 until all the casing pipes are lowered.
Taking the Shandong Pingyi 5# large-caliber life-saving hole lower pipe as an example, the sleeve in the embodiment is a seamless sleeve 1 with the size phi of 610 multiplied by 10 mm; as shown in fig. 1, the seamless sleeve 1 includes an upper opening 11 and a lower opening 12, both the upper opening 11 and the lower opening 12 of the seamless sleeve 1 are made into outer bevels, and after the sleeve is butted with the sleeve, the groove part is welded and leveled, so that the welding quality between the sleeves is ensured.
The diameters of the lifting eyelet and the seating eyelet are about 10cm, and the vertical distance from the circle center of the lifting eyelet to the upper opening 11 is 50cm and is used for penetrating a lifting rod; the vertical distance between the circle center of the seating eyelet and the upper opening 11 is 100cm, and the seating eyelet is used for penetrating a seating bar which is made of round steel with the diameter of 8 cm; therefore, the strength of the sleeve is not influenced, and the lifting and welding operation is convenient.
Referring to fig. 5, a lifting device 2 is arranged on the drilling machine or the crane, the lifting device 2 is of an inverted T-shaped structure, the lifting device 2 comprises a main body drill rod 21, wing walls 22 and limiting blocks 23, the two wing walls 22 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the main body drill rod 21, and the two limiting blocks 23 are respectively fixedly arranged on one ends, far away from the main body drill rod 21, of the two wing walls 22; the length of a main body drill rod 21 is 2m, the main body drill rod 21 is processed by a phi 219mm double-wall drill rod, the upper end of the main body drill rod is a phi 219mm double-wall drill rod female buckle end, the extension length of two symmetrical wing walls 22 is 0.8m, when the lifting is carried out, the upper ends of two iron chains are arranged on the two wing walls 22, the lower ends of the two iron chains are arranged at two ends of a lifting rod, and then a drilling machine or a crane is started to lift the casing pipe, and the iron chains are adopted because the iron chains are more rust-resistant and corrosion-resistant than steel wire ropes; and meanwhile, the limiting block 23 can prevent the iron chain from falling off in the lifting process, so that the lifting device is safer.
The sheathed tube suitable for reading symmetry is provided with four bar bosses, and through setting up four bar bosses, the sheathed tube suitable for reading of top and the sheathed tube perpendicular positioning of suitable for reading still play the effect of strengthening the welding seam intensity simultaneously.
The welding mode adopts argon arc welding, the argon arc welding process is stable, argon arc combustion is stable, the welding quality is good, and the argon arc welding is adopted due to the fact that the large-diameter sleeve is heavy in weight, particularly a high-strength welding process is needed for the deep-hole casing.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, in order to prevent accidents in the hole caused by falling objects in the hole, a hole protecting device is arranged at the hole, and comprises a cover plate 100 and a split circular plate 200;
the phi 900mm counter-pulling circular plate 200 is composed of a first semi-circular plate 210 and a second semi-circular plate 220 which are symmetrically arranged, a second round hole 230 with the phi of 300mm is formed in the center of the counter-pulling circular plate 200, the second round hole 230 is a channel for normally lifting and lowering a drilling tool, the first semi-circular plate 210 is rotatably connected with the cover plate 100 through a hinge, and the second semi-circular plate 220 is rotatably connected with the cover plate 100 through a hinge.
The cover plate 100 is square with the side length of 1000mm, a first round hole 120 matched with the opposite-pulling circular plate 200 is formed in the center of the cover plate 100, the thickness of the cover plate 100 is 3-5mm, and the lifting handles 110 are arranged on the periphery of the cover plate 100, so that a user can grab and move the cover plate conveniently; meanwhile, a rubber cushion with the thickness of 3mm is arranged below the cover plate 100 and is riveted and fixed with the cover plate 100 through rivets.
When the protection device works, the cover plate 100 is flatly placed above the life-saving hole, the first semicircular plate 210 and the second semicircular plate 220 are opened, when the first circular hole 120 of the cover plate 100 and the sleeve are coaxial, the cover plate 100 and the sleeve are fixed in a spot welding mode, after the cover plate 100 is fixed, the first semicircular plate 210 and the second semicircular plate 220 are closed, the hole opening of the large-diameter life-saving hole is protected, and small objects are prevented from falling into the hole; in an actual construction site, the sizes of the cover plate 100 and the opposing disks 200 can be adjusted adaptively according to the diameters of the casing and the drill.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above-mentioned embodiments only represent embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these embodiments are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before drilling
Searching the underground position of the trapped personnel, determining a rescue point on the ground, determining drilling equipment, and carrying and installing the drilling equipment to the rescue point;
s2, drilling
Starting a drilling tool, driving a drill bit to rotate through a drill rod, and applying pressure to the drill bit to drill a life-saving hole;
s3, cementing
A sleeve is put into the drilled life hole, and cement slurry is injected between the sleeve and the well wall, so that the sleeve is fixed;
the specific working process of casing running comprises the following steps:
s31, air drilling is carried out on the large-diameter life-saving hole by adopting a down-the-hole hammer, when slurry does not exist in the hole and a buoyancy plug cannot be used, the lifting capacity of the equipment is larger than the total weight of a casing to be placed, and the lifting capacity of a crane or a drilling machine for lowering the casing is at least two times of the total weight of the casing;
s32, after drilling in place, adopting an original set of drilling tool assembly to carry out up-down hole following, observing a tension meter, repeatedly sweeping the hole along the blocked position of the hole until the hole is smooth, and normally lowering the pipe along the hole if the hole is smooth; checking that the number, the type and the strength of the sleeves meet the design requirements, numbering and measuring according to the sequence of the manhole, and making records;
s33, each sleeve is provided with a group of symmetrical lifting eyelets and a group of symmetrical seating eyelets, and the lifting eyelets are located above the seating eyelets;
s34, the lifting rod penetrates through the lifting eyelet of the first casing pipe and is hung on a crane or a drilling machine, the first casing pipe is pulled up and is placed into the drill hole through the crane or the drilling machine, and the sitting bar penetrates through the sitting eyelet and is transversely placed on the orifice platform when the orifice is close to;
s35, pulling up the second casing pipe by the method, butting the lower opening of the second casing pipe with the upper opening of the first casing pipe, ensuring the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe to be vertical and consistent by a plumb line, and then welding and filling the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe;
s36, after welding, lifting the first sleeve and the second sleeve by using a crane or a drilling machine, drawing out the bearing bar, and welding and leveling the bearing eyelet and the lifting eyelet of the first sleeve by using the original circular sleeve piece;
and S37, lowering the first casing pipe and the second casing pipe, penetrating the seating bar through the seating hole of the second casing pipe, and repeating the operation until all the casing pipes are completely lowered.
2. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 1, wherein: step S34, a lifting device (1000) is fixedly arranged on the drilling machine or the crane, the lifting device (1000) is of an inverted T-shaped structure and comprises a main drill rod (1100) and wing walls (1200), and the two wing walls (1200) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the lower end of the main drill rod (1100); a limiting block (1300) is fixedly arranged at one end of each wing wall (1200) far away from the main body drill rod (1100);
when the sleeve is pulled, the upper ends of the two iron chains are respectively arranged on the two wing walls (1200), and the lower ends of the two iron chains are respectively arranged at the two ends of the lifting rod.
3. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the method for ensuring vertical drilling of the large-diameter life-saving hole is as follows:
on the foundation installed on the drilling machine, commercial concrete and broken stone materials are adopted, and repeated rolling and leveling are carried out to enhance the supporting strength and the flatness of the foundation;
when the drilling machine is installed, the horizontal ruler is used for leveling horizontally and straightening vertically, and the multi-position repeated calibration ensures that the drilling machine is completely vertical when being lifted naturally;
designing a drilling structure, and determining parameters of the down-the-hole hammer according to the drilling structure; determining the mode of the drilling tool assembly according to the down-the-hole hammer parameters;
setting drilling pressure, rotating speed and air quantity drilling numerical values to ensure that parameters are unchanged in the operation process; drilling is started.
4. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 1, wherein: in step S2, a slurry gas lift reverse circulation pore-forming method is used:
designing a drilling structure, and determining the size of a drill rod (1) and a drilling machine with a double-wall power head (4);
according to the size of the drill rod (1), determining a drilling tool combination mode: the device comprises a roller bit drill rod (1), a gas-water mixed joint (2), a centralizer, a double-wall drill collar and a double-wall drill rod (3);
communicating an air inlet (31) of the double-wall drill rod (3) with an air compressor, and positioning an air outlet above a mud pit;
and drilling in a mud gas lift reverse circulation mode.
5. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 4, wherein: the slurry gas lift reverse circulation mode is specifically operated as follows:
the air compressor conveys high-pressure air to an air inlet (31) of the double-wall drill rod (3), then the air goes down in the annulus of the double-wall drill rod (3), the high-pressure air enters an inner pipe of the double-wall drill rod (3) through a high-pressure air outlet on the air-water mixing joint (2), the specific gravity of slurry above the high-pressure air outlet is reduced due to the air mixing, and negative pressure is formed relative to the slurry of the drill rod and a hole wall, so that the slurry carries drilling slag to go up from the inside of the drill rod and is finally discharged from a slag outlet (32), the slurry carries the drilling slag to enter a drilling tool from a bottom opening of the drill rod (1) and is discharged into a slurry pool, and the slurry in the slurry pool is supplied through a gap between a slurry passing hole and the double-wall drill rod (3), so that a loop is formed.
6. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 4, wherein: in the air reverse circulation drilling process, a choke device is also arranged and comprises a tray (6), a choke ring rubber plate (8) and a pressure plate (7);
the tray (6) is fixedly sleeved on the double-wall short section (9), the wind resistance ring rubber plate (8) is sleeved on the double-wall short section (9) and is fixedly installed on the tray (6), and the pressure plate (7) is sleeved on the double-wall short section and is fixedly installed on the wind resistance ring rubber plate (8);
the wind resistance ring rubber plate (8) comprises a large rubber mat (81) and a small rubber mat (82), wherein the large rubber mat (81) and the small rubber mat (82) are sequentially arranged on the tray (6).
7. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the processing method when the bur occurs is:
cutting a hole 1m above the bottom opening of the slag discharge pipe (20), and welding a joint of a high-pressure rubber pipe (30) at the cut hole;
the well-made slag discharge pipe (20) and the high-pressure rubber pipe (30) are arranged in the annular space of the buried drilling tool and the drilled hole and are positioned above the silting surface;
connecting a high-pressure rubber pipe (30) to an air compressor, wherein the air pressure of the air compressor is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of slurry at the depth of the buried drill, and connecting a slag discharge pipe (20) to a slag discharge pool;
a drill rod (10) is put into the position above the silting surface, and the upper opening of the drill rod (10) is connected to a slurry pump;
starting an air compressor to supply air and discharge slag, and starting a slurry pump to pump slurry into the hole to stir sediment after 5 minutes to form a water flow stirring area;
when the slag is discharged by compressed air, the drill rod (10), the slag discharge pipe (20) and the high-pressure rubber pipe (30) are slowly lowered at the same time, and the bottom opening of the slag discharge pipe (20) is always higher than the bottom opening of the drill rod (10);
at intervals, the buried drill tool is tried to be lifted up, and the process is repeated until the buried drill tool can be pulled.
8. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 1, wherein: in step S2, a hole wall cleaning device is provided, which includes a short section (40), a first drill (50), and a second drill (60);
the first drill bit (50) and the second drill bit (60) are fixedly arranged on the short section (40), and the first drill bit (50) is positioned below the second drill bit (60); the distance between the first drill bit (50) and the second drill bit (60) is greater than the single sweep hole segment length;
the lower disc surfaces of the first drill bit (50) and the second drill bit (60) are respectively provided with a plurality of scrapers (70), and the scrapers (70) are dispersedly arranged at the edge of the lower disc surface.
9. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 8, wherein: the anti-jamming structure is characterized by further comprising an anti-jamming structure (80) and a front guide post (90), wherein the anti-jamming structure (80) is four straight triangular steel plates, and two right-angle sides of the anti-jamming structure (80) are respectively fixed with the upper disc surface of the first drill bit (50) and the short section (40); one end of the inclined plane is positioned at the edge of the upper disc surface;
the front guide post (90) is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower end face of the first drill bit (50).
10. The large-diameter life-saving hole implementation method of claim 1, wherein: the device is also provided with an orifice protection device, which comprises a cover plate (100) and a split circular plate (200);
a second round hole (230) is formed in the center of the opposite-pulling circular plate (200), the opposite-pulling circular plate (200) is composed of a first semi-circular plate (210) and a second semi-circular plate (220) which are symmetrically arranged, the first semi-circular plate (210) is rotationally connected with the cover plate (100), and the second semi-circular plate (220) is rotationally connected with the cover plate (100); the cover plate (100) is provided with a first round hole (120) matched with the opposite-pulling circular plate (200); the periphery of the cover plate (100) is provided with a lifting handle (110).
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| CN113914791A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-01-11 | 烟台佑利技术有限公司 | Drilling propeller for oil exploitation and use method thereof |
| CN116136151A (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-05-19 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Underground water manual observation channel drilling equipment |
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| CN113818800B (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-06-07 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Emergency rescue drilling is along with boring water shutoff device |
| CN113914791A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-01-11 | 烟台佑利技术有限公司 | Drilling propeller for oil exploitation and use method thereof |
| CN113914791B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-02-25 | 烟台佑利技术有限公司 | Drilling propeller for oil exploitation and use method thereof |
| CN116677337A (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2023-09-01 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Downhole casing out-of-window tool and method |
| CN116677337B (en) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-02-06 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Downhole casing out-of-window tool and method |
| CN116136151A (en) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-05-19 | 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八〇一水文地质工程地质大队(山东省地矿工程勘察院) | Underground water manual observation channel drilling equipment |
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