CN113444871A - Method for regulating and controlling strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current Download PDFInfo
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- CN113444871A CN113444871A CN202110825037.8A CN202110825037A CN113444871A CN 113444871 A CN113444871 A CN 113444871A CN 202110825037 A CN202110825037 A CN 202110825037A CN 113444871 A CN113444871 A CN 113444871A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current, which comprises the steps of carrying out electric pulse treatment on the ferritic stainless steel by regulating certain pulse current parameters, and simultaneously assisting thermocouple contact temperature measurement and infrared temperature measurement, so that grain refinement, microscopic residual stress elimination and micro-gap healing of a ferritic matrix can be realized in one step, and the defect of grain coarsening in the traditional annealing heat treatment is avoided. After the high-frequency pulse current treatment, the macroscopic hardness of the ferritic stainless steel is improved from 201.5 +/-8 HV to 345.3 +/-10 HV, the tensile strength is improved from 350MPa to 550MPa, the yield strength is improved from 270MPa to 350MPa, the elongation is improved from 25% to 39.7%, and the synchronous improvement of the strength and the toughness of the ferritic stainless steel is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of stainless steel material modification treatment, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling the strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current.
Background
Ferritic stainless steels are one of the five major stainless steel categories, second only to austenitic stainless steels in terms of stainless steel yield and consumption. Compared with austenitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel does not contain nickel or contains little nickel, so that the production cost is greatly reduced, and the ferritic stainless steel has good stamping forming performance and corrosion resistance, including pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance, chloride corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to various aspects of daily life of buildings, household appliances, kitchen products, automobile exhaust systems and the like. But the plastic toughness of the ferritic stainless steel is poor, and the cast and the processed test piece are easy to crack.
The traditional heat treatment realizes the structure optimization and the performance improvement through the typical phase change process of heating-cooling, because the microstructure in the ferritic stainless steel is mainly ferrite, the microstructure is still ferrite even if heated to high temperature, and the microstructure is molten when the temperature is higher, the heat treatment changes the mechanical property of the ferritic stainless steel through phase change in the heating temperature range, and because the ferritic stainless steel is not subjected to phase change in the heating temperature range, the mechanical property of the ferritic stainless steel cannot be adjusted by a heat treatment method. The annealing treatment can eliminate the work hardening in the plate, but the problems of coarsening of crystal grains and increase of brittleness of the material cannot be avoided at high temperature for a long time, and further improvement of the performance of the ferritic stainless steel is limited.
Pulsed current has been shown to be useful for tissue modification of alloy materials, including recovery of recrystallization, grain refinement, electro-plasticity, crack healing, and the like. The tissue modification is realized mainly through the interaction of charged particles and microscopic configurations such as dislocation, grain boundary and the like in the material. The high-frequency pulse current has the microscopic effects of skin, proximity, discharge and the like. The technology is an instantaneous and efficient post-treatment technology without damage to tissues, and can be further developed and applied to the fields of alloy materials, composite materials and the like. Therefore, the high-frequency pulse current is introduced into the modification treatment of the ferritic stainless steel, and a plurality of microscopic effects of the pulse current and skin and proximity effects of the high-frequency pulse can be comprehensively utilized, so that the thinning of the matrix structure and the synchronous improvement of the strength and the toughness are realized.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is an urgent need to solve the problems in the art to provide a method for controlling the strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current by improving and optimizing the existing ferritic stainless steel.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling the strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current, the method comprising the following steps: (1) processing a ferritic stainless steel plate test piece; (2) performing surface pretreatment on the processed ferritic stainless steel plate test piece; (3) clamping the ferrite stainless steel plate test piece with the surface pretreated; (4) allocating a thermocouple for temperature measurement and an infrared thermal imager for temperature measurement; and (5) adjusting pulse current parameters to carry out electric pulse treatment on the clamped ferritic stainless steel plate test piece based on the temperature measurement result.
Optionally, the machining is high-precision electric discharge machining, and the machining precision is +/-0.5 mm.
Optionally, the material of the ferritic stainless steel plate test piece is 443 ferritic stainless steel.
Optionally, the surface pretreatment comprises: using 50# -1500# sandpaper, gradually sanding from coarse to fine, and scrubbing with 50% alcohol solution by volume, and air drying.
Optionally, the chucking comprises clamping the electrode by a clamping device to put the ferritic stainless steel test piece subjected to surface pretreatment into a discharge loop.
Optionally, the blending includes overlapping the thermocouple on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel test piece to obtain the surface temperature of the ferritic stainless steel test piece, and simultaneously opening the infrared thermal imager to observe the overall temperature distribution condition of the ferritic stainless steel test piece.
Optionally, based on the thermometry result, the adjusted pulse current parameter comprises: the pulse frequency is 4 kHz-5 kHz, the pulse width is 30 ms-45 ms, the pulse current treatment temperature is 690-710 ℃ or 790-810 ℃, and the treatment time is 3 min.
Optionally, the ferritic stainless steel test piece is rapidly water-cooled after the electric pulse treatment.
Optionally, microstructure observation, hardness test and tensile test are performed on the ferritic stainless steel test piece subjected to rapid water cooling.
Optionally, in the hardness test and the tensile test, the load is 0.98N and the tensile rate is 0.2 mm/min.
Compared with the prior art, the method for regulating and controlling the strengthening and toughening of the ferritic stainless steel based on the high-frequency pulse current has the following characteristics: the method comprises the following steps: (1) processing a ferritic stainless steel plate test piece; (2) performing surface pretreatment on the processed ferritic stainless steel plate test piece; (3) clamping the ferrite stainless steel plate test piece with the surface pretreated; (4) allocating a thermocouple for temperature measurement and an infrared thermal imager for temperature measurement; and (5) adjusting pulse current parameters to carry out electric pulse treatment on the clamped ferritic stainless steel plate test piece based on the temperature measurement result. The machining is high-precision electric spark machining, and the machining precision is +/-0.5 mm. The material of the ferrite stainless steel plate test piece is 443 ferrite stainless steel. The surface pretreatment comprises: using 50# -1500# sandpaper, gradually sanding from coarse to fine, and scrubbing with 50% alcohol solution by volume, and air drying. And clamping the electrode by using a clamping device to connect the ferrite stainless steel test piece subjected to surface pretreatment into a discharge loop. The blending comprises the steps of overlapping the thermocouple on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel test piece to obtain the surface temperature of the ferritic stainless steel test piece, and opening the infrared thermal imager to observe the overall temperature distribution condition of the ferritic stainless steel test piece. Based on the temperature measurement result, the adjusted pulse current parameters comprise: the pulse frequency is 4 kHz-5 kHz, the pulse width is 30 ms-45 ms, the pulse current treatment temperature is 690-710 ℃ or 790-810 ℃, and the treatment time is 3 min. And after the ferritic stainless steel test piece is subjected to the electric pulse treatment, rapidly cooling the ferritic stainless steel test piece by water. And carrying out microstructure observation, hardness test and tensile test on the ferrite stainless steel test piece subjected to rapid water cooling. In the hardness test and the tensile test, the load was 0.98N and the tensile rate was 0.2 mm/min. Can realize the grain refinement of the ferrite matrix, the elimination of microscopic residual stress and the healing of micro gaps, avoids the defect of coarsening of grains in the traditional annealing heat treatment, and realizes the synchronous improvement of the strength and the toughness of the ferrite stainless steel.
Drawings
The novel features of the invention are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present invention will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the invention are utilized, and the accompanying drawings. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, in the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout:
FIG. 1 is a drawing illustrating machining dimensions of a ferritic stainless steel coupon according to an exemplary embodiment;
fig. 2 is a microstructure view of a ferritic stainless steel specimen, in which fig. 2(a) is a microstructure view of a ferritic stainless steel specimen before treatment, fig. 2(b) is a microstructure view of a ferritic stainless steel specimen at a pulse current treatment temperature of 700 ℃, and fig. 2(c) is a microstructure view of a ferritic stainless steel specimen at a pulse current treatment temperature of 800 ℃; and
fig. 3 is a macro hardness diagram of ferritic stainless steel test pieces before and after treatment.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Nothing in the following detailed description is intended to indicate that any particular feature or step is essential to the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various features or steps may be substituted for or combined with one another without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the ferritic stainless steel plate material is 443 ferritic stainless steel, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventional ferritic stainless steels, such as 442 ferritic stainless steel and 446 ferritic stainless steel, may also be used.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the surface pretreatment comprises: the sanding is performed gradually from coarse to fine using 50# -1500# sandpaper, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that other conventional sanding tools may be used.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the preparing includes overlapping a thermocouple on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel test piece to obtain the surface temperature of the ferritic stainless steel test piece, and simultaneously turning on an infrared thermal imaging instrument to observe the overall temperature distribution of the ferritic stainless steel test piece, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that other conventional thermometric instruments can also be used to measure the temperature.
In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the ferritic stainless steel test piece after rapid water cooling is subjected to microstructure observation, hardness test and tensile test, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that other conventional test methods may also be used to test the ferritic stainless steel test piece after rapid water cooling.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, a method for regulating and controlling strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and processing the ferritic stainless steel plate test piece.
The high-precision wire cut electrical discharge machine is used for machining according to the machining size shown in figure 1, a plate test piece with the total length of 50mm, the parallel length of 22mm, the width of the clamping end of 8mm, the original width of the parallel length of 4mm and the minimum radius of a transition arc between the clamping end and the parallel length of 5mm is machined, and the machining precision is +/-0.5 mm. The sheet specimen is 443 ferritic stainless steel, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventional ferritic stainless steels may be used.
Step two: and (4) performing surface pretreatment on the processed ferritic stainless steel plate test piece.
Carrying out surface treatment on the processed stainless steel test piece by using sand paper, wherein the sand paper is from coarse to fine (50# -1500 #); meanwhile, in order to ensure the accuracy of the subsequent tensile property, the transition position of the round corner of the test piece is finely polished by 2000# abrasive paper again until the surface of the plate test piece is bright and has no obvious scratch; then, the mixture is scrubbed by 50 percent by volume of alcohol solution and naturally dried.
Step three: and (4) clamping the ferrite stainless steel plate test piece with the pretreated surface.
The ferritic stainless steel test piece is connected into a discharge loop through the red copper clamping electrode, the clamping end part of the test piece accounts for 1/3 of the parallel part of the top of the test piece, good contact between the test piece and the red copper electrode is guaranteed, the contact resistance between the test piece and the electrode can be guaranteed to be minimum by the high-quality surface of the surface pretreatment processing part, current flows through the test piece more efficiently, and the clamping degree between the test piece and the electrode takes the test piece not to fall off and not to deform as a criterion.
Step four: and (3) allocating a thermocouple for temperature measurement and infrared thermal imaging for temperature measurement.
The parallel section of the test piece is measured by using the contact type thermocouple, so that the thermocouple is ensured to be in good contact with the test piece, and the thermocouple is measured accurately before high-frequency current treatment.
In order to prove that the temperature distribution of the whole test piece is uniform during the high-frequency pulse current treatment, the whole temperature of the test piece is tested by using the infrared thermal imager, the uniform whole temperature distribution can certainly ensure the synchronous promotion of the performance of each part of the treated test piece, and the technical personnel in the field can also use other conventional temperature measuring instruments to measure the temperature.
Step five: adjusting certain pulse current parameters to carry out electric pulse treatment on the clamped ferritic stainless steel plate test piece.
Reasonable pulse current processing parameters are the premise of modification of the tissue and performance of the test piece. From the pulse energy perspective, the optimal parameters of the processing are as follows through optimization and adjustment: the pulse frequency is 5kHz, the pulse width is 30ms, the pulse current treatment temperature is 700 ℃, the treatment time is 3min, water cooling is carried out quickly after the current treatment is finished, and the water cooling passes through a 475 ℃ brittle phase region quickly to ensure that the microhardness and the elongation rate meet the requirements.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, a method for regulating and controlling strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and processing the ferritic stainless steel plate test piece.
The high-precision wire cut electrical discharge machine is used for machining according to the machining size shown in figure 1, a plate test piece with the total length of 50mm, the parallel length of 22mm, the width of the clamping end of 8mm, the original width of the parallel length of 4mm and the minimum radius of a transition arc between the clamping end and the parallel length of 5mm is machined, and the machining precision is +/-0.5 mm. The sheet specimen is 443 ferritic stainless steel, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that other conventional ferritic stainless steels may be used.
Step two: and (4) performing surface pretreatment on the processed ferritic stainless steel plate test piece.
Carrying out surface treatment on the processed stainless steel test piece by using sand paper, wherein the sand paper is from coarse to fine (50# -1500 #); meanwhile, in order to ensure the accuracy of the subsequent tensile property, the transition position of the round corner of the test piece is finely polished by 2000# abrasive paper again until the surface of the plate test piece is bright and has no obvious scratch; then, the mixture is scrubbed by 50 percent by volume of alcohol solution and naturally dried.
Step three: and (4) clamping the ferrite stainless steel plate test piece with the pretreated surface.
The ferritic stainless steel test piece is connected into a discharge loop through the red copper clamping electrode, the clamping end part of the test piece accounts for 1/3 of the parallel part of the top of the test piece, good contact between the test piece and the red copper electrode is guaranteed, the contact resistance between the test piece and the electrode can be guaranteed to be minimum by the high-quality surface of the surface pretreatment processing part, current flows through the test piece more efficiently, and the clamping degree between the test piece and the electrode takes the test piece not to fall off and not to deform as a criterion.
Step four: and (3) allocating a thermocouple for temperature measurement and infrared thermal imaging for temperature measurement.
The parallel section of the test piece is measured by using the contact type thermocouple, so that the thermocouple is ensured to be in good contact with the test piece, and the thermocouple is measured accurately before high-frequency current treatment.
In order to prove that the temperature distribution of the whole test piece is uniform during the high-frequency pulse current treatment, the whole temperature of the test piece is tested by using the infrared thermal imager, the uniform whole temperature distribution can certainly ensure the synchronous promotion of the performance of each part of the treated test piece, and the technical personnel in the field can also use other conventional temperature measuring instruments to measure the temperature.
Step five: adjusting certain pulse current parameters to carry out electric pulse treatment on the clamped ferritic stainless steel plate test piece.
Reasonable pulse current processing parameters are the premise of modification of the tissue and performance of the test piece. From the pulse energy perspective, the optimal parameters of the processing are as follows through optimization and adjustment: the pulse frequency is 5kHz, the pulse width is 30ms, the pulse current treatment temperature is 800 ℃, the treatment time is 3min, water cooling is carried out quickly after the current treatment is finished, and the water cooling passes through a 475 ℃ brittle phase region quickly to ensure that the microhardness and the elongation rate meet the requirements.
Test example 1: observing the microstructure of the ferritic stainless steel subjected to the pulse current treatment
And observing the microstructure of the test piece before and after the high-frequency pulse current treatment, wherein the microstructure comprises the grain refinement degree, the microscopic residual stress, the micro-crack and the micro-gap healing degree.
Fig. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a ferritic stainless steel plate test piece before treatment, a ferritic stainless steel plate test piece prepared in example 1 and example 2 of the present invention: fig. 2(a) is a microstructure view of a ferritic stainless steel test piece before treatment, fig. 2(b) is a microstructure view of a ferritic stainless steel plate test piece prepared in example 1 of the present invention, and fig. 2(c) is a microstructure view of a ferritic stainless steel plate test piece prepared in example 2 of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2(a), the crystal grains of the ferritic stainless steel plate test pieces before treatment were coarse, and as shown in fig. 2(b) and 2(c), the crystal grains of the ferritic stainless steel plate test pieces prepared in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention were refined.
Test example 2: performing hardness test on the ferrite stainless steel subjected to the pulse current treatment
The hardness test of the ferritic stainless steel after the pulse current treatment comprises the following steps: and (3) testing the macroscopic microhardness of the plate test piece before and after the high-frequency pulse current treatment, loading the plate test piece with a load of 0.98N, testing for 10 times, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and then taking an average value.
Fig. 3 is a macro hardness chart of the ferritic stainless steel plate test pieces before treatment, the ferritic stainless steel plate test pieces prepared in the examples 1 and 2 of the present invention. As seen from fig. 3, the hardness of the ferritic stainless steel plate test piece before treatment was 201.5HV, the hardness of the ferritic stainless steel plate test piece prepared in example 1 of the present invention was 280.7HV, and the hardness of the ferritic stainless steel plate test piece prepared in example 2 of the present invention was 345.3HV, which achieved the hardness increase of the ferritic stainless steel. Test example 3: the ferrite stainless steel after pulse current treatment is subjected to tensile test
And testing the tensile properties of the plate test piece before and after treatment by using a universal electronic testing machine, wherein the tensile rate is 0.2mm/min, and the average value is obtained after 5 times of testing and the maximum value and the minimum value are removed.
Table 1 shows the tensile properties of the ferritic stainless steel sheet test pieces before treatment and the ferritic stainless steel sheet test pieces prepared in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention. As seen from Table 1, after the high-frequency pulse current treatment, the tensile strength of the ferritic stainless steel plate test piece is improved from 350MPa to 550MPa, the yield strength is improved from 270MPa to 350MPa, the elongation is improved from 25% to 39.7%, and the toughness of the ferritic stainless steel is improved.
TABLE 1 tensile Property results before and after treatment of ferritic stainless Steel test pieces
In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In the present embodiments, well-known methods and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure an understanding of this description.
While exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described herein, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous modifications, changes, and substitutions will now occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the invention described herein may be employed in practicing the invention. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the invention and that structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.
Claims (10)
1. A method for regulating and controlling strengthening and toughening of ferritic stainless steel based on high-frequency pulse current is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) processing a ferritic stainless steel plate test piece;
(2) performing surface pretreatment on the processed ferritic stainless steel plate test piece;
(3) clamping the ferrite stainless steel plate test piece with the surface pretreated;
(4) allocating a thermocouple for temperature measurement and an infrared thermal imager for temperature measurement; and
(5) and adjusting pulse current parameters to carry out electric pulse treatment on the clamped ferritic stainless steel plate test piece based on the temperature measurement result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the machining is high precision electrical discharge machining with machining precision of ± 0.5 mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ferritic stainless steel sheet material specimen is 443 ferritic stainless steel.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface pretreatment comprises: using 50# -1500# sandpaper, gradually sanding from coarse to fine, and scrubbing with 50% alcohol solution by volume, and air drying.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the chucking comprises clamping the surface-pretreated ferritic stainless steel test piece into a discharge circuit with a clamping device to clamp an electrode.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the preparing comprises overlapping the thermocouple on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel test piece to obtain the surface temperature of the ferritic stainless steel test piece, and simultaneously opening the infrared thermal imaging camera to observe the overall temperature distribution of the ferritic stainless steel test piece.
7. The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein the adjusted pulse current parameter based on thermometry results comprises: the pulse frequency is 4 kHz-5 kHz, the pulse width is 30 ms-45 ms, the pulse current treatment temperature is 690-710 ℃ or 790-810 ℃, and the treatment time is 3 min.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the ferritic stainless steel test piece is rapidly water cooled after the electric pulse treatment.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the ferritic stainless steel test piece after rapid water cooling is subjected to microstructure observation, hardness test, and tensile test.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein in the hardness test and the tensile test, a load is 0.98N and a tensile rate is 0.2 mm/min.
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| CN115058560B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2023-10-24 | 太原理工大学 | Post-processing device for plate and strip pulse current and application method |
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Application publication date: 20210928 |