CN113441424B - Matching method of lithium iron phosphate lithium battery - Google Patents

Matching method of lithium iron phosphate lithium battery Download PDF

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CN113441424B
CN113441424B CN202110669359.8A CN202110669359A CN113441424B CN 113441424 B CN113441424 B CN 113441424B CN 202110669359 A CN202110669359 A CN 202110669359A CN 113441424 B CN113441424 B CN 113441424B
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single batteries
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CN113441424A (en
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宗哲
陈大圣
卢盛辉
李文康
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Tianke New Energy Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34Sorting according to other particular properties
    • B07C5/344Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The matching method of the lithium iron phosphate lithium battery comprises the following steps: coding single batteries of the same model; collecting the capacity-dividing constant-current charging time t1 and constant-current discharging capacity C1 of all the single batteries; testing the voltage V1 and the internal resistance R1 of each single battery respectively; testing the voltage V2 and the internal resistance R2 of each single battery respectively; test voltage V3 and internal resistance R3; and (5) matching according to the number of the single batteries required by each group of battery packs. The invention collects relevant data from charge and discharge characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery such as temperature rise, internal resistance change rate, capacity, voltage, battery storage and battery self-discharge characteristics, analyzes influence degree of each index by a Delphi method, prolongs service life of the battery pack formed by the battery pack preparation method, improves working efficiency of the battery pack by 30%, improves practical service life by 800 cycles, and can improve efficiency of battery pack preparation, wherein screening efficiency can be improved by 48 times, and overall battery pack preparation efficiency can be improved by 6 times.

Description

Matching method of lithium iron phosphate lithium battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a matching method of a lithium iron phosphate lithium battery.
Background
The lithium battery is widely applied to various instruments and meters, computer mainboards, mobile communication, blood glucose testers, ear thermometer, remote controllers, electric bicycles, electric vehicles and other household electronic and electric appliance products. With the progress of technology and the requirement of environmental protection, people need high-energy, environmental protection and safe chemical power supply products to meet the demands of production and life.
The battery pack in the current application field is formed by combining a plurality of lithium batteries in series-parallel connection, and can be used for driving related electric appliances. With the overall improvement of raw material performance, preparation process and process control capability, the service life of a single battery can reach more than 2000 times, but the parameter values of the same type and the same model battery in terms of voltage capacity, internal resistance and the like are relatively different, if the single batteries with larger performance parameter differences are combined together to form a battery pack, the service life of the battery pack can be directly shortened by 10 times or even 100 times, the discharge capacity attenuation is only 20% -40% of the nominal capacity of the battery, and particularly, the lithium iron phosphate battery pack has higher requirements on the single battery and the serial unit module, and according to the discharge characteristics of the lithium iron phosphate battery, the 80% area of the battery discharge and charging platform is stable, so that the battery is generally static in configuration, and the consistency of the serial unit of the battery pack is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a matching method of a lithium iron phosphate battery, so that the matching efficiency of the battery is improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) coding single batteries of the same model; before each step of test, the bar codes on the single batteries are scanned to ensure the one-to-one correspondence of related data;
(2) collecting the capacity-dividing constant-current charging time t1 and the constant-current discharging capacity C1 of all the single batteries;
(3) after being placed for 6-8 hours at normal temperature, the voltage V1 and the internal resistance R1 of each single battery are respectively tested;
(4) placing the single batteries in a high-temperature workshop with the temperature of 45+/-2 ℃ for 72+/-2 hours, and testing the voltage V2 and the internal resistance R2 of each single battery respectively after the single batteries are subjected to normal temperature for 96+/-2 hours;
(5) placing the single batteries at normal temperature for 30-60 days, wherein the capacity-dividing time difference of the batteries required to be assembled is less than or equal to 4 hours;
(6) placing the battery at normal temperature for 30-60 days, and testing the voltage V3 and the internal resistance R3;
(7) the tested battery is subjected to capacity division in a cabinet, capacity C2 is respectively collected, battery voltage V3 is collected and discharged for 30 minutes, battery voltage V4 is collected and discharged for 60 minutes, voltage V5 is charged for 10 minutes, and V6 is charged for 100 minutes;
(8) the priority set is set according to the following grouping conditions, and then the grouping is carried out according to the number of the single batteries required by each group of battery packs.
As an improvement, according to step (8), the order of the pairing conditions set by the priority sets is as follows:
A. taking discharge capacity C1 as a matching condition 1, and setting the tolerance among all the single batteries to be equal to +/-1% AH nominal capacity;
B. taking discharge voltages V1-V2 and V2 as a matching condition 2, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-5 mV;
C. taking the internal resistances R1 and R2-R1 of the single batteries as a matching condition 3, wherein the tolerance between the single batteries is +/-0.2 mΩ;
D. taking discharge capacity C2-C1 as a matching condition 4, and taking tolerance among all single batteries as a nominal capacity of +/-1% AH;
E. taking constant-current charging time t1 as a matching condition 5, wherein the tolerance among all the single batteries is +/-1 min;
F. collecting voltage V3 after 30 minutes of discharge as a matching condition 6, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
G. collecting voltage for 60 minutes by discharging as V4 matched set condition 7, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
H. charging for 10 minutes, collecting voltage V5 as a matching condition 8, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
I. charging for 100 minutes, wherein the collection voltage V6 is set as the matching condition 9, and the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV.
As an improvement, the single batteries which are assembled into a group in the step (8) are connected in series and in parallel to form a battery pack.
As an improvement, the single battery bar code is: t1, C2, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, R1, R2.
After the steps are adopted, the invention has the following advantages: the invention collects relevant data from charge and discharge characteristics of lithium iron phosphate battery such as temperature rise, internal resistance change rate, capacity, voltage, battery storage and battery self-discharge characteristics, analyzes influence degree of each index by a Delphi method, prolongs service life of the battery pack formed by the battery pack preparation method, improves working efficiency of the battery pack by 30%, improves practical service life by 800 cycles, and can improve efficiency of battery pack preparation, wherein screening efficiency can be improved by 48 times, and overall battery pack preparation efficiency can be improved by 6 times.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
The matching method of the lithium iron phosphate lithium battery comprises the following steps:
(1) coding single batteries of the same model; before each step of test, the bar codes on the single batteries are scanned to ensure the one-to-one correspondence of related data;
(2) collecting the capacity-dividing constant-current charging time t1 and the constant-current discharging capacity C1 of all the single batteries;
(3) after being placed for 6-8 hours at normal temperature, the voltage V1 and the internal resistance R1 of each single battery are respectively tested;
(4) placing the single batteries in a high-temperature workshop with the temperature of 45+/-2 ℃ for 72+/-2 hours, and testing the voltage V2 and the internal resistance R2 of each single battery respectively after the single batteries are subjected to normal temperature for 96+/-2 hours;
(5) placing the single batteries at normal temperature for 30-60 days, wherein the capacity-dividing time difference of the batteries required to be assembled is less than or equal to 4 hours;
(6) placing the battery at normal temperature for 30-60 days, and testing the voltage V3 and the internal resistance R3;
(7) the tested battery is subjected to capacity division in a cabinet, capacity C2 is respectively collected, battery voltage V3 is collected and discharged for 30 minutes, battery voltage V4 is collected and discharged for 60 minutes, voltage V5 is charged for 10 minutes, and V6 is charged for 100 minutes;
(8) the priority set is set according to the following grouping conditions, and then the grouping is carried out according to the number of the single batteries required by each group of battery packs.
According to step (8), the order of the allocation conditions set by the priority set is as follows:
A. taking discharge capacity C1 as a matching condition 1, and setting the tolerance among all the single batteries to be equal to +/-1% AH nominal capacity;
B. taking discharge voltages V1-V2 and V2 as a matching condition 2, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-5 mV;
C. taking the internal resistances R1 and R2-R1 of the single batteries as a matching condition 3, wherein the tolerance between the single batteries is +/-0.2 mΩ;
D. taking discharge capacity C2-C1 as a matching condition 4, and taking tolerance among all single batteries as a nominal capacity of +/-1% AH;
E. taking constant-current charging time t1 as a matching condition 5, wherein the tolerance among all the single batteries is +/-1 min;
F. collecting voltage V3 after 30 minutes of discharge as a matching condition 6, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
G. collecting voltage for 60 minutes by discharging as V4 matched set condition 7, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
H. charging for 10 minutes, collecting voltage V5 as a matching condition 8, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
I. charging for 100 minutes, wherein the collection voltage V6 is set as the matching condition 9, and the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV.
And (3) carrying out serial and parallel connection on the single batteries which are assembled into a group in the step (8) to form a battery pack.
The single battery bar code is: t1, C2, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, R1, R2.
Embodiment case one:
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) encoding the single batteries with the same model to form a bar code, and then pasting or spraying the bar code on the outer packaging of the single batteries; before each step of test, the bar codes on the single batteries are scanned to ensure the one-to-one correspondence of related data;
(2) collecting the capacity-dividing constant-current charging time t1 and the constant-current discharging capacity C1 of all the single batteries; the constant-current charge time t1 is the charge time of carrying out constant-current charge and constant-voltage charge on the single battery for 30 minutes, then carrying out constant-current discharge for 30 minutes, and then carrying out constant-current charge on the single battery; the constant-current discharge capacity C1 is the discharge capacity of constant-current discharge after the constant-current charge and the constant-voltage charge are carried out and the constant-current discharge is carried out after the constant-current charge is carried out for 30 minutes;
the collection mode of the capacity-dividing constant-current charging time t1 and the constant-current discharging capacity C1 is collected by automatic battery detection equipment, and the battery charging and discharging processes are preset with programs or steps, and the charging and discharging process steps and the collection processes are shown in the following table: (the cut-off condition in the table is also a parameter value set in advance, and the next step is automatically performed when the parameter value is reached.)
Figure RE-GDA0003218862040000031
Figure RE-GDA0003218862040000041
(3) After being placed for 6-8 hours at normal temperature, the voltage V1 and the internal resistance R1 of each single battery are respectively tested;
(4) placing the single batteries in a high-temperature workshop with the temperature of 45+/-2 ℃ for 72+/-2 hours, testing the voltage V2 and the internal resistance R2 of each single battery respectively after the single batteries are subjected to normal temperature for 96+/-2 hours, and then warehousing and storing the single batteries;
(5) the voltage V3 and the internal resistance R3 of the single batteries stored in the warehouse for no more than 30 days are respectively tested;
(6) re-executing the steps (3) and (4) for the single battery stored for 30 days;
(7) and the tested battery is subjected to capacity division in the upper cabinet, the capacity C2 is respectively collected, the battery voltage V3 is collected and discharged for 30 minutes, the battery voltage V4 is collected and discharged for 60 minutes, the voltage V5 is charged for 10 minutes, and the battery voltage V6 is charged for 100 minutes.
The battery charging and discharging steps and the collecting process are shown in the following table:
Figure RE-GDA0003218862040000042
(8) and performing priority set setting according to the following grouping conditions, and then performing grouping according to the number of single batteries required by each group of battery packs, wherein the order of the grouping conditions of the priority set setting is as follows:
A. taking discharge capacity C1 as a matching condition 1, and setting the tolerance among all the single batteries to be equal to +/-1% AH nominal capacity;
B. taking discharge voltages V1-V2 and V2 as a matching condition 2, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-5 mV;
C. taking the internal resistances R1 and R2-R1 of the single batteries as a matching condition 3, wherein the tolerance between the single batteries is +/-0.2 mΩ;
D. taking discharge capacity C1-C2 as a matching condition 4, and taking tolerance among all single batteries as a nominal capacity of +/-1% AH;
E. taking constant-current charging time t1 as a matching condition 5, wherein the tolerance among all the single batteries is +/-1 min;
F. collecting voltage V3 after 30 minutes of discharge as a matching condition 6, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
G. collecting voltage for 60 minutes by discharging as V4 matched set condition 7, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
H. charging for 10 minutes, collecting voltage V5 as a matching condition 8, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
I. charging for 100 minutes, wherein the collection voltage V6 is set as the matching condition 9, and the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 m.
In order to verify the feasibility and the advancement of the matching method, the following experiment is specially carried out, and the experimental steps are as follows:
1. taking 100 single batteries in the same batch, and respectively preparing 2 groups of battery packs according to the following 5 schemes;
2. the single batteries selected according to the matching scheme are respectively connected in series and in parallel to form a battery pack;
3. performing charge-discharge cycle test on the battery pack;
4. the relevant cycle data are compared.
Scheme 1:
the single battery open circuit voltage (V2) +/-5 mV, internal resistance (R1) +/-0.2 mΩ and capacity-dividing capacity C1+/-1% AH nominal capacity are directly adopted as the matching conditions for matching.
Scheme 2:
the single battery open circuit voltage (V2) +/-5 mV, internal resistance (R1) +/-0.2 mΩ, capacity-dividing capacity C1+/-1%AH nominal capacity and capacity-matching capacity C2+/-1%AH nominal capacity are directly adopted as the matching conditions for matching.
Scheme 3:
the priority set setting is set with the following set conditions:
a. the discharge voltages V1-V2 and V2 are used as the matching condition 1, and the tolerance among the single batteries is +/-5 mV;
b. taking the internal resistances R1 and R2-R1 of the single batteries as a matching condition 2, wherein the tolerance between the single batteries is +/-0.2 mΩ;
c. taking discharge capacity C1-C2 as a matching condition 3, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-1% AH nominal capacity;
d. and taking constant-current charging time t1 as a matching condition 4, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-1 min.
Scheme 4:
the priority set setting is set with the following set conditions:
a. taking discharge capacity C2 as a matching condition 2, and setting the tolerance among all the single batteries to be equal to +/-1% AH nominal capacity;
b. taking discharge voltages V1-V2 and V2 as a matching condition 3, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-5 mV;
c. taking the internal resistances R1 and R2-R1 of the single batteries as a matching condition 4, wherein the tolerance between the single batteries is +/-0.2 mΩ;
d. taking discharge capacity C1-C2 as a matching condition 5, and taking tolerance among all single batteries as a nominal capacity of +/-1% AH;
e. and taking constant-current charging time t1 as a matching condition 6, wherein the tolerance among all the single batteries is +/-1 min.
Scheme 5:
the priority set setting is set with the following set conditions:
A. taking discharge capacity C1 as a matching condition 1, and setting the tolerance among all the single batteries to be equal to +/-1% AH nominal capacity;
B. taking discharge voltages V1-V2 and V2 as a matching condition 2, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-5 mV;
C. taking the internal resistances R1 and R2-R1 of the single batteries as a matching condition 3, wherein the tolerance between the single batteries is +/-0.2 mΩ;
D. taking discharge capacity C1-C2 as a matching condition 4, and taking tolerance among all single batteries as a nominal capacity of +/-1% AH;
E. taking constant-current charging time t1 as a matching condition 5, wherein the tolerance among all the single batteries is +/-1 min;
F. collecting voltage V3 after 30 minutes of discharge as a matching condition 6, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV
G. Collecting voltage for 60 minutes by discharging as V4 matching condition 7, wherein tolerance among all single batteries is +/-2 mV
H. Collecting voltage V5 after 10 minutes of charging as matching condition 8, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV
I. Charging for 100 min, collecting voltage V6 as matching condition 9, and tolerance between each two single batteries is + -2 m
Experiments were performed on the battery packs assembled in the above schemes 1 to 5 according to the standard of GB/T31484-2015, respectively, and the cycle life of the battery packs, i.e., the battery capacity retention rate, was shown in the following table:
Figure RE-GDA0003218862040000061
as can be seen from the above table, the cycle life of the assembled battery is greatly improved by adopting the assembled battery method (scheme 5) of the invention, particularly, the battery capacity retention rate is significantly higher than that of the comparative examples (schemes 1 to 4) above 1000 cycles, for example, the battery capacity retention rate of the assembled battery of the invention reaches more than 89% above 1000 cycles, but only 68% in the comparative examples; the battery capacity retention rate of the assembled battery of the present invention reaches 80% or more after 2000 weeks of cycle, whereas it is only 48% in the comparative example.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above with no limitation, but only one of the embodiments of the invention is shown, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical solution should not be creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The matching method of the lithium iron phosphate battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) coding single batteries of the same model; before each step of test, the bar codes on the single batteries are scanned to ensure the one-to-one correspondence of related data;
(2) collecting the capacity-dividing constant-current charging time t1 and the constant-current discharging capacity C1 of all the single batteries;
(3) after being placed for 6-8 hours at normal temperature, the voltage V1 and the internal resistance R1 of each single battery are respectively tested;
(4) placing the single batteries in a high-temperature workshop with the temperature of 45+/-2 ℃ for 72+/-2 hours, and testing the voltage V2 and the internal resistance R2 of each single battery respectively after the single batteries are subjected to normal temperature for 96+/-2 hours;
(5) placing the single batteries at normal temperature for 30-60 days, wherein the capacity-dividing time difference of the batteries required to be assembled is less than or equal to 4 hours;
(6) placing the battery at normal temperature for 30-60 days, and testing the voltage V3 and the internal resistance R3;
(7) the tested battery is subjected to capacity division in a cabinet, capacity C2 is respectively collected, battery voltage V3 is collected and discharged for 30 minutes, battery voltage V4 is collected and discharged for 60 minutes, voltage V5 is charged for 10 minutes, and V6 is charged for 100 minutes;
(8) the priority set is set according to the following grouping conditions, and then the grouping is carried out according to the number of the single batteries required by each group of battery packs.
2. The method for matching lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to step (8), the order of the allocation conditions set by the priority set is as follows:
A. taking discharge capacity C1 as a matching condition 1, and setting the tolerance among all the single batteries to be equal to +/-1% AH nominal capacity;
B. taking discharge voltages V1-V2 and V2 as a matching condition 2, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-5 mV;
C. taking the internal resistances R1 and R2-R1 of the single batteries as a matching condition 3, wherein the tolerance between the single batteries is +/-0.2 mΩ;
D. taking discharge capacity C2-C1 as a matching condition 4, and taking tolerance among all single batteries as a nominal capacity of +/-1% AH;
E. taking constant-current charging time t1 as a matching condition 5, wherein the tolerance among all the single batteries is +/-1 min;
F. collecting voltage V3 after 30 minutes of discharge as a matching condition 6, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
G. collecting voltage for 60 minutes by discharging as V4 matched set condition 7, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
H. charging for 10 minutes, collecting voltage V5 as a matching condition 8, wherein the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV;
I. charging for 100 minutes, wherein the collection voltage V6 is set as the matching condition 9, and the tolerance between each single battery is +/-2 mV.
3. The method for matching lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) carrying out serial and parallel connection on the single batteries which are assembled into a group in the step (8) to form a battery pack.
4. The method for matching lithium iron phosphate batteries according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the single battery bar code is: t1, C2, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, R1, R2.
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CN103894350A (en) * 2014-03-26 2014-07-02 山东精工电子科技有限公司 Capacitance-grading screening and grouping method for cylindrical lithium battery
CN105489952A (en) * 2016-01-08 2016-04-13 深圳市沃特玛电池有限公司 Matching method for improving self-discharge consistency of lithium iron phosphate power battery pack

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