CN113439804B - Gynostemma pentaphylla composition for obese cows in late lactation period and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Gynostemma pentaphylla composition for obese cows in late lactation period and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gynostemma pentaphylla composition for obese cows in the late lactation period and a preparation method and application thereof. The gynostemma pentaphylla composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 15-20 parts of silybum marianum powder, 2-5 parts of folic acid and 2-6 parts of nicotinamide. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition and application of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition in feeding fat cows in the later lactation period or preparing feed for the fat cows in the later lactation period. The gynostemma pentaphylla composition can promote the energy metabolism of the dairy cows, reduce the morbidity of the postpartum dairy cows, further improve the production potential of the dairy cows, effectively extend the biological value and the economic value of the dairy cows and promote the further development of the dairy cow breeding industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dairy cattle raising. More particularly relates to a gynostemma pentaphylla composition for fat cows in the late lactation period and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The latter lactation period refers to a period of time after the middle lactation period of the dairy cows and before the dry period, and generally refers to the period from 201 days after delivery to the dry period. There are three aspects of feed management that need attention in this stage. After the first cow is subjected to a large amount of lactation for 200 days, the body fat is obviously reduced, and the feed feeding amount is properly increased in the late lactation period to recover the body condition of the cow. Second, preparation for the next lactation period is started as early as the previous lactation period, far before the drying of the milk. During the late lactation period (after 200 days of milk production), the body fat and fat degree of the dairy cow should be concerned, so that the dairy cow can obtain enough nutrition to supplement the nutrient storage in the dairy cow. The cows should have been pregnant early between 200 days of third lactation and the period of dry milk, and the nutritional requirements of the cows should be noted for both pregnancy and milk production.
The specific management method is mainly to monitor the body fat degree (body condition score) score of the dairy cattle, because the dairy cattle with insufficient body fat degree lack persistence in the next lactation period, the milk yield is lower than the genetic potential. Lean cows often result in inefficient reproduction because they do not have sufficient energy storage. At present, the conventional method is to improve the food intake of the dairy cows, which causes the dairy cows to be over obese in the later lactation period, so that the fat metabolism is abnormal, a large amount of fat is accumulated under the liver and the skin of the dairy cows, so that the dairy cows generally have partial fat body conditions, namely, the dairy cows with body condition scores larger than 3.5 minutes, and the proportion of the body condition score of the dairy cows in the later lactation period is more than 10%, namely, the whole body condition of the dairy cows is partial fat, body condition control is needed, when the dairy cows enter a dry milk perinatal period, the food intake of the dairy cows is low, postpartum problems are abnormal and prominent, so that a lot of manpower, material resources and capital are invested in a pasture to deal with various postpartum problems, but no matter whether postpartum drench products or expensive import additives are used, the dairy cows are only aimed at the new-period dairy cows in the perinatal period, and the method is not started from the later lactation period of the dairy cows.
Therefore, a product specially aiming at the fat milk cows in the late lactation period needs to be developed to promote the energy metabolism of the milk cows and reduce the morbidity of the postpartum milk cows, so that the production potential of the milk cows is improved, the biological value and the economic value of the milk cows are effectively extended, and the further development of the milk cow breeding industry is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gynostemma pentaphylla composition for fat cows in the later lactation period, aiming at the conditions that the disease of the next-born cows is high, the production level is low and the economic value is low due to the fact that the cows in the later lactation period are excessively fat and the metabolic capability of liver fat is poor in the dairy cow breeding industry of China at present, and thus the defects of the prior art are overcome. Also provides a preparation method of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition in feeding fat cows in the later lactation period or preparing feed for the fat cows in the later lactation period.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a gynostemma pentaphylla composition, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 15-20 parts of silybum marianum powder, 2-5 parts of folic acid and 2-6 parts of nicotinamide.
Optionally, the gynostemma pentaphylla composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 15-20 parts of silybum marianum powder, 2-4 parts of folic acid and 2-4 parts of nicotinamide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition, which is prepared by uniformly mixing gynostemma pentaphylla powder, silybum marianum powder, folic acid and nicotinamide according to the formula proportion.
In a second aspect, the invention provides the use of a gynostemma pentaphylla composition in feeding obese cows in the late lactation period or in preparing feed for obese cows in the late lactation period.
Further, the application of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition in any one of the following fields also belongs to the protection scope of the invention:
1) The application in promoting the feed intake and milk yield of fat cows in the later lactation period;
2) The application in preparing feed for promoting the feed intake and milk yield of obese cows in the late lactation period;
3) The application in improving the milk fat content and the milk protein content of the obese cows in the later lactation period;
4) The application of the compound feed in preparing the feed for improving the milk fat content and the milk protein content of the fat cows at the later lactation period;
5) The application of the composition in reducing the contents of triglyceride and NEFA in blood of fat cows at the later lactation period;
6) The application in preparing feed for reducing the contents of triglyceride and NEFA in blood of fat cows at the late lactation period;
7) The application in controlling the body condition of the dairy cattle entering the dry period;
8) The application in preparing the body condition feed for controlling the dairy cows entering the dry period;
9) The application in improving the feed intake of the dairy cows in the dry period and the perinatal period and reducing the incidence rate of diseases;
10 Application of the compound feed in preparing feed for improving the feed intake of dairy cows in the dry period and the perinatal period and reducing the incidence rate of diseases.
Further, in order to better exert the effect of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the cattle are fed in the following amounts per day: feeding cow at late lactation period with a feeding period of at least 1 month and 0.3-0.5 kg/d.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
in the specific implementation mode of the invention, the gynostemma pentaphylla composition effectively reduces the content of triglyceride and free fatty acid (NEFA) in the blood of the dairy cow at the later stage of lactation, and when the feed intake is increased, a certain milk yield is developed, so that the content of milk fat and milk protein is effectively increased; in addition, the body condition of dry dairy cows is effectively controlled, the feed intake of the dairy cows in the dry milk perinatal period is promoted, and the disease incidence of new dairy cows is reduced; the gynostemma pentaphylla composite addition can effectively promote fat metabolism of the milk cow liver, can promote energy utilization of the milk cow to blood, further improves the production potential of the milk cow, further improves milk index, effectively controls the subcutaneous deposition of the milk cow body fat on the milk cow liver, further guarantees the health of the milk cow, ensures the reduction of the disease incidence of the milk cow in the next birth and effectively extends the biological value and the economic value of the milk cow.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Aiming at the conditions that in the dairy cow breeding industry in China, the cattle in the later lactation period are excessively obese, the liver fat metabolism capability is poor, the disease of the next cow is high, the production level is low, and the economic value is low, the invention provides the gynostemma pentaphylla composition for the obese cows in the later lactation period, so that the energy metabolism of the cows is promoted, the morbidity of the postpartum cows is reduced, and the production potential of the cattle is further improved.
The gynostemma pentaphylla composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 15-20 parts of silybum marianum powder, 2-5 parts of folic acid and 2-6 parts of nicotinamide.
The gynostemma pentaphylla is mainly applied to the field of dairy cows, is used for improving the disease resistance of born calves, reducing the morbidity of invisible mastitis and treating agalactia of the dairy cows, and is used as an iodine preparation carrier of high-iodine milk. Through a large number of experiments and researches, the inventor of the invention finds that the gynostemma pentaphylla is taken as a main body and is matched with other nutrient substances for promoting the fat metabolism of the liver, such as the silybum marianum, the folic acid and the nicotinamide, so that the very good production practice effect of the dairy cows is achieved. Specifically, the gynostemma pentaphylla powder may be selected from 65 parts, 70 parts, 75 parts, etc. or any range therebetween, the artichoke powder may be selected from 15 parts, 18 parts, 20 parts, etc. or any range therebetween, and the folic acid may be selected from 2 parts, 4 parts, 6 parts, etc. or any range therebetween. The gynostemma pentaphylla composition is low in cost, convenient to obtain and particularly suitable for large-scale pastures.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The materials in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all materials commonly used in the art and are commercially available.
Example 1
The gynostemma pentaphylla composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 15 parts of herba cephalanoploris powder, 2 parts of folic acid and 2 parts of nicotinamide.
And (3) putting the raw materials into a mixer, and mixing for 5-10 minutes to obtain a final product.
Example 2
The gynostemma pentaphylla composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 20 parts of silybum marianum powder, 5 parts of folic acid and 6 parts of nicotinamide.
And (3) putting the raw materials into a mixer, and mixing for 5-10 minutes to obtain a final product.
Example 3
The gynostemma pentaphyllum compositions of examples 1 and 2 were fed at a daily dosage of 0.5kg per cow. The test is carried out in a western-style pasture, 150 cattle in a test group are selected, the average lactation day is 200 days, the average gestation time is 2 gestation, the body condition score is shown in table 1, the test group is a test 1 group according to example 1, and the test group is a test 2 group according to example 2; the control group 1 (stock farm raw formula daily ration group) has 150 cattle, the average lactation days is 200 days, and the average number of births is 2 births; in the control group 2, on the basis of the daily ration of the original pasture, 30 g of rumen bypass choline is added to each cow every day, 150 cows are selected, and the average number of lactation days is 195 days. TMR formulas used by four groups of cattle are consistent, and each cattle is fed with 0.5kg of gynostemma pentaphylla compound every day for 30 days on the basis of the original formula; the control group 2 was fed with rumen bypass choline 30 g per cow per day for 30 days. The specific tracking data comprises dry matter feed intake, milk yield, milk fat rate, milk protein rate, plasma NEFA content, plasma triglyceride content, body condition score in dry milk period, dry milk perinatal feed intake and postpartum disease incidence in the late lactation period; wherein, blood indexes are randomly drawn from 30 cows in the test group and the control group, calculated from the beginning of the test, and the relevant indexes are measured by blood sampling from 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days.
The comparison result shows that the dry matter feed intake, the milk yield, the milk fat rate and the milk protein rate of the test group are all superior to those of the control group 1 and the control group 2; the blood index shows the plasma NEFA content of the test group, and the plasma triglyceride content is lower than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2; the body condition of a test group entering a dry milk period is lower than that of a control group, the feeding amount of the dry milk in the perinatal period is higher than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, and the disease incidence rate of postpartum diseases is lower than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, so that the overall energy utilization rate of the cattle in the test group is improved, the conversion of fat is promoted, the health of the cattle is further improved, and the production level is further improved. The specific test results are as follows.
TABLE 1 body condition scores of cattle in the latter lactation period of each test group
From table 1, it can be found that after the body condition scores of all groups of cattle are carried out, all the groups of cattle are basically distributed in the range that the body condition score is more than 3.5 points, the cattle are distributed in 2.5-3.5 points as ideal body conditions according to the body condition score standard requirement of the late lactation period, more than 3.5 points are partial fat body conditions, and the body conditions of the whole group more than 3.5 points are partial fat body conditions, so that the body conditions of all the groups of cattle, fat cattle are more than 57 percent, far exceed the standard requirement, and the body conditions of all the groups of cattle are higher.
TABLE 2 Dry intake at the late lactation period
| Test period (d) | 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | Mean value |
| Test group 1 (kg/d) | 22.20 | 22.40 | 22.50 | 22.50 | 22.60 | 22.70 | 22.48 |
| Test group 2 (kg/d) | 22.25 | 22.35 | 22.55 | 22.55 | 22.63 | 22.75 | 22.51 |
| Control group 1 (kg/d) | 22.40 | 22.30 | 22.40 | 22.40 | 22.40 | 22.30 | 22.37 |
| Control group 2 (kg/d) | 22.40 | 22.32 | 22.41 | 22.40 | 22.42 | 22.45 | 22.40 |
From the table 2, it can be found that the dry matter feed intake of the dairy cattle added with 0.5kg/d of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition per cow is in an increasing trend and is superior to that of the control group 1; control group 2. After the rumen bypass choline was added to the control group 2, the overall feed intake showed an increase, but the difference was not significant compared to the control group 1.
TABLE 3 average milk yield
| Test period (d) | 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | Mean value |
| Test group 1 (kg/d) | 27.50 | 27.80 | 28.10 | 28.20 | 28.10 | 28.30 | 28.00 |
| Test group 2 (kg/d) | 27.51 | 27.75 | 28.20 | 28.35 | 28.45 | 28.55 | 28.14 |
| Control group 1 (kg/d) | 27.60 | 27.50 | 27.40 | 27.40 | 27.20 | 27.20 | 27.38 |
| Control group 2 (kg/d) | 27.60 | 27.52 | 27.57 | 27.60 | 27.62 | 27.68 | 27.60 |
From Table 3, it can be found that the average milk yield of the cow added with 0.5kg/d of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition is increased and is better than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2. In the control group 2, the total milk amount showed an increasing trend slightly higher than that in the control group 1 after the rumen bypass choline was used.
TABLE 4 fat content in milk
From table 4, it can be found that the average milk fat percentage of the cow added with 0.5kg/d of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition is in an increasing trend and is superior to that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, which indicates that the energy conversion efficiency of the body is increased. The milk fat rate of the control group 2 is in an increasing trend and is superior to that of the control group 1, which shows that the additional supplementation of the rumen bypass choline is also helpful for improving the energy metabolism of the body, but the efficiency is lower compared with the test group.
TABLE 5 milk protein content
| Test period (d) | 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | Mean value |
| Test group 1 (%) | 3.15 | 3.19 | 3.21 | 3.25 | 3.25 | 3.26 | 3.21 |
| Test group 2 (%) | 3.16 | 3.19 | 3.22 | 3.26 | 3.26 | 3.26 | 3.23 |
| Control group 1 (%) | 3.18 | 3.18 | 3.19 | 3.17 | 3.18 | 3.18 | 3.18 |
| Control group 2 (%) | 3.16 | 3.17 | 3.17 | 3.17 | 3.16 | 3.19 | 3.17 |
From the table 5, it can be found that the average milk protein rate of the cow added with the gynostemma pentaphylla composition of 0.5kg/d is in an increasing trend, and is superior to that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, the utilization rate of the body energy is improved, and the improvement of the milk yield is facilitated. While the milk protein rate of control 2 was substantially identical to that of control 1.
TABLE 6 plasma NEFA content
| Test period (d) | 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | Mean value |
| Test set 1 (M/M) | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.55 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.48 |
| Test group 2 (M/M) | 0.73 | 0.62 | 0.52 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.47 |
| Control group 1 (M/M) | 0.75 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.76 |
| Control group 2 (M/M) | 0.75 | 0.74 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.74 | 0.74 | 0.74 |
From the table 6, the NEFA content in the milk cow plasma is found to be in a descending trend after each cow is added with 0.5kg/d of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition, which shows that the fat metabolism level of the tested cow is improved, and the immunity of the organism is improved; while the control group 1 and the control group 2 always showed an ascending trend during the test period, and the cattle only had poor fat metabolism capability. Control 2 was slightly better than control 1.
TABLE 7 plasma triglyceride content
| Test period (d) | 0 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | Mean value |
| Test group 1 (%) | 5.60 | 5.60 | 5.40 | 5.10 | 4.50 | 4.10 | 5.05 |
| Test group 2 (%) | 5.55 | 5.50 | 5.40 | 5.10 | 4.40 | 4.05 | 5.00 |
| Control group 1 (%) | 5.50 | 5.80 | 6.20 | 6.50 | 6.60 | 6.60 | 6.20 |
| Control group 2 (%) | 5.50 | 5.70 | 6.10 | 6.30 | 6.40 | 6.30 | 6.05 |
From the table 7, the fact that the triglyceride content of the milk cow blood plasma is in a descending trend after each cow is added with 0.5kg/d of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition shows that the fat metabolism level of the experimental cow is improved, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the fat accumulated in the liver is reduced; while the control group 1 and the control group 2 always show an ascending trend during the test period, the cattle only have poor fat metabolism capability and liver fat accumulation.
TABLE 8 body Condition score during the Dry period
From the table 8, the body condition scores of the test components in the dry period can be found, the results show that the overall body condition of the test group is lower than that of the control group 1 and that of the control group 2 after the gynostemma pentaphylla composition is used, the body condition of the test group is effectively controlled, and the utilization rate of fat of the dairy cows is improved and the accumulation of the fat of the liver is reduced by combining the production indexes in the later lactation period. The body condition of the control group 2 was improved to some extent, but the improvement was slightly lower than that of the test group 1.
TABLE 9 comparison of feed intake during the dry period
| Test period | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Mean value |
| Test group 1 (kg/d) | 12.50 | 13.10 | 13.30 | 13.40 | 13.07 |
| Test group 2 (kg/d) | 12.80 | 13.30 | 13.50 | 13.50 | 13.28 |
| Control group 1 (kg/d) | 11.20 | 11.40 | 11.60 | 11.80 | 11.50 |
| Control group 2 (kg/d) | 11.30 | 11.50 | 11.70 | 12.20 | 11.68 |
From table 9, it can be found that the dry matter feed intake of the cows of the test groups 1 and 2 after using the gynostemma pentaphylla composition is in an increasing trend after entering the dry period and is superior to that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, which shows that the increase of the fat metabolism of the cows in the lactation later period is helpful for increasing the feed intake in the dry period.
TABLE 10 perinatal food intake
| Test period | Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Mean value |
| Test group 1 (kg/d) | 13.40 | 13.40 | 13.30 | 13.20 | 13.33 |
| Test group 2 (kg/d) | 13.45 | 13.45 | 13.50 | 13.30 | 13.43 |
| Control group 1 (kg/d) | 11.80 | 11.90 | 12.10 | 12.30 | 12.03 |
| ControlGroup 2 (kg/d) | 11.90 | 11.90 | 12.20 | 12.10 | 12.03 |
From table 10, it can be found that the feed intake of the cattle in the perinatal period of the test groups 1 and 2 is increased and is better than that of the control group 1 and the control group 2, which indicates that the liver burden of the cattle in the test groups is reduced only in the perinatal period.
TABLE 11 disease occurrence in newly born cattle
| Item | Retention of placenta (%) | Paralysis (%) | Metamorphic stomach (%) | Metritis (%) | Mastitis (%) |
| Test group 1 | 2.10 | 1.20 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.00 |
| Test group 2 | 1.80 | 0.80 | 0.40 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
| Control group 1 | 3.20 | 2.50 | 2.80 | 4.50 | 0.00 |
| Control group 2 | 2.80 | 1.80 | 1.70 | 3.70 | 0.00 |
From table 11, it can be found that the incidence of various postpartum diseases of the cattle in the test groups 1 and 2 in the new birth period is lower than that of the cattle in the control groups 1 and 2. The gynostemma pentaphylla compound is used for improving the liver fat metabolism level and improving the energy utilization efficiency of the obese cattle in the later lactation period, is favorable for reducing the incidence rate of postpartum diseases of the cattle after the calves of the next birth, and is favorable for improving the health of the cattle for a long time. While control 2 was improved over control 1, the overall improvement was not significant.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A gynostemma pentaphylla composition for fat cows in the late lactation period is characterized in that: the gynostemma pentaphylla composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-75 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 15-20 parts of silybum marianum powder, 2-5 parts of folic acid and 2-6 parts of nicotinamide.
2. The gynostemma pentaphylla composition according to claim 1, wherein: the gynostemma pentaphylla composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65-70 parts of gynostemma pentaphylla powder, 15-20 parts of silybum marianum powder, 2-4 parts of folic acid and 2-4 parts of nicotinamide.
3. The method for preparing gynostemma pentaphylla composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gynostemma pentaphylla composition is prepared by uniformly mixing gynostemma pentaphylla powder, silybum marianum powder, folic acid and nicotinamide according to a formula ratio.
4. Use of the gynostemma pentaphylla composition according to claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of a feed for a post-lactation obese cow.
5. Use of the gynostemma pentaphyllum composition of claim 1 or 2 in any one of:
1) The application in preparing feed for promoting the feed intake and milk yield of obese cows in the late lactation period;
2) The application in preparing the feed for improving the milk fat content and the milk protein content of the obese cows in the later lactation period;
3) The application in preparing feed for reducing the contents of triglyceride and NEFA in blood of fat cows at the late lactation period;
4) The application of the compound premix in preparing body condition feed for controlling dairy cows entering a dry period;
5) The application of the compound premix in preparing the feed for improving the feed intake of dairy cows in the dry period and the perinatal period and reducing the disease incidence rate.
6. The use according to claim 4, wherein the Gynostemma pentaphyllum composition is fed to the cattle at the following amount per day: feeding cow at late lactation period with a feeding period of at least 1 month and 0.3-0.5 kg/d.
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| WO2011076155A1 (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2011-06-30 | Irel, Spol. S R.O. | Feed supplement based on milk thistle, method of its production and its use |
| CN101822706B (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2012-05-30 | 东北农业大学 | Gynostemma pellet preparation for preventing subclinical mastitis and preparation method thereof |
| CN107927357A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-20 | 内蒙古优然牧业有限责任公司 | A kind of cow feed additive and feeding method |
| CN109303193A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-02-05 | 华兴宠物食品有限公司 | A kind of cat weight-reducing grain and preparation method thereof |
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