CN113437746A - Self-excited start-up control system and method for hybrid active power filter - Google Patents
Self-excited start-up control system and method for hybrid active power filter Download PDFInfo
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- CN113437746A CN113437746A CN202110692761.8A CN202110692761A CN113437746A CN 113437746 A CN113437746 A CN 113437746A CN 202110692761 A CN202110692761 A CN 202110692761A CN 113437746 A CN113437746 A CN 113437746A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000183914 Dianthus superbus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013535 Dianthus superbus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/01—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
- H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
- H02J3/1842—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein at least one reactive element is actively controlled by a bridge converter, e.g. active filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/20—Active power filtering [APF]
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of power equipment, and discloses a self-excitation starting control system for a hybrid active power filter, which comprises a passive power filter unit, wherein one end of the passive power filter unit is connected to a power grid, the other end of the passive power filter unit is connected with the active power filter unit in series, two ends of the active power filter unit are also connected with a voltage limiting module in parallel, and the voltage limiting module is used for limiting the voltage at two ends of the active power filter unit not to exceed the upper limit of the voltage which can be borne by the active power filter unit. The invention discloses a self-excitation starting control method of a self-excitation starting control system for a hybrid active power filter. The invention has simple integral structure, convenient realization and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrical equipment, in particular to a self-excitation starting control system and method for a hybrid active power filter.
Background
With the rapid development of the cascade H-bridge topological structure, the Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF) of the cascade H-bridge structure can replace the HAPF of the traditional two-level or three-level structure to be applied to the occasions of medium and high voltage and even extra-high voltage. HAPF has combined passive filter and active filter's advantage, and passive filter PF has undertaken most electric wire netting fundamental wave voltage, and active filter APF is then only concentrated on the compensation of harmonic current to promote the suitable voltage grade of device by a wide margin, adopted widely in engineering application.
The application of the cascade H-bridge hybrid APF to LCC-HVDC occasions is discussed in 'a cascade H-bridge hybrid active filter applied to LCC high-voltage direct-current transmission' (power grid technology, 2020(5) '), Li double-key, Jiaxiabing, Jiaxianqing and the like' hybrid filter design based on MMC topology and application thereof in LCC-HVDC '(power automation equipment, 2020, 40(6): 115-Fu 120)', and the contents of the topological structure, the working principle, the control strategy, the compensation performance, the stability and the like of HAPF are explained; a direct-current voltage control strategy of a cascade H-bridge mixed type APF is simulated and prototype-verified in Yupan, Dianthus superbus, Yang Zezhou and other direct-current voltage control of the cascade H-bridge mixed type active power filter (Chinese electro-mechanical engineering bulletin: 2019,39(16): 1866-4875). However, there is still a gap in the study of the initiation mode of the cascade H bridge HAPF.
The start-up mode of the cascade H-bridge HAPF can be divided into separately-initiated and self-initiated. For the cascade H-bridge structure, a plurality of mutually independent direct current starting power supplies are required to be provided during independent excitation starting, and although the control is simple, the cost is high. The difficulty of self-excitation starting is that in the HAPF structure, the active filter part usually only bears a small part of the grid-connected point voltage, so the time for converting the APF from uncontrolled rectification to controllable rectification in the starting process needs to be accurately controlled, otherwise, the APF has the risk of direct-current overvoltage, and the safety of the device is damaged. In fact, according to the difference between the slow start resistance value and the dc-side support capacitance value, the establishment time of the APF dc voltage needs ten milliseconds to hundred milliseconds, so that the real-time requirement on the control system is high, and especially, some actually applied cascade H-bridge structures also relate to the problem of taking the dc voltage of the H-bridge module, so that it is urgently needed to design a self-excited start control system which is insensitive to the control time and has high cost performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-excitation starting control system for a hybrid active power filter, which solves the problems that in the prior HAPF structure re-self-excitation starting process, the real-time requirement on a control system is higher due to the short establishment time of APF direct-current voltage, and the like.
The invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the self-excitation starting control system for the hybrid active power filter comprises a passive power filter unit, wherein one end of the passive power filter unit is connected to a power grid, the other end of the passive power filter unit is connected with the active power filter unit in series, two ends of the active power filter unit are also connected with a voltage limiting module in parallel, and the voltage limiting module is used for limiting the voltage at two ends of the active power filter unit not to exceed the upper limit of the voltage which can be borne by the active power filter unit.
Further, the voltage limiting module comprises a voltage limiting capacitor C and a voltage limiting capacitor switch QF4 which are connected in series.
Further, the passive power filter unit comprises a passive power filter PF and a grid-connected column switch QF0 which are connected in series, one end of the passive power filter unit is connected to a power grid, and the other end of the passive power filter unit is connected with the active power filter unit;
the active power filter unit comprises a grid-connected main switch QF2, an active power filter APF and a slow starting resistor R and a slow starting bypass switch QF3 which are connected in series, wherein the two ends of the active power filter APF unit are also connected with the bypass switch QF1 in parallel.
Further, the parameter setting of the voltage limiting capacitor C is determined according to the upper voltage limit that the active power filter APF can bear.
Further, the passive power filter PF is set to be a single-tuning passive power filter, a second-order high-pass passive power filter or a C-type high-pass passive power filter;
the active power filter APF adopts an H-bridge cascade converter structure, the H-bridge cascade topological structure is formed by connecting three bridge arms through a Y shape or a delta shape, each bridge arm comprises a plurality of H-bridge inverter units which are connected in series, and each H-bridge inverter unit is formed by connecting four IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes in parallel with a direct current capacitor after being connected through an H bridge.
The self-excitation starting control method for the self-excitation starting control system for the hybrid active power filter comprises the steps of firstly connecting the passive power filter unit to a power grid, then simultaneously connecting the active power filter unit and the voltage limiting module to the power grid, and removing the voltage limiting module after the active power filter unit enters a controllable rectification state to complete self-excitation starting.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the QF1 is closed, and the APF device is bypassed before the HAPF is started;
(2) closed QF0, HAPF is connected to the grid;
(3) is the status of the APF device checked, is there a fault, is there a start-up condition? If yes, entering the step (4), otherwise, repeating the step (3);
(4) the QF4 is closed to prepare for inputting the voltage limiting capacitor C;
(5) QF2 closed in preparation for charging the APF device;
(6) the QF1 is disconnected, and the voltage limiting capacitor C and the APF device are put into the power grid formally;
(7) is the dc voltage of the APF device stable? If so, entering the step (8), otherwise, repeating the step (7);
(8) when QF3 is closed, a slow-start resistor R is bypassed, and the direct-current voltage of the APF device can be continuously charged and increased until the phase voltage peak value of a voltage-limiting capacitor C is reached;
(9) is the dc voltage of the APF device reach the design value? If yes, entering the step (10), otherwise, repeating the step (9);
(10) is the terminal voltage of the APF device zero crossing? If zero crossing, entering the step (11), otherwise, repeating the step (10);
(11) unlocking the control pulse, and enabling the APF device to enter a controllable rectification state;
(12) and cutting off QF4, cutting off the voltage-limiting capacitor C, and preparing for the next self-excitation starting, wherein the whole device enters a normal operation state at the moment, and the self-excitation starting is finished.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
on the basis of the existing HAPF structure, a voltage limiting module is added, and the voltage at two ends of the active power filter unit is ensured not to exceed the upper limit of the voltage which can be borne by the active power filter unit by virtue of the voltage limiting module, so that in the whole starting process, the end voltage of the active power filter unit is limited within the range of the design value, and overvoltage cannot be caused by normal operation in any starting process, so that the starting process is not influenced by time, and the HAPF self-excitation starting of the hybrid active power filter is stably and safely completed. Compared with the separately excited starting, the self-excited starting scheme has the advantages of lower cost, insensitivity to control time and wider application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall circuit structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic of the topology of a passive power filter in the HAPF of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the topology of an active power filter in the HAPF of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control process of self-excited starting by the self-excited starting control system of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a self-excited start control system for a hybrid active power filter, which includes a passive power filter unit, one end of the passive power filter unit is connected to a power grid, the other end of the passive power filter unit is connected in series with the active power filter unit, two ends of the active power filter unit are also connected in parallel with a voltage limiting module, and the voltage limiting module is used for limiting the voltage across the active power filter unit not to exceed the upper limit of the voltage that the active power filter unit can bear. Therefore, the voltage limiting module is used for ensuring that the voltage at two ends of the active power filter unit does not exceed the upper limit of the voltage which can be borne by the active power filter unit, the terminal voltage of the active power filter unit is limited within the range of the design value in the whole starting process, and overvoltage cannot be caused by normal operation in any starting process, so that the starting process is not influenced by time, and the self-excitation starting of the HAPF of the hybrid active power filter is smoothly and safely completed.
The voltage limiting module can be set as a voltage limiting capacitor C and a voltage limiting capacitor switch QF4 which are connected in series, the input and the cut-off of the voltage limiting capacitor C can be conveniently controlled by the aid of the voltage limiting capacitor switch QF4, the control process is simplified, too many hardware structures cannot be increased, and cost saving is facilitated.
Specifically, the passive power filter unit comprises a grid-connected column switch QF0 and a passive power filter PF which are connected in series, wherein one end where the grid-connected column switch QF0 is located is connected to a power grid, and the other end where the passive power filter is located is connected with the active power filter unit; the active power filter unit comprises a grid-connected main switch QF2, an active power filter APF and a slow start-up resistor R and a slow start-up bypass switch QF3 which are connected in series, then two ends of the active power filter unit are connected in parallel before a voltage limiting module and then connected in parallel with a bypass switch QF1, namely the other end of a passive power filter PF is connected with the bypass switch QF1, a voltage limiting capacitor switch QF4 and a grid-connected main switch QF2, meanwhile, the other end of the bypass switch QF1 is grounded, the other end of the voltage limiting capacitor switch QF4 is connected with a voltage limiting capacitor C, the other end of the voltage limiting capacitor C is grounded, and the parameter setting is determined according to the upper limit of the voltage which the active power filter APF can bear; the other end of the grid-connected main switch QF2 is connected with one end of a slow start resistor R and a slow start bypass switch QF3 which are connected in parallel, the other end of the slow start resistor R and the slow start bypass switch QF3 which are connected in parallel is connected with one end of an active power filter APF, and the other end of the active power filter APF is grounded.
The passive power filter PF may be configured as a single-tuned passive power filter, a second-order high-pass passive power filter, or a C-type high-pass passive power filter, as shown in fig. 2; the active power filter APF adopts an H-bridge cascaded converter structure, an H-bridge cascaded topological structure of the active power filter APF is formed by connecting three bridge arms in a Y-shaped or delta-shaped manner, each bridge arm comprises a plurality of H-bridge inverter units which are connected in series, and each H-bridge inverter unit is formed by connecting four IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes in parallel with a direct current capacitor after being connected in an H-bridge manner, as shown in figure 3.
When the control system of the invention is used for self-excitation starting, the passive power filter unit is firstly connected to a power grid, then the active power filter unit and the voltage limiting module are simultaneously connected to the power grid, and after the active power filter unit enters a controllable rectification state, the voltage limiting module is cut off to complete the self-excitation starting, as shown in fig. 4, the specific operation is as follows:
(1) the QF1 is closed, and the APF is bypassed before the HAPF is started, so that the APF device is prevented from being subjected to grid connection impact of the passive power filter;
(2) closed QF0, HAPF is connected to the grid;
(3) is the status of the APF device checked, is there a fault, is there a start-up condition? If yes, entering the step (4), otherwise, repeating the step (3), and if the unsettable fault information exists, giving an alarm and needing human intervention;
(4) the QF4 is closed, and preparation is made for inputting a voltage limiting capacitor C, in the previous design, the voltage limiting capacitor C and a passive power filter PF are connected in series for voltage division, and the voltage on the voltage limiting capacitor C cannot exceed the upper limit of the voltage which can be borne by an APF device;
(5) the QF2 is closed to prepare for inputting the APF device, and the voltage of the APF device is equal to that of the voltage-limiting capacitor because the APF device is connected with the voltage-limiting capacitor in parallel;
(6) the QF1 is disconnected, the voltage-limiting capacitor C and the APF device are put into the power grid formally, the APF device connected with the voltage-limiting capacitor C in parallel is connected with the power grid through the passive power filter PF, the APF device is in a locked state at the moment, the power grid carries out uncontrolled rectification charging on the direct current capacitor of the APF device through the anti-parallel diode of the cascade H bridge, because of the existence of the slow start resistor, the charging current of the APF device is limited within a reasonable range, and because the voltage limiting capacitor C is a passive device, the voltage can be immediately divided by the passive power filter PF and quickly charged to the upper limit of the voltage which can be borne by the APF device, and the direct current capacitor of the APF device can build the voltage after being charged, the speed is slow, therefore, the end voltage of the voltage-limiting capacitor C meets the requirement first, so that the direct-current voltage of the APF device is limited within a reasonable range and cannot exceed the upper limit of the voltage which can be borne by the APF device to the maximum extent, and the protection effect is achieved.
(7) Is the dc voltage of the APF device stable? If so, entering the step (8), otherwise, repeating the step (7);
(8) when QF3 is closed, a slow-start resistor R is bypassed, and the direct-current voltage of the APF device can be continuously charged and increased until the phase voltage peak value of a voltage-limiting capacitor C is reached;
(9) is the dc voltage of the APF device reach the design value? If yes, entering the step (10), otherwise, repeating the step (9);
(10) is the terminal voltage of the APF device zero crossing? If zero crossing, entering the step (11), otherwise, repeating the step (10);
(11) unlocking the control pulse, and enabling the APF device to enter a controllable rectification state;
(12) and cutting off QF4, cutting off the voltage-limiting capacitor C, and preparing for the next self-excitation starting, wherein the whole device enters a normal operation state at the moment, and the self-excitation starting is finished.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely examples and that many variations or modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is therefore defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A self-excited start-up control system for a hybrid active power filter, characterized by: the active power filter unit comprises a passive power filter unit, wherein one end of the passive power filter unit is connected to a power grid, the other end of the passive power filter unit is connected with the active power filter unit in series, two ends of the active power filter unit are also connected with a voltage limiting module in parallel, and the voltage limiting module is used for limiting the voltage at two ends of the active power filter unit not to exceed the upper limit of the voltage which can be borne by the active power filter unit.
2. The self-excited start-up control system for a hybrid active power filter of claim 1, wherein: the voltage limiting module comprises a voltage limiting capacitor C and a voltage limiting capacitor switch QF4 which are connected in series.
3. The self-excited start-up control system for a hybrid active power filter of claim 2, wherein: the passive power filter unit comprises a grid-connected column switch QF0 and a passive power filter PF which are connected in series, one end of the passive power filter unit is connected to a power grid, and the other end of the passive power filter unit is connected with the active power filter unit;
the active power filter unit comprises a grid-connected main switch QF2, an active power filter APF and a slow starting resistor R and a slow starting bypass switch QF3 which are connected in series, wherein the two ends of the active power filter APF unit are also connected with the bypass switch QF1 in parallel.
4. The self-excited start-up control system for a hybrid active power filter of claim 3, wherein: the parameter setting of the voltage limiting capacitor C is determined according to the upper voltage limit that the active power filter APF can bear.
5. The self-excited start-up control system for a hybrid active power filter of claim 3, wherein: the passive power filter PF is set to be a single-tuning passive power filter, a second-order high-pass passive power filter or a C-type high-pass passive power filter; the active power filter APF adopts an H-bridge cascade converter structure, the H-bridge cascade topological structure is formed by connecting three bridge arms through a Y shape or a delta shape, each bridge arm comprises a plurality of H-bridge inverter units which are connected in series, and each H-bridge inverter unit is formed by connecting four IGBTs with anti-parallel diodes in parallel with a direct current capacitor after being connected through an H bridge.
6. A self-excited start-up control method of a self-excited start-up control system for a hybrid active power filter according to claim 1, characterized in that: the passive power filter unit is connected to a power grid, the active power filter unit and the voltage limiting module are connected to the power grid at the same time, and the voltage limiting module is cut off after the active power filter unit enters a controllable rectification state, so that self-excitation starting is completed.
7. The self-excited start-up control method of the self-excited start-up control system for the hybrid active power filter according to claim 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) the QF1 is closed, and the APF device is bypassed before the HAPF is started;
(2) closed QF0, HAPF is connected to the grid;
(3) is the status of the APF device checked, is there a fault, is there a start-up condition? If yes, entering the step (4), otherwise, repeating the step (3);
(4) the QF4 is closed to prepare for inputting the voltage limiting capacitor C;
(5) QF2 closed in preparation for charging the APF device;
(6) the QF1 is disconnected, and the voltage limiting capacitor C and the APF device are put into the power grid formally;
(7) is the dc voltage of the APF device stable? If so, entering the step (8), otherwise, repeating the step (7);
(8) when QF3 is closed, a slow-start resistor R is bypassed, and the direct-current voltage of the APF device can be continuously charged and increased until the phase voltage peak value of a voltage-limiting capacitor C is reached;
(9) is the dc voltage of the APF device reach the design value? If yes, entering the step (10), otherwise, repeating the step (9);
(10) is the terminal voltage of the APF device zero crossing? If zero crossing, entering the step (11), otherwise, repeating the step (10);
(11) unlocking the control pulse, and enabling the APF device to enter a controllable rectification state;
(12) and cutting off QF4, cutting off the voltage-limiting capacitor C, and preparing for the next self-excitation starting, wherein the whole device enters a normal operation state at the moment, and the self-excitation starting is finished.
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