CN113437329A - Heat dissipation-adjustable fuel cell heat management system and control method - Google Patents
Heat dissipation-adjustable fuel cell heat management system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113437329A CN113437329A CN202110702535.3A CN202110702535A CN113437329A CN 113437329 A CN113437329 A CN 113437329A CN 202110702535 A CN202110702535 A CN 202110702535A CN 113437329 A CN113437329 A CN 113437329A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04373—Temperature; Ambient temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformers, compressors, burners
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04738—Temperature of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell heat management system with heat energy recovery and a control method, wherein heat generated by a fuel cell system is utilized to provide heat for other components needing heat in a heat exchange mode of a heat exchanger and a heat storage system, so that the heat of the fuel cell system is effectively utilized; the second three-way valve is added, the heat management system can control the flow passing through the radiator by adjusting the working angle of the second three-way valve, when the temperature is between the lower limit temperature and the upper limit temperature, and the rotating speed of a fan of the radiator is reduced to 0, the control unit of the heat management system judges that the temperature value T2 is lower than the temperature of the temperature value T4 point by too much, the current radiator can be judged to be in a windward state and continuously dissipates heat, in order to avoid excessive heat dissipation, the control unit controls the second three-way valve, and the heat radiator is throttled to avoid excessive heat dissipation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell systems, in particular to a heat dissipation adjustable fuel cell thermal management system and a control method.
Background
A fuel cell system is a device that electrochemically converts chemical energy into electrical energy by using fuel (reducing agent) and oxygen (oxidizing agent), wherein the basic principle of a hydrogen fuel cell is 2H2+ O2 → 2H2O + electrical energy + thermal energy. Under the continuous work of the fuel cell, the heat energy of the fuel cell can be accumulated continuously, so that the temperature of the whole system rises, and at the moment, the heat management system is needed to carry out heat management on the fuel cell system, so that the fuel cell can work at a proper temperature.
The basic scheme of the existing technical scheme is that the system comprises two temperature sampling points (T1/T2), a water pump, a radiator, a heater, a water tank and a three-way valve, wherein the temperature sampling points provide state input for a thermal management control system, the water pump is used for adjusting the flow of cooling liquid, the heater is used for quickly increasing the temperature of the thermal management cooling liquid, the radiator is used for reducing the temperature of the cooling liquid, the three-way valve is used for adjusting the flow of a heater branch, and the water tank is used for storing the cooling liquid; however, the prior art has the following defects: 1. the heat generated by the fuel cell system is radiated to the external environment through the heat management system, and the heat cannot be effectively utilized; 2. the fuel cell system is under the condition that the temperature of the cold machine is raised or the fuel cell system does not produce more waste heat after entering the proper temperature, certain heat dissipation is generated when cooling liquid of the heat management system flows through the heat radiator, the heat radiator facing the wind can generate excessive cooling for the heat management system under the serious condition, more uncontrollable heat dissipation capacity is caused, and the integral temperature of the fuel cell system is difficult to rise.
In order to improve the efficiency of the fuel cell system, it is possible to reduce power consumption at the time of the thermal management operation and to utilize the heat generated by the operation of the fuel cell system. This patent mainly goes to realize reducing the thermal management consumption through windward and coolant flow control, utilizes the heat that fuel cell system produced to provide the heat for other thermal parts of needs through the heat transfer mode, guarantees through a series of control methods simultaneously that entire system's temperature keeps stable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell thermal management system with adjustable heat dissipation capacity and a control method, wherein heat generated by a fuel cell system is utilized to provide heat for other components needing heat in a heat exchange mode of a heat exchanger and a heat storage system, so that the heat of the fuel cell system is effectively utilized; meanwhile, the heat management power consumption is reduced and the temperature of the fuel cell system is kept stable through the flow control of the cooling liquid of the heat radiator facing the wind.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the application discloses a control method of a heat dissipation adjustable fuel cell thermal management system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, the control unit receives preset upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature, obtains a temperature value T1 at an outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline, a temperature value T2 at an inlet of the cooling liquid pipeline, a temperature value T3 at an inlet of the heat exchanger and a temperature value T4 at an outlet of the heat exchanger, calculates heat exchange power P1 flowing through the heat exchanger, and judges whether a temperature value T2 is smaller than the lower limit temperature;
s2, if the temperature T2 is greater than or equal to the lower limit temperature, the method includes the following substeps:
s21, commanding the heater to stop working through the control unit, simultaneously controlling the three-way valve to close an inlet valve connected with the heater to enable the flow of the first branch to be 0, and then judging whether the temperature value T2 is greater than the upper limit temperature or not;
s22, if the temperature value T2 is larger than the upper limit temperature, closing a branch of the second three-way valve leading to the outlet of the radiator through the control unit, and increasing the working speed of a fan of the radiator to dissipate heat;
s23, if the temperature value T2 is smaller than or equal to the upper limit temperature, reducing the working rotating speed of a fan of the radiator through the control unit to dissipate heat; when the working speed of the radiator fan is reduced to 0, judging whether the temperature value T2 is smaller than the difference value between the temperature value T4 and the heat dissipation diff of the pipeline;
s231, if the temperature value T2 is smaller than the difference value between the temperature value T4 and the pipeline heat dissipation diff, controlling the second three-way valve to reduce the flow passing through the radiator;
s232, if the temperature value T2 is larger than or equal to the difference value between the temperature value T4 and the pipeline heat dissipation diff, controlling the second three-way valve to increase the flow passing through the radiator;
s3, if the temperature value T2 is less than the lower limit temperature, the thermal management system needs to perform an auxiliary temperature raising operation, which specifically includes the following substeps:
s31, commanding the heater to work through the control unit, and simultaneously judging whether the heat exchange power P1 is less than 0 and whether the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is greater than 1;
s32, if the heat exchange power P1 is less than 0 or the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is greater than 1, closing the valve opening degree of the three-way valve through the control unit to enable the flow of the second branch to be 0;
s33, if the heat exchange power P1 is greater than or equal to 0 and the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is less than or equal to 1, the valve opening of the three-way valve is controlled by the control unit so that the flow rate ratio of the second branch to the first branch is [1- (lower limit temperature-T2/| T2|) ]/2, and the second three-way valve is controlled so that the flow rate of the second three-way valve through the radiator is 0.
Preferably, in the step S1, the control unit obtains the heat exchange power P1 flowing through the heat exchanger as follows:
s11, the control unit obtains the rotating speed of the water pump, and calculates the main flow q of the thermal management system through a theoretical formula or calibration datamain；
S12, the control unit obtains the valve opening of the three-way valve, and calculates the flow ratio mu of the second branch and the first branch by theoretical formula or calibration dataSecond branch：1-μSecond branchI.e. qSecond branch＝qmainμSecond branch；
S13, the control unit acquires a temperature value T3 at the inlet of the heat exchanger and the heat exchangerThe temperature value T4 at the outlet is used for calculating the heat exchange power value P1 ═ q of the heat exchangerSecond branchρc(T4-T3) Where ρ represents density and c represents specific heat capacity.
Preferably, in step S13, the temperature value T3 at the inlet of the heat exchanger is the same as the temperature value T1 at the outlet of the coolant line.
Preferably, the value of the heat dissipation diff of the pipeline is 1-5 ℃.
The application also discloses a fuel cell heat management system with adjustable heat dissipation capacity, including fuel cell module and heat management system, it advances, exports with the coolant liquid pipeline to be equipped with coolant liquid circulation pipeline in the fuel cell module, advance, exit linkage through the coolant liquid pipeline between heat management system and the fuel cell module, still including needing thermal system and control unit, heat management system includes water tank, water pump, heater, heat exchanger, radiator, three-way valve and second three-way valve, coolant liquid pipeline exit is equipped with the first temperature monitoring point who is used for measuring temperature value T1, and the coolant liquid pipeline connects the water pump forward, water pump exit parallel has first branch road and second branch road, be equipped with the heater on the first branch road, the end of first branch road is connected with one of them inlet valve of three-way valve, it has heat exchanger and radiator to establish ties in proper order on the second branch road, the heat exchanger with heat demand system interconnect, the exit end of heat exchanger is equipped with the fourth temperature monitoring point who is used for measuring temperature value T4, be equipped with the second three-way valve between heat exchanger and the radiator, the inlet valve of second three-way valve and the exit linkage of heat exchanger, two outlet valves of second three-way valve are connected with the business turn over, the export of radiator respectively, the end of second branch road is connected with another inlet valve of three-way valve, the outlet valve department of three-way valve is equipped with third branch road and fourth branch road, the end of third branch road is connected with the coolant liquid pipeline import, coolant liquid pipeline import department is equipped with the second temperature monitoring point who is used for measuring temperature value T2, the water tank is connected to the fourth branch road, the exit end and the water pump of water tank are connected, thermal management system is connected with the control unit.
Preferably, the inlet end of the heat exchanger is provided with a third temperature monitoring point for measuring a temperature value T3.
Preferably, the heat-demand system includes, but is not limited to, a heating system and a warm air system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adding the heat exchanger and the heat-requiring system, the external heat-requiring system can be reversely utilized to assist in temperature rise when the overall temperature of the fuel cell system is lower, so that the power consumption of starting preheating is reduced; when the fuel cell system enters a higher temperature but does not reach an appropriate working temperature, the thermal management system 2 can actively control the three-way valve 8, so that the self temperature rise is preferentially ensured, the heat is prevented from being taken away by the external heat-requiring system 3 through the heat exchanger 6, and the fuel cell system can reach the appropriate temperature in a short time; when the fuel cell system works at a high temperature and needs heat dissipation, the heat management system can exchange redundant waste heat of the fuel cell system to an external heat-requiring system through the heat exchanger, and meanwhile, the working pressure of the radiator is reduced, the power consumption is reduced, and the net output of the fuel cell system is increased.
2. Through increasing the second three-way valve, thermal management system just can control the flow that flows through the radiator through the operating angle who adjusts the second three-way valve, when the temperature is in between lower limit temperature and the upper limit temperature, and the fan of radiator descends the rotational speed until 0 back, thermal management system control unit judges that temperature value T2 will be too much lower than the temperature of temperature value T4 point, then can judge that current radiator is in the windward state and in the continuous heat dissipation, in order to avoid too much heat dissipation to go out, control unit controls the second three-way valve, carry out the throttle to the radiator and avoid too much heat dissipation.
The features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail by embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the operation of a control method of a thermally scalable fuel cell thermal management system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system for thermal management of a fuel cell with adjustable heat dissipation according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1-fuel cell module, 11-first temperature monitoring point, 12-second temperature monitoring point, 2-thermal management system, 3-heat demand system, 4-water pump, 5-heater, 6-heat exchanger, 61-third temperature monitoring point, 62-fourth temperature monitoring point, 7-radiator, 8-three-way valve, 81-second three-way valve and 9-water tank.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is only intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a method for controlling a thermal management system of a fuel cell with adjustable heat dissipation capacity, comprising the following steps:
s1, the control unit receives preset upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature, obtains a temperature value T1 at an outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline, a temperature value T2 at an inlet of the cooling liquid pipeline, a temperature value T3 at an inlet of the heat exchanger 6 and a temperature value T4 at an outlet of the heat exchanger 6, calculates heat exchange power P1 flowing through the heat exchanger 6, and judges whether a temperature value T2 is smaller than the lower limit temperature;
s11, the control unit obtains the rotating speed of the water pump, and calculates the main flow q of the thermal management system through a theoretical formula or calibration datamain；
S12, the control unit obtains the valve opening of the three-way valve 8, and calculates the flow ratio mu of the second branch and the first branch by a theoretical formula or calibration dataSecond branch：1-μSecond branchI.e. qSecond branch＝qmainμSecond branch；
S13, the control unit obtains a temperature value T3 at the inlet of the heat exchanger 6 and a temperature value T4 at the outlet of the heat exchanger 6, and calculates a heat exchange power value P1 which is q of a heat exchange power value which flows through the heat exchangerSecond branchρc(T4-T3) Where ρ represents a density and c represents a specific heat capacity, theThe temperature value T3 at the inlet of the heat exchanger 6 has the same value as the temperature value T1 at the outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline.
S2, if the temperature T2 is greater than or equal to the lower limit temperature, the method includes the following substeps:
s21, commanding the heater 5 to stop working through the control unit, simultaneously controlling the three-way valve 8 to close an inlet valve connected with the heater 5, enabling the flow of the first branch to be 0, and then judging whether the temperature value T2 is greater than the upper limit temperature or not;
s22, if the temperature value T2 is larger than the upper limit temperature, the control unit closes the branch of the second three-way valve 81 which leads to the outlet of the radiator 7, and simultaneously increases the working speed of the fan of the radiator 7 to dissipate heat;
s23, if the temperature value T2 is smaller than or equal to the upper limit temperature, reducing the working rotating speed of the fan of the radiator 7 through the control unit to radiate heat; when the working rotating speed of the radiator fan is reduced to 0, judging whether a temperature value T2 is smaller than the difference value of a temperature value T4 and a pipeline heat dissipation diff, wherein the value of the pipeline heat dissipation diff is 1-5 ℃;
s231, if the temperature value T2 is less than the difference between the temperature value T4 and the pipeline heat dissipation diff, it may be determined that the current heat sink is in a windward state and is continuously dissipating heat, and in order to avoid excessive heat dissipation, the control unit controls the second three-way valve 81, throttles the heat sink 7 to avoid excessive heat dissipation, and controls the second three-way valve 81 to reduce the flow rate flowing through the heat sink 7;
s232, if the temperature value T2 is greater than or equal to the difference between the temperature value T4 and the pipeline heat dissipation diff, controlling the second three-way valve 81 to increase the flow passing through the radiator 7;
s3, if the temperature value T2 is less than the lower limit temperature, the thermal management system needs to perform an auxiliary temperature raising operation, which specifically includes the following substeps:
s31, commanding the heater 5 to work through the control unit, and simultaneously judging whether the heat exchange power P1 is less than 0 and whether the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is greater than 1;
s32, if the heat exchange power P1 is less than 0 or the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is greater than 1, closing the valve opening degree of the three-way valve 8 through the control unit to enable the flow of the second branch to be 0; when the fuel cell system enters a higher temperature but does not reach a proper working temperature, the heat management system 2 can actively control the three-way valve 8, so that the self temperature rise is preferentially ensured, and the heat is prevented from being taken away by the external heat-requiring system 3 through the heat exchanger 6;
s33, if the heat exchange power P1 is greater than or equal to 0 and the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is less than or equal to 1, controlling the valve opening of the three-way valve 8 by the control unit so that the flow ratio of the second branch to the first branch is [1- (lower limit temperature-T2/| T2|) ]/2, and simultaneously controlling the second three-way valve 81 so that the flow of the second three-way valve 81 through the radiator 7 is 0; when the overall temperature of the fuel cell system is lower, the external heat-requiring system 3 can be reversely utilized to assist in temperature rise, and the power consumption of starting preheating is reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, the application provides a fuel cell thermal management system with adjustable heat dissipation capacity, including fuel cell module 1 and thermal management system 2, be equipped with coolant liquid circulation pipeline and coolant liquid pipeline in the fuel cell module 1 and advance, export, advance, exit linkage through the coolant liquid pipeline between thermal management system 2 and the fuel cell module 1, its characterized in that: the heat management system 2 comprises a water tank 9, a water pump 4, a heater 5, a heat exchanger 6, a radiator 7, a three-way valve 8 and a second three-way valve 81, a first temperature monitoring point 11 for measuring a temperature value T1 is arranged at an outlet of a cooling liquid pipeline, the cooling liquid pipeline is connected with the water pump 4 forward, a first branch and a second branch are connected in parallel at the outlet of the water pump 4, the heater 5 is arranged on the first branch, the tail end of the first branch is connected with one inlet valve of the three-way valve 8, the heat exchanger 6 and the radiator 7 are sequentially connected in series on the second branch, the heat exchanger 6 is connected with the heat management system 3, a fourth temperature monitoring point 62 for measuring a temperature value T4 is arranged at an outlet end of the heat exchanger 6, the second three-way valve 81 is arranged between the heat exchanger 6 and the radiator 7, an inlet valve of the second three-way valve 81 is connected with an outlet of the heat exchanger 6, two outlet valves of the second three-way valve 81 are respectively connected with an inlet and an outlet of the radiator 7, the tail end of the second branch is connected with another inlet valve of the three-way valve 8, a third branch and a fourth branch are arranged at the outlet valve of the three-way valve 8, the tail end of the third branch is connected with an inlet of a cooling liquid pipeline, a second temperature monitoring point 12 used for measuring a temperature value T2 is arranged at the inlet of the cooling liquid pipeline, the fourth branch is connected with the water tank 9, the outlet end of the water tank 9 is connected with the water pump 4, and the thermal management system 2 is connected with the control unit. The inlet end of the heat exchanger 6 is provided with a third temperature monitoring point 61 for measuring a temperature value T3. The heat-demand system includes but is not limited to a heating system and a warm air system.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for controlling a thermal management system for a fuel cell with adjustable heat dissipation, comprising the steps of:
s1, the control unit receives preset upper limit temperature and lower limit temperature, obtains a temperature value T1 at an outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline, a temperature value T2 at an inlet of the cooling liquid pipeline, a temperature value T3 at an inlet of the heat exchanger (6) and a temperature value T4 at an outlet of the heat exchanger (6), calculates heat exchange power P1 flowing through the heat exchanger (6), and judges whether a temperature value T2 is smaller than the lower limit temperature;
s2, if the temperature T2 is greater than or equal to the lower limit temperature, the method includes the following substeps:
s21, commanding the heater (5) to stop working through the control unit, simultaneously controlling the three-way valve (8) to close an inlet valve connected with the heater (5) to enable the flow of the first branch to be 0, and then judging whether the temperature value T2 is greater than the upper limit temperature or not;
s22, if the temperature value T2 is larger than the upper limit temperature, the control unit closes the branch of the second three-way valve (81) which leads to the outlet of the radiator (7), and simultaneously increases the working speed of a fan of the radiator (7) to radiate heat;
s23, if the temperature value T2 is smaller than or equal to the upper limit temperature, reducing the working rotating speed of a fan of the radiator (7) through the control unit to radiate heat; when the working speed of the radiator fan is reduced to 0, judging whether the temperature value T2 is smaller than the difference value between the temperature value T4 and the heat dissipation diff of the pipeline;
s231, if the temperature value T2 is smaller than the difference value between the temperature value T4 and the pipeline heat dissipation diff, controlling the second three-way valve (81) to reduce the flow passing through the radiator (7);
s232, if the temperature value T2 is larger than or equal to the difference value between the temperature value T4 and the pipeline heat dissipation diff, controlling the second three-way valve (81) to increase the flow passing through the radiator (7);
s3, if the temperature value T2 is less than the lower limit temperature, the thermal management system needs to perform an auxiliary temperature raising operation, which specifically includes the following substeps:
s31, commanding the heater (5) to work through the control unit, and simultaneously judging whether the heat exchange power P1 is less than 0 and whether the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is greater than 1;
s32, if the heat exchange power P1 is less than 0 or the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is greater than 1, closing the valve opening degree of the three-way valve (8) through the control unit to enable the flow of the second branch to be 0;
s33, if the heat exchange power P1 is more than or equal to 0 and the value of (lower limit temperature-T2)/| T2| is less than or equal to 1, the valve opening degree of the three-way valve (8) is controlled by the control unit so that the flow ratio of the second branch to the first branch is [1- (lower limit temperature-T2/| T2|) ]/2, and meanwhile, the second three-way valve (81) is controlled so that the flow of the second three-way valve (81) flowing through the radiator (7) is 0.
2. A method of controlling a thermally scalable fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1: the method is characterized in that in the step S1, the control unit obtains the heat exchange power P1 flowing through the heat exchanger (6) by the following specific operations:
s11, the control unit obtains the rotating speed of the water pump, and calculates the main flow q of the thermal management system through a theoretical formula or calibration datamain；
S12, the control unit obtains the valve opening of the three-way valve (8), and calculates the flow ratio mu of the second branch and the first branch by a theoretical formula or calibration dataSecond branch：1-μSecond branchI.e. qSecond branch＝qmainμSecond branch；
S13, the control unit obtains a temperature value T3 at the inlet of the heat exchanger (6) and a temperature value T4 at the outlet of the heat exchanger (6), and calculates a heat exchange power value P1 which is q of a value flowing through the heat exchangerSecond branchρc(T4-T3) Where ρ represents density and c represents specific heat capacity.
3. A method of controlling a thermally scalable fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 2: the method is characterized in that: in the step S13, the temperature value T3 at the inlet of the heat exchanger (6) is the same as the temperature value T1 at the outlet of the cooling liquid pipeline.
4. A method of controlling a thermally scalable fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1: the method is characterized in that: the value of the heat dissipation diff of the pipeline is 1-5 ℃.
5. The utility model provides a fuel cell thermal management system with adjustable heat dissipation capacity, includes fuel cell module (1) and thermal management system (2), be equipped with coolant liquid circulation pipeline and coolant liquid pipeline business turn over, export in fuel cell module (1), through coolant liquid pipeline business turn over, exit linkage, its characterized in that between thermal management system (2) and fuel cell module (1): the heat management system (2) comprises a water tank (9), a water pump (4), a heater (5), a heat exchanger (6), a radiator (7), a three-way valve (8) and a second three-way valve (81), a first temperature monitoring point (11) used for measuring a temperature value T1 is arranged at an outlet of a cooling liquid pipeline, the water pump (4) is connected forwards through the cooling liquid pipeline, a first branch and a second branch are connected in parallel at an outlet of the water pump (4), the heater (5) is arranged on the first branch, the tail end of the first branch is connected with one inlet valve of the three-way valve (8), the heat exchanger (6) and the radiator (7) are sequentially connected in series on the second branch, the heat exchanger (6) is connected with the heat demand system (3), a fourth temperature monitoring point (62) used for measuring a temperature value T4 is arranged at an outlet end of the heat exchanger (6), be equipped with second three-way valve (81) between heat exchanger (6) and radiator (7), the inlet valve of second three-way valve (81) and the exit linkage of heat exchanger (6), two outlet valves of second three-way valve (81) are connected with the business turn over, the export of radiator (7) respectively, the end of second branch road is connected with another inlet valve of three-way valve (8), the outlet valve department of three-way valve (8) is equipped with third branch road and fourth branch road, the end of third branch road is connected with the coolant liquid pipeline import, coolant liquid pipeline import department is equipped with second temperature monitoring point (12) that are used for measuring temperature value T2, water tank (9) is connected to the fourth branch road, the exit end and the water pump (4) of water tank (9) are connected, thermal management system (2) are connected with the control unit.
6. A thermally scalable fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein: the inlet end of the heat exchanger (6) is provided with a third temperature monitoring point (61) for measuring a temperature value T3.
7. A thermally scalable fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 5, wherein: the heat-demand system includes but is not limited to a heating system and a warm air system.
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