CN113437328B - Latent multi-module fuel cell thermal management system - Google Patents
Latent multi-module fuel cell thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113437328B CN113437328B CN202110569817.0A CN202110569817A CN113437328B CN 113437328 B CN113437328 B CN 113437328B CN 202110569817 A CN202110569817 A CN 202110569817A CN 113437328 B CN113437328 B CN 113437328B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a latent multi-module fuel cell heat management system, which comprises a plurality of fuel cell stacks, heat management subsystems, heat pipes and a seawater circulating pump, wherein the heat management subsystems, the heat pipes and the seawater circulating pump are correspondingly configured to the fuel cell stacks; the heat management subsystem comprises a heating device and a cooling water circulating pump, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with an evaporation end heat source inlet of the heat pipe, a condensation end of the heat pipe exchanges heat with outboard incident flow, an evaporation end heat source outlet of the heat pipe is communicated with an inlet of the cooling water circulating pump, and an outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; and the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with the inlet of the heating device. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the heat pipe is started to cool the cooling water in a conventional state, the pressure difference generated by phase change of the working medium is used for driving the circulation of the working medium, the outboard incident flow is used for realizing the heat dissipation, the auxiliary engine is not needed for driving, and the energy-saving and noise-reducing device has the advantages of energy conservation and noise reduction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ship power systems, and particularly provides a multi-module fuel cell thermal management system for a submarine/submersible vehicle.
Background
The fuel cell technology directly converts hydrogen energy into electric energy, has the advantages of cleanness, high efficiency, good stability, silence, no noise and the like, and can be expected to be widely applied to the field of ships in the future. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the fuel cell has the advantages of low working temperature, high starting speed, high reliability, convenient maintenance and the like, and is most widely applied. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells require high operating temperatures, with the optimum temperature range typically being between 60 and 90 ℃. The fuel cell is difficult to start due to the excessively low working temperature, and the electrochemical reaction activity is reduced; the rising of the working temperature can improve the activity of the catalyst and the output performance of the fuel cell, but the dehydration of the proton exchange membrane can be caused by the overhigh temperature, the performance of the membrane is reduced, the normal work of the cell is influenced, and even safety accidents can be caused. Therefore, effective thermal management is a prerequisite for ensuring efficient and safe operation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
The heat management system of the fuel cell adopts the heat dissipation device to exchange heat with the electric pile so as to achieve the purpose of regulating and controlling the working temperature of the fuel cell. In a traditional water-cooling type fuel cell heat management system, a cooling water pump guides cooling water into a galvanic pile to absorb heat, a thermostat in a pipeline system divides the cooling water after absorbing heat into two parts, one part enters a radiator to be cooled, the other part does not enter the radiator, the two parts of cooling water are mixed and then enter the galvanic pile again to absorb heat, and the outlet temperature of the cooling water is the working temperature of the fuel cell. In order to ensure that the fuel cell works in the optimal temperature range, the rotating speed of a radiator fan and the frequency of a cooling water pump need to be regulated and controlled.
Currently, research on a thermal management system of a fuel cell is mainly performed on a single-module fuel cell for a vehicle, which is greatly different from a latent fuel cell system: on one hand, the power requirement of a submersible power system is large, and a multi-module fuel cell is needed for combined energy supply; on the other hand, the heat exchanger of the vehicle system is air-cooled, the cooling effect is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of the fan, the latent fuel cell works in a closed environment, the heat radiation fan is not applicable any more, and other cooling modes need to be considered. In addition, in the process of sailing, the power consumption and the noise index of an auxiliary system such as a heat management system need to be considered. Therefore, the existing thermal management system for the vehicle fuel cell cannot meet the requirement of the submersible, and a quiet and efficient thermal management system needs to be developed for the submersible multi-module fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a latent multi-module fuel cell thermal management system which is simple in structure, quiet and efficient, and overcomes the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a latent multi-module fuel cell heat management system comprises a plurality of fuel cell stacks, heat management subsystems, heat pipes and seawater circulating pumps, wherein the heat management subsystems, the heat pipes and the seawater circulating pumps are correspondingly configured to the fuel cell stacks; the heat management subsystem comprises a heating device and a cooling water circulating pump, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with an inlet of the heating device, an outlet of the heating device is communicated with an inlet of the cooling water circulating pump, and an outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with the evaporation end heat source inlet of the heat pipe, the condensation end of the heat pipe exchanges heat with outboard incident flow, the evaporation end heat source outlet of the heat pipe is communicated with the inlet of the cooling water circulating pump, and the outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack.
According to the scheme, the heat management subsystem comprises a heat exchanger, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with a heat source inlet of the heat exchanger, and a heat source outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with an inlet of a cooling water circulating pump.
According to the scheme, a cold source inlet of the first heat management subsystem heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of the seawater circulating pump, a cold source outlet of the previous heat management subsystem heat exchanger is communicated with a cold source inlet of the next heat management subsystem heat exchanger, and a cold source outlet of the tail end heat management subsystem heat exchanger is communicated with an inlet of the seawater circulating pump.
According to the scheme, the heat management subsystem comprises a three-way valve, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with an inlet of the three-way valve through a pipeline, a first outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with an evaporation end heat source inlet of a heat pipe through a first branch, a first outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with a heat source inlet of a heat exchanger through a second branch, the evaporation end heat source outlet of the heat pipe and a heat source outlet of the heat exchanger are both communicated with an inlet of a cooling water circulating pump, and an outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; a second outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with an inlet of the heating device through a third branch; the first branch and the second branch are respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve.
According to the scheme, a cooling water outlet temperature sensor is arranged on a communication pipeline between a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack and an inlet of the three-way valve. And a cooling water inlet temperature sensor is arranged on a communication pipeline between the water inlet of the fuel cell stack and the outlet of the cooling water circulating pump.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the latent multi-module fuel cell heat management system, the heat pipe is started to cool cooling water in a conventional state, the pressure difference generated by phase change of the working medium is used for driving the circulation of the working medium, heat is dissipated by outboard incident flow, auxiliary engine driving is not needed, the power consumption of the heat management system can be effectively reduced, noise is not generated, and the latent multi-module fuel cell heat management system has the advantages of energy conservation and noise reduction.
2. The latent multi-module fuel cell heat management system provided by the invention fully considers the condition of insufficient heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe or limited work, designs a standby scheme, uses a seawater circulating pump to pump seawater, and cools cooling water through the heat exchanger, thereby ensuring that the working temperature of the fuel cell pack is in a reasonable range under various working conditions.
3. The latent multi-module fuel cell heat management system disclosed by the invention is simple and reliable in structure, the heat management subsystems of all the fuel cell modules share the seawater circulating pump and the outboard heat pipe condensation end, other components are independent, the coupling relation of heat management of all the fuel cell modules is weakened, and the three-way valve and the cooling water circulating pump of all the fuel cell heat management subsystems can be independently regulated and controlled, so that the high-efficiency control of the working temperature of all the fuel cells is realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of the operation of the present embodiment.
Wherein: 1. a fuel cell stack; 2. a three-way valve; 3. a second solenoid valve; 4. a heat exchanger; 5. a seawater circulating pump; 6. a first solenoid valve; 7. a heat pipe; 7-1, a heat pipe evaporation end; 7-2, a heat pipe condensation end; 8. a three-way pipe A; 9. a three-way pipe B; 10. a cooling water circulation pump; 11. a cooling water in-pile temperature sensor; 12. a cooling water outlet temperature sensor; 13. a heating device.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the latent multi-module fuel cell thermal management system includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks 1 constituting a power system of a submersible and sequentially arranged, a thermal management subsystem configured corresponding to each fuel cell stack 1, a heat pipe 7 and a seawater circulating pump 5; the heat management subsystem comprises a heating device 13 and a cooling water circulating pump 10, wherein a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is communicated with an inlet of the heating device 13, and an outlet of the heating device 13 is communicated with an inlet of the cooling water circulating pump 10; the outlet of the cooling water circulation pump 10 is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 1; the cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is communicated with the heat source inlet of the evaporation end 7-1 of the heat pipe 7, the condensation end 7-2 of the heat pipe 7 exchanges heat with outboard incident flow, the heat source outlet of the evaporation end 7-1 of the heat pipe 7 is communicated with the inlet of the cooling water circulating pump 10, and the outlet of the cooling water circulating pump 10 is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 1.
Preferably, the heat management subsystem comprises a heat exchanger 4, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is communicated with a heat source inlet of the heat exchanger 4, and a heat source outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with an inlet of a cooling water circulating pump 10.
Preferably, a cold source inlet of the first heat management subsystem heat exchanger 4 is connected with an outlet of the seawater circulating pump 5, a cold source outlet of the previous heat management subsystem heat exchanger 4 is communicated with a cold source inlet of the next heat management subsystem heat exchanger 4, and a cold source outlet of the tail end heat management subsystem heat exchanger 4 is communicated with an inlet of the seawater circulating pump 5.
Preferably, the heat management subsystem comprises a three-way valve 2, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is communicated with an inlet of the three-way valve 2 through a pipeline, a first outlet of the three-way valve 2 is communicated with a heat source inlet of an evaporation end 7-1 of the heat pipe 7 through a first branch, a first outlet of the three-way valve 2 is communicated with a heat source inlet of the heat exchanger 4 through a second branch, the heat source outlet of the evaporation end 7-1 of the heat pipe 7 and the heat source outlet of the heat exchanger 4 are both communicated with an inlet of a cooling water circulating pump 10, and an outlet of the cooling water circulating pump 10 is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 1; a second outlet of the three-way valve 2 is communicated with an inlet of the heating device 13 through a third branch; the first branch and the second branch are respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve.
Preferably, a cooling water stack temperature sensor 12 is installed on a communication pipe between a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and an inlet of the three-way valve 2 (the three-way valve 2 corresponding to the thermal management subsystem). A cooling water inlet temperature sensor 11 is installed on a communication pipe between the water inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the outlet of a cooling water circulation pump 10 (which is the cooling water circulation pump 10 corresponding to the thermal management subsystem).
In this embodiment, the thermal management system includes a fuel cell stack 1, a three-way valve 2, a first electromagnetic valve 6, a heat exchanger 4, a seawater circulating pump 5, a second electromagnetic valve 3, a heat pipe 7, and a heating device 13; a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is communicated with an inlet of a three-way valve 2 through a pipeline, a first outlet of the three-way valve 2 is communicated with a heat source inlet of an evaporation end 7-1 of a heat pipe 7 through a first branch, and a first electromagnetic valve 6 is arranged on the first branch; a first outlet of the three-way valve 2 is communicated with a heat source inlet of the heat exchanger 4 through a second branch, and a second electromagnetic valve 3 is installed on the second branch; the heat source outlet of the heat pipe 7 and the heat source outlet of the heat exchanger 4 are respectively communicated with two inlets of a three-way pipe A8 through pipelines, and the outlet of the three-way pipe A8 is communicated with a first inlet of a three-way pipe B9; a second outlet of the three-way valve 2 is communicated with an inlet of the heating device 13 through a third branch, an outlet of the heating device 13 is communicated with a second inlet of the three-way pipe B9, an outlet of the three-way pipe B9 is communicated with an inlet of the cooling water circulating pump 10, and an outlet of the cooling water circulating pump 10 is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack 1. The cold source inlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the outlet of the seawater circulating pump 5 through a cold source inlet pipeline, the cold source outlet of the heat exchanger 4 is communicated with the inlet of the seawater circulating pump 5 through a cold source outlet pipeline, the cold source inlet of the heat management subsystem heat exchanger 4 at the first end is connected with the outlet of the seawater circulating pump 5, the cold source outlet of the heat management subsystem at the previous end is communicated with the cold source inlet of the heat management subsystem at the next end, and the cold source outlet pipeline of the heat management subsystem at the tail end is communicated with the inlet of the seawater circulating pump 5.
In the present invention, the fuel cell stack 1 supplies power to a load according to the load demand, and also generates heat. The cooling water enters the fuel cell stack 1 to absorb heat, the three-way valve 2 is used for dividing the cooling water out of the stack into two parts, one part is cooled, the other part is not cooled, the proportion of the two parts of cooling water can be distributed through adjusting the opening degree of the three-way valve 2, and the control of the temperature of the cooling water entering the stack is realized. The two electromagnetic valves are used for regulating and controlling the cooling mode of the cooling water. The heat exchanger 4 is used for exchanging heat between the discharged cooling water and the seawater, so that the temperature is reduced. The seawater circulation pump 5 provides seawater. The heat pipe 7 is used for absorbing heat of the discharged cooling water and transferring the heat to the outboard, wherein the evaporation end 7-1 of the heat pipe 7 absorbs the heat of the cooling water, and the condensation end 7-2 of the heat pipe 7 releases the heat by utilizing the outboard incident flow. The three-way pipe B9 provides an interface for cooling water adopting different cooling modes; and the three-way pipe A8 is used for mixing the two parts of cooling water after heat exchange. The cooling water circulating pump 10 is used for providing cooling water, and the flow of the cooling water can be adjusted by changing the rotating speed of the circulating pump, so that the temperature difference of the cooling water entering and exiting the reactor can be controlled. The cooling water inlet temperature sensor 11 is used for measuring the inlet temperature of the cooling water. The cooling water outlet temperature sensor 12 is used for measuring the outlet temperature of the cooling water. The heating device 13 is used for heating the cooling water in the starting stage of the fuel cell to accelerate the starting of the fuel cell.
As shown in fig. 2, in the starting stage of the fuel cell, the heating device 13 is started, the temperature of the cooling water rises, the temperature of the cooling water discharged from the stack reaches the starting temperature of the fuel cell, the fuel cell is started, and the heating device 13 is turned off. In the fuel cell operation stage, under a conventional operation state, cooling water enters the fuel cell stack 1 to absorb heat, the heat pipe 7 is used for cooling the cooling water, the first electromagnetic valve 6 is opened, the second electromagnetic valve 3 is closed, the heat pipe 7 is used for cooling the stack-outlet cooling water, the cooling water flows through the evaporation end 7-1 of the heat pipe 7, a working medium in the evaporation end 7-1 is evaporated to absorb the heat of the stack-outlet cooling water, the condensation end 7-2 is positioned outboard, and the working medium realizes a condensation process by utilizing outboard incident flow to release the heat; the heat pipe 7 utilizes the pressure difference generated by the phase change of the working medium to drive the circulation of the working medium, does not need to be driven by an auxiliary machine, and has the advantages of energy conservation and noise reduction. When the heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe 7 is insufficient or the work is limited, the second electromagnetic valve 3 is opened, the first electromagnetic valve 6 is closed, the pile-out cooling water enters the heat exchanger 4 to exchange heat with the seawater provided by the seawater circulating pump 5, and the temperature is reduced. The two parts of cooling water are mixed through a three-way pipe B9 and then sent into the fuel cell stack 1 by a cooling water circulating pump 10 for heat exchange and are sequentially circulated.
The main control objects of the present invention are the three-way valve 2 and the cooling water circulation pump 10. The larger the opening of the three-way valve 2 is, the more cooling water is cooled, and the lower the temperature of the cooling water entering the reactor is, and the proportion of the two parts of cooling water is distributed by adjusting the opening of the three-way valve 2, so that the temperature of the cooling water entering the reactor can be controlled; the frequency of adjusting cooling water circulating pump 10 can change cooling water flow, and then control the pile cooling water discrepancy of putting in and out of the pile difference in temperature, and three-way valve 2 combines together with these two of cooling water circulating pump 10 and can realize the control to the cooling water temperature of putting out the pile, fuel cell operating temperature promptly. The heat management systems of all the fuel cell modules share the seawater circulating pump 5 and the condensing end 7-2 of the outboard heat pipe 7, other components are independent, the heat management coupling relation of all the fuel cell modules is weakened, the three-way valve 2 and the cooling water circulating pump 10 of all the fuel cell heat management subsystems can be independently regulated and controlled, and therefore the high-efficiency control of the working temperature of all the fuel cells is achieved.
A power system of the submersible needs to be supplied with energy by combining a plurality of fuel cells, and a thermal management system of the submersible needs to take system power consumption and noise indexes into consideration while controlling the working temperature of the plurality of fuel cells. The invention provides a heat management system based on a heat pipe technology, which realizes quiet and efficient multi-module fuel cell heat management and ensures stable and efficient operation of a fuel cell pack under various working conditions.
It should be noted that, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like can be made in the embodiments or some of the features of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and the principle of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A latent multi-module fuel cell heat management system is characterized by comprising a plurality of fuel cell stacks, heat management subsystems, heat pipes and seawater circulating pumps, wherein the heat management subsystems are correspondingly configured with the fuel cell stacks; the heat management subsystem comprises a heating device and a cooling water circulating pump, wherein a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with an inlet of the heating device, and an outlet of the heating device is communicated with an inlet of the cooling water circulating pump; the outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is communicated with the cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with a heat source inlet of an evaporation end of the heat pipe, a condensation end of the heat pipe exchanges heat with outboard incident flow, the heat source outlet of the evaporation end of the heat pipe is communicated with an inlet of a cooling water circulating pump, and an outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; the heat management subsystem comprises a heat exchanger, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with a heat source inlet of the heat exchanger, and a heat source outlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with an inlet of a cooling water circulating pump; a cold source inlet of the first heat management subsystem heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of the seawater circulating pump, a cold source outlet of the previous heat management subsystem heat exchanger is communicated with a cold source inlet of the next heat management subsystem heat exchanger, and a cold source outlet of the tail end heat management subsystem heat exchanger is communicated with an inlet of the seawater circulating pump; the heat management subsystem comprises a three-way valve, a cooling water outlet of the fuel cell stack is communicated with an inlet of the three-way valve through a pipeline, a first outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with an evaporation end heat source inlet of the heat pipe through a first branch, a first outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with a heat source inlet of the heat exchanger through a second branch, the evaporation end heat source outlet of the heat pipe and the heat source outlet of the heat exchanger are both communicated with an inlet of a cooling water circulating pump, and an outlet of the cooling water circulating pump is communicated with a cooling water inlet of the fuel cell stack; a second outlet of the three-way valve is communicated with an inlet of the heating device through a third branch; the first branch and the second branch are respectively provided with an electromagnetic valve; the larger the opening of the three-way valve is, the more cooling water for cooling is, and the lower the temperature of the cooling water entering the reactor is, and the proportion of the two parts of cooling water is distributed by adjusting the opening of the three-way valve, so that the temperature of the cooling water entering the reactor can be controlled; the frequency of adjusting the cooling water circulating pump can change the cooling water flow, and then control the pile cooling water to go in and out the pile difference in temperature, and the three-way valve combines together with the cooling water circulating pump these two and can realize going out the pile temperature to the cooling water, the control of fuel cell operating temperature promptly.
2. The latent multi-module fuel cell thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein a cooling water stack outlet temperature sensor is installed on a communication pipe between the fuel cell stack cooling water outlet and the inlet of the three-way valve; and a cooling water inlet temperature sensor is arranged on a communication pipeline between the water inlet of the fuel cell stack and the outlet of the cooling water circulating pump.
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