CN113436762A - Reactor core fluidity and densification experimental device and method for pebble-bed gas cooled reactor - Google Patents
Reactor core fluidity and densification experimental device and method for pebble-bed gas cooled reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN113436762A CN113436762A CN202110706321.3A CN202110706321A CN113436762A CN 113436762 A CN113436762 A CN 113436762A CN 202110706321 A CN202110706321 A CN 202110706321A CN 113436762 A CN113436762 A CN 113436762A
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- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
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- G21C17/001—Mechanical simulators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and method for reactor core fluidity and densification of a pebble-bed gas cooled reactor, wherein the experimental device comprises a metal container, a counter, a fan and a plurality of graphite nodules; the interior of the metal container is divided into a circular area and a plurality of annular areas from inside to outside on the same cross section, wherein each annular area is divided into a plurality of subareas, all graphite nodules are divided into a plurality of groups, each circular area and each subarea respectively correspond to one group of graphite nodules, each group of graphite nodules are arranged in the corresponding subarea and the circular area, and each graphite nodule is internally provided with an identification chip; the bottom outlet of the metal container is communicated with the top inlet of the metal container through a counter, the bottom exhaust port of the metal container is communicated with the top air inlet of the metal container through a fan, and the device and the method can analyze the fluidity and the densification of graphite nodules in the reactor core.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of a pebble-bed gas cooled reactor experimental device, and relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for reactor core fluidity and densification of a pebble-bed gas cooled reactor.
Background
The pebble-bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor uses graphite-coated uranium dioxide particles as reactor core fuel, the loading capacity of the reactor core fuel spheres is generally more than 10 ten thousand, the reactor core fuel spheres are circulated uninterruptedly through a loading and unloading system, and the fuel spheres with the fuel consumption reaching a certain depth are unloaded and are reloaded into new fuel spheres. The circulating fuel spheres enter the reactor core through a charging pipeline at the center of the top of the reactor core, the shape of the reactor core is a cylindrical space with the bottom forming a funnel shape, and the fuel spheres are discharged through a discharging pipeline at the center of the bottom of the reactor core by means of gravity. After the fuel balls pass through the burnup detection, the fuel balls which are not at the designed burnup depth are lifted to the charging pipeline by the lifting device and fall into the top of the reactor core again. Because the flowing speeds of fuel spheres in different areas in the reactor core to the discharge port are different, the internal consumption and the neutron irradiation level of the fuel spheres in the reactor core are different, and the long-term operation can also cause the densification of the reactor core to prevent the fuel spheres from being discharged out of the reactor core. At present, the reactor core fluidity and the compactness lack reliable experimental devices and experimental methods for practical verification, and the degree of the increase of the flow resistance and the reduction of the flow of the reactor core cooling gas caused by the compactness lacks experimental data and an evaluation method. The fluidity and densification analysis of the pebble bed reactor core are insufficient, and the further development of the pebble bed high-temperature gas cooled reactor is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a reactor core fluidity and densification experimental device and method of a pebble-bed gas cooled reactor, which can analyze the fluidity and densification of graphite nodules in a reactor core.
In order to achieve the purpose, the reactor core fluidity and densification experimental device of the pebble-bed gas cooled reactor comprises a metal container, a counter, a fan and a plurality of graphite spheres;
the interior of the metal container is divided into a circular area and a plurality of annular areas from inside to outside on the same cross section, wherein each annular area is divided into a plurality of subareas, all graphite nodules are divided into a plurality of groups, each circular area and each subarea respectively correspond to one group of graphite nodules, each group of graphite nodules are arranged in the corresponding subarea and the circular area, and each graphite nodule is internally provided with an identification chip;
the bottom outlet of the metal container is communicated with the top inlet of the metal container through a counter, and the bottom exhaust port of the metal container is communicated with the top air inlet of the metal container through a fan.
The bottom outlet of the metal container is communicated with the top inlet of the metal container through a ball unloading pipe, a lifting device and a ball loading pipe in sequence, and the counter is arranged on the ball loading pipe.
The ball discharging pipe is provided with a ball discharging valve.
The ball storage tank and the ball compensation valve are also included; the outlet of the ball storage tank is communicated with the inlet of the lifting device through a ball supplementing valve.
The bottom exhaust port of the metal container is communicated with the top air inlet of the metal container through an exhaust pipeline, a heat exchanger module, a fan and an air supply pipeline.
The exhaust pipeline is provided with a ball bed outlet pressure gauge and a flowmeter, and the gas supply pipeline is provided with a ball bed inlet pressure gauge.
The compressor also comprises a compressor and an inflation valve, and the outlet of the compressor is communicated with the air supply pipeline through the inflation valve.
The metal container is internally provided with a container internal gas temperature sensor.
The inner wall of the metal container is provided with a graphite brick layer.
The experimental method for reactor core fluidity and densification of the pebble-bed gas cooled reactor comprises the following steps:
graphite balls are filled into the corresponding subareas and the circular areas;
and (3) opening the fan, pressurizing the metal container by the fan, discharging the graphite nodules in the metal container through an outlet at the bottom of the metal container by means of gravity, identifying and counting by the counter, entering the metal container, identifying and counting the circulation times of the graphite nodules in each group of graphite nodules by the counter, and determining the flowability of the graphite nodules at different positions in the metal container.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the experimental device and the method for the fluidity and the densification of the reactor core of the pebble-bed gas-cooled reactor, during specific operation, all graphite spheres are divided into a plurality of groups, then the groups are respectively arranged in different regions of a metal container, the graphite spheres are driven to circularly flow by air pressure provided by a fan, the number of times of the circular flow of the graphite spheres in each region is counted by using a counter, and the fluidity and the densification of the reactor core of the pebble-bed gas-cooled reactor are evaluated by using the number of times of the circular flow of the graphite spheres, so that the experimental device and the experimental method are simple, reliable and high in experimental precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the initial zone loading of graphite nodules 3.
Wherein, 1 is a metal container, 2 is a graphite brick layer, 3 is a graphite ball, 3-1 is a gas temperature sensor in the container, 4 is a ball discharging pipe, 5 is a ball discharging valve, 6 is a ball supplementing valve, 7 is a ball storage tank, 8 is a lifting device, 9 is a counter, 10 is a ball loading pipe, 11 is a ball bed outlet pressure gauge, 12 is a compressor, 13 is an inflation valve, 14 is a flowmeter, 15 is a heat exchanger module, 16 is a fan, 17 is a ball bed inlet pressure gauge, 18-1 is a gas supply pipeline, and 18-2 is an exhaust pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
There is shown in the drawings a schematic block diagram of a disclosed embodiment in accordance with the invention. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 1, the reactor core fluidity and densification experimental apparatus for a pebble bed gas cooled reactor according to the present invention includes a metal container 1, a graphite brick layer 2, graphite spheres 3, a sphere discharge pipe 4, a sphere discharge valve 5, a sphere supplement valve 6, a sphere storage tank 7, a lifting device 8, a counter 9, a sphere loading pipe 10, a pebble bed outlet pressure gauge 11, a compressor 12, an inflation valve 13, a flowmeter 14, a heat exchanger module 15, a fan 16, a pebble bed inlet pressure gauge 17, a gas supply pipeline 18-1, and an exhaust pipeline 18-2;
the inner wall of the metal container 1 is provided with a graphite brick layer 2, the bottoms of the metal container 1 and the graphite brick layer 2 are funnel-shaped, a plurality of graphite nodules 3 are arranged in the metal container 1, and identification chips are arranged in the graphite nodules 3;
the bottom outlet of the metal container 1 is communicated with the top inlet of the metal container 1 through a ball unloading pipe 4, a lifting device 8 and a ball loading pipe 10 in sequence, a ball unloading valve 5 is arranged on the ball unloading pipe 4, a counter 9 is arranged on the ball loading pipe 10, the outlet of a ball storage tank 7 is communicated with the inlet of the lifting device 8 through a ball supplementing valve 6, and the ball loading pipes 10 are distributed in an inclined mode.
The bottom exhaust port of the metal container 1 is communicated with the top air inlet of the metal container 1 through an exhaust pipeline 18-2, a heat exchanger module 15, a fan 16 and an air supply pipeline 18-1, a ball bed outlet pressure gauge 11 and a flowmeter 14 are arranged on the exhaust pipeline 18-2, a ball bed inlet pressure gauge 17 is arranged on the air supply pipeline 18-1, and the outlet of the compressor 12 is communicated with the air supply pipeline 18-1 through an inflation valve 13.
On the same cross section, the metal container 1 is divided into a circular area, a first annular area, a second annular area and a third annular area from inside to outside, wherein the first annular area, the second annular area and the third annular area are all divided into five subareas, and the circular area is used as one subarea, so that 16 subareas are formed. All graphite nodules 3 are divided into 16 groups, wherein one group of graphite nodules 3 corresponds to one partition. And the identification chip in each graphite nodule 3 is used for identifying the corresponding subarea.
The lifting device 8 is a spiral mechanical lifting device, and the rotating speed of the motor in the lifting device 8 is adjusted to adjust the lifting speed of the graphite nodules 3, so that the circulating speed of the graphite nodules 3 is adjusted.
The metal container 1 is internally provided with a container gas temperature sensor 3-1.
The heat exchanger module 15 is a U-shaped heat transfer pipe, a spiral heat transfer pipe, a direct heat transfer pipe, and can be replaced as required for verifying the deposition characteristics of graphite dust.
The experimental method for the fluidity and the densification of the reactor core of the pebble-bed gas cooled reactor comprises the following steps:
1) all the graphite nodules 3 are loaded into corresponding subareas, wherein the number of the graphite nodules 3 in each subarea is more than or equal to 5000, a compressor 12 and an inflation valve 13 are opened, and gas is filled into the system to the experimental pressure;
2) starting a fan 16 and a lifting device 8, filling gas into the metal container 1 through the fan 16, circulating the graphite nodules 3 in the metal container 1 through a nodule discharge tube 4, the lifting device 8 and a nodule loading tube 10 under the action of air pressure, recording the circulating times of the graphite nodules 3 in each group of graphite nodules 3 through a counter 9 in the circulating process, and determining the flowability of the graphite nodules 3 in 16 subareas in the pebble bed;
in addition, gas discharged from the bottom of the metal container 1 sequentially enters the metal container 1 through the exhaust pipeline 18-2, the heat exchanger module 15, the fan 16 and the gas supply pipeline 18-1, and circulation of the gas is achieved. In the process, the flow resistance of the ball bed is calculated through the air pressure measured by the ball bed outlet pressure gauge 11 and the ball bed inlet pressure gauge 17, the air flow of the ball bed is monitored through the flow meter 14, the flow resistance change trend of the ball bed in the long-term circulation state of the experimental device is monitored, and therefore the densification effect of the graphite ball bed is determined.
Meanwhile, the deposition characteristics of the graphite dust in the heat exchanger module 15 are analyzed by periodically checking the deposition amount of the graphite dust in the heat exchanger module 15.
The invention can also be used for carrying out experiments under any of the following variables: different lifting speeds of the lifting device 8, different composition of the gas environment, different gas pressures, different gas flows, different heat exchanger shapes.
Claims (10)
1. The reactor core fluidity and densification experimental device of the pebble-bed gas cooled reactor is characterized by comprising a metal container (1), a counter (9), a fan (16) and a plurality of graphite spheres (3);
the interior of the metal container (1) is divided into a circular area and a plurality of annular areas from inside to outside on the same cross section, wherein each annular area is divided into a plurality of partitions, all graphite nodules (3) are divided into a plurality of groups, each circular area and each partition correspond to one group of graphite nodules (3), each group of graphite nodules (3) are arranged in the corresponding partition and the circular area, and each graphite nodule (3) is internally provided with an identification chip;
the bottom outlet of the metal container (1) is communicated with the top inlet of the metal container (1) through a counter (9), and the bottom exhaust port of the metal container (1) is communicated with the top air inlet of the metal container (1) through a fan (16).
2. The reactor core fluidity and densification experimental device of the pebble bed gas cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein a bottom outlet of the metal container (1) is communicated with a top inlet of the metal container (1) through a ball unloading pipe (4), a lifting device (8) and a ball loading pipe (10) in sequence, and the counter (9) is arranged on the ball loading pipe (10).
3. The experimental device for core fluidity and densification of the pebble-bed gas cooled reactor according to claim 2, wherein the ball discharging valve (5) is arranged on the ball discharging pipe (4).
4. The apparatus for testing fluidity and densification of reactor core of pebble-bed gas cooled reactor according to claim 2, further comprising a storage sphere tank (7) and a ball supplement valve (6); the outlet of the ball storage tank (7) is communicated with the inlet of the lifting device (8) through the ball supplementing valve (6).
5. The reactor core fluidity and densification experimental device of the pebble bed gas cooled reactor according to claim 1, wherein a bottom exhaust port of the metal container (1) is communicated with a top air inlet of the metal container (1) through an exhaust pipeline (18-2), a heat exchanger module (15), a fan (16) and an air supply pipeline (18-1).
6. The apparatus for testing fluidity and densification of reactor core of pebble-bed gas-cooled reactor according to claim 5, wherein the exhaust pipe (18-2) is provided with a pebble-bed outlet pressure gauge (11) and a flowmeter (14), and the gas supply pipe (18-1) is provided with a pebble-bed inlet pressure gauge (17).
7. The apparatus for testing the fluidity and the densification of the core of the pebble-bed gas cooled reactor according to claim 5, further comprising a compressor (12) and an inflation valve (13), wherein an outlet of the compressor (12) is communicated with the gas supply pipeline (18-1) through the inflation valve (13).
8. The reactor core fluidity and densification experimental apparatus of the pebble bed gas cooled reactor according to claim 5, wherein a gas temperature sensor (3-1) in the metal container (1) is arranged in the metal container.
9. The reactor core fluidity and densification experimental apparatus for a pebble bed gas cooled reactor according to claim 5, wherein the graphite brick layer (2) is installed on the inner wall of the metal container (1).
10. An experimental method for reactor core fluidity and densification of a pebble-bed gas cooled reactor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
graphite balls (3) are arranged in the corresponding subareas and the circular areas;
the method comprises the steps of opening a fan (16), pressurizing the interior of a metal container (1) through the fan (16), discharging graphite nodules (3) in the metal container (1) through an outlet in the bottom of the metal container (1) by means of gravity, identifying and counting through a counter (9), then enabling the graphite nodules to enter the metal container (1), identifying and counting the circulation times of the graphite nodules (3) in each group of graphite nodules (3) through the counter (9), and determining the flowability of the graphite nodules (3) at different positions in the metal container (1).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110706321.3A CN113436762A (en) | 2021-06-24 | 2021-06-24 | Reactor core fluidity and densification experimental device and method for pebble-bed gas cooled reactor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114334200A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-12 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Detection system for fuel ball integrity in high-temperature gas cooled reactor operating state |
| CN115148385A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-04 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Core unloading device and method for pebble-bed reactor |
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2021
- 2021-06-24 CN CN202110706321.3A patent/CN113436762A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114334200A (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-04-12 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Detection system for fuel ball integrity in high-temperature gas cooled reactor operating state |
| CN115148385A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-10-04 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Core unloading device and method for pebble-bed reactor |
| CN115148385B (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-05-07 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Discharging device and method for reactor core of pebble-bed reactor |
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