CN113433551A - Measuring point layout method for detecting cracks of underwater plane-shaped pier through imaging sonar - Google Patents
Measuring point layout method for detecting cracks of underwater plane-shaped pier through imaging sonar Download PDFInfo
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- CN113433551A CN113433551A CN202110812043.XA CN202110812043A CN113433551A CN 113433551 A CN113433551 A CN 113433551A CN 202110812043 A CN202110812043 A CN 202110812043A CN 113433551 A CN113433551 A CN 113433551A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S15/89—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring point layout method for detecting cracks of an underwater plane-shaped pier by imaging sonar. The method is used for deploying a plurality of measuring points to carry out complete detection on the plane crack of the pier. The detection pier object is a plane pier; the measuring point layout method is based on the detection and positioning of the sonar center axial direction right facing the pier plane. In the measuring point arrangement method, when the distance between a sonar and a pier plane along the normal direction of the pier plane is kept unchanged, a plurality of measuring points can be arranged by transversely moving and vertically moving the sonar, and the wave beam ranges of adjacent measuring points are ensured to mutually cover to compensate the range of blind areas which cannot be detected under each measuring point, so that the complete detection of the cracks of the pier plane is realized. The method can completely detect the plane pier cracks, simultaneously reduce the distribution quantity of the measuring points and improve the detection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of defect detection of underwater piers, and particularly relates to a measuring point layout method for detecting cracks of an underwater plane-shaped pier by imaging sonar.
Background
The bridge underwater structure is an important component for ensuring the safe operation of the bridge, and the bridge pier is in a complex and severe underwater environment for a long time and is subjected to various disease defects caused by seawater erosion, alternate change of temperature and humidity and long-term scouring. The planar pier is easy to crack due to large surface area under the influence of external temperature and humidity changes. Cracks greatly harm the bridge structure, seriously affect the durability and safety of the structure and need to be detected regularly.
Optical imaging is influenced by quality of water greatly, can only closely local detection, detection efficiency low, and sonar imaging detection detects in aqueous detection and has the advantage that gets unique, receives the turbidity influence under water little during the detection, can detect on a large scale, detection efficiency is high. However, the sonar imaging detection technology is mainly and intensively applied to detection of underwater macroscopic objects, and is less in application to detection of fine diseases such as cracks of underwater piers. The existing research adopts sonar equipment to detect the plane shape pier crack under water, and the measuring point of sonar is laid and is directly influenced detection efficiency and pier plane crack detection's integrality.
Therefore, a measuring point arrangement method for detecting the underwater plane-shaped bridge pier cracks through imaging sonar is needed to improve the detection efficiency and realize complete detection of the bridge pier plane cracks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a measuring point arrangement method for detecting cracks of an underwater plane pier by imaging sonar, which can completely detect the cracks of the plane pier and simultaneously reduce the arrangement quantity of measuring points and improve the detection efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a measuring point layout method for detecting underwater plane-shaped bridge pier cracks through imaging sonar is used for deploying a plurality of measuring points to carry out complete detection on a bridge pier plane, and the measuring point layout method is based on vertical right-facing positioning, namely, a sonar probe faces the bridge pier plane and the central axis of the sonar probe is perpendicular to the bridge pier plane to carry out measuring point layout; when the distance between the sonar and the pier plane along the normal direction of the pier plane is kept unchanged, a plurality of measuring points can be distributed through the horizontal movement and vertical movement of the sonar positions to completely detect cracks of the pier plane, and the beam ranges of the adjacent measuring points can be mutually covered to compensate the blind area range which cannot be detected by each measuring point.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the pier is a planar pier.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the distance between a sonar plane and a pier plane along the normal direction of the pier plane is kept constant, a single measuring point is arranged to have a fixed blind area range and a maximum scanning range under the condition of meeting the requirement of crack detection precision, namely, the radius R of the blind area range and the radius R of the maximum scanning range are determined.
In one embodiment of the invention, the measuring points are uniformly distributed at equal intervals along the plane of the pier in the transverse direction and the vertical direction.
In one embodiment of the invention, the maximum scanning range of the first row of measuring points and the last row of measuring points for placing the sonar needs to exceed the distance R/2 between the top and the bottom of the pier respectively, so that the sonar wave beams can completely cover the top and the bottom area of the pier, and R is the radius of the maximum scanning range under a single measuring point.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the measuring points are distributed along the vertical direction of the bridge pier, the maximum scanning range R of each measuring point needs to exceed the edge of the blind area range of the adjacent measuring point by the distance S, so that the problem of incomplete plane bridge pier crack detection caused by the posture deflection of sonar equipment due to environmental factors in the detection process is solved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, according to the geometric relationship between the sonar wave beam coverage area and the vertical length of the pier plane, there are:
(n-1) (R-S-R) + R ═ t (formula 1)
n is the number of vertically arranged measuring points, R is the maximum scanning range of each measuring point, R is the blind area range radius of each measuring point, S is the exceeding distance of the maximum scanning range R of each measuring point exceeding the blind area range edge of the adjacent measuring point, and t is the plane vertical length of the bridge pier;
let S be 0, the number n of vertically arranged measurement points is calculated as follows:
wherein f (x) is a rounding function;
from equations 2 and 3, S can be calculated:
from top to bottom ith sonar transfer measurement station and pier plane top edge's distance HiThe calculation is as follows:
the measuring points are horizontally arranged along the plane of the pier in a translation mode, the edge of a sonar wave beam covering surface of two adjacent measuring points and the upper edge of the plane of the pier are intersected at one point, the sonar completely scans the plane of the pier, and the number m of the measuring points is transversely arranged according to the geometric relationship and is calculated as follows:
wherein k is the pier width of the pier;
therefore, the plane of the pier can be completely scanned by arranging m multiplied by n measuring points.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the underwater plane pier is detected based on a sonar imaging method, the detection is less influenced by the turbidity of water quality, the detection can be carried out in a large range, and the detection efficiency is high; the method can be used for completely detecting the plane crack of the pier, and meanwhile, the arrangement quantity of the measuring points is small, so that the detection efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of measuring points in the vertical direction for crack detection of an underwater plane pier.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the measuring points in the transverse direction for crack detection of the underwater plane pier.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is specifically explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a measuring point arrangement method for detecting cracks of an underwater plane-shaped pier by imaging sonar, which is used for arranging a plurality of measuring points to completely detect the plane of the pier (the pier is a plane-shaped pier), wherein the measuring point arrangement method is based on the arrangement of the vertical dead-against measuring points, namely, a sonar probe faces to the plane of the pier, and the central axis of the sonar probe is perpendicular to the plane of the pier to arrange the measuring points; when the distance between the sonar and the pier plane along the normal direction of the pier plane is kept unchanged, a plurality of measuring points can be distributed through the horizontal movement and vertical movement of the sonar positions to completely detect cracks of the pier plane, and the beam ranges of the adjacent measuring points can be mutually covered to compensate the blind area range which cannot be detected by each measuring point.
The following is a specific embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the measuring point arrangement method for detecting cracks of an underwater plane-shaped pier through imaging sonar is used for deploying a plurality of measuring points to completely detect the plane of the pier, the detected pier object is a plane-shaped pier, the measuring point arrangement method is based on the arrangement of the vertical dead-facing measuring points, namely a sonar probe faces the plane of the pier and the central axis is perpendicular to the plane of the pier, the measuring points are arranged, the measuring point arrangement method can mutually cover the beam range of adjacent measuring points in the vertical direction of the pier to compensate the range of blind areas which cannot be detected under each measuring point, and as shown in figure 1, the beam covers two pairs of measuring points O on the surface1Completely covering a corresponding first range of the blind area; the measuring point arranging method is characterized in that when a sonar and a pier plane are fixed along the normal distance of the plane, a plurality of measuring points can be arranged through transverse movement or vertical equidistant movement of the sonar to completely scan the pier plane, as shown in figure 1, a plurality of measuring points are arranged through vertical equidistant movement, and as shown in figure 2, a plurality of measuring points are arranged through transverse equidistant movement. Let n be the number of vertical direction measuring points, m be the number of transverse direction measuring points, t be the pier length, k be the pier width, and R be the maximum scanning range radius under a single measuring point,and r is the radius of the blind area under the single measuring point.
When the distance between a sonar and a bridge pier plane along the normal direction of the bridge pier plane is kept unchanged, under the condition that the requirement of crack detection precision is met, a single measuring point arranged has a scanning range with the largest fixed blind area range, namely, the radius R of the blind area range and the radius R of the maximum scanning range are determined, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the radius of the blind area of each measuring point is R, and the radius of the maximum scanning range is R.
As shown in the figures 1 and 2, when the normal distance between a sonar and a plane of a pier is fixed, measuring points are distributed through horizontal and vertical movement, wherein in the vertical direction of the pier, the wave beam ranges of adjacent measuring points can be mutually covered to compensate the blind area range which cannot be detected by each measuring point, and the complete scanning of the plane of the pier is ensured.
As shown in figure 1, the maximum scanning ranges of the first row of measuring points and the last row of measuring points of the lower sonar equipment need to exceed the distances R/2 between the top and the bottom of the pier respectively, and the wave beams can completely cover the top and the bottom area of the pier.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the maximum scanning range of each measuring point needs to exceed the blind area boundary range of adjacent measuring points by a distance S, so as to prevent incomplete scanning of the plane pier caused by the posture deflection of sonar equipment due to environmental factors in the detection process.
Finally, the number of the measuring points needing to be arranged in the vertical direction and the transverse direction and the required lowering depth of the sonar at each measuring point can be determined.
As shown in fig. 1, according to the geometrical relationship between the acoustic wave coverage area and the length of the bridge pier, there are:
(n-1) (R-S-R) + R ═ t (formula 1)
n is the number of vertically arranged measuring points, R is the maximum scanning range of each measuring point, R is the blind area range radius of each measuring point, S is the exceeding distance of the maximum scanning range R of each measuring point exceeding the blind area range edge of the adjacent measuring point, and t is the plane vertical length of the bridge pier;
let S be 0, the number n of vertically arranged measurement points is calculated as follows:
wherein f (x) is a rounding function;
from equations 2 and 3, S can be calculated:
as shown in figure 1, from the top down the ith sonar lowers the distance H between the measuring point and the upper edge of the pier planeiThe calculation is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, measuring points are transversely arranged in a translation manner along a pier plane, the edge of a sonar wave beam covering surface with two adjacent measuring points intersects with the upper edge of the pier plane at one point, so that the sonar completely scans the pier plane, and the number m of the measuring points transversely arranged is calculated as follows according to the geometric relationship:
wherein k is the pier width of the pier;
therefore, the plane of the pier can be completely scanned by arranging m multiplied by n measuring points.
The above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all changes made according to the technical scheme of the present invention that produce functional effects do not exceed the scope of the technical scheme of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A measuring point layout method for detecting underwater plane-shaped bridge pier cracks by imaging sonar is used for deploying a plurality of measuring points to carry out complete detection on a bridge pier plane and is characterized in that the measuring point layout method is based on vertical right-facing positioning, namely, a sonar probe faces the bridge pier plane and the central axis is vertical to the bridge pier plane to carry out measuring point layout; when the distance between the sonar and the pier plane along the normal direction of the pier plane is kept unchanged, a plurality of measuring points can be distributed through the horizontal movement and vertical movement of the sonar positions to completely detect cracks of the pier plane, and the beam ranges of the adjacent measuring points can be mutually covered to compensate the blind area range which cannot be detected by each measuring point.
2. The method for arranging the measuring points for detecting the cracks of the underwater plane pier by the imaging sonar according to claim 1, wherein the pier is a plane pier.
3. The method for arranging the measuring points for detecting the cracks of the underwater plane pier by the imaging sonar according to claim 1, is characterized in that when the distance between the sonar and the plane of the pier along the normal direction of the plane of the pier is kept constant, a fixed blind area range and a maximum scanning range exist in arranging a single measuring point under the condition that the crack detection precision requirement is met, namely, the radius R of the blind area range and the radius R of the maximum scanning range are determined.
4. The method for arranging the measuring points for detecting the cracks of the underwater plane pier by the imaging sonar according to claim 1, wherein the measuring points are uniformly arranged at equal intervals along the plane of the pier in the transverse direction and the vertical direction.
5. The method for arranging the measuring points for detecting the cracks of the underwater plane-shaped pier by the imaging sonar according to claim 1, is characterized in that the maximum scanning range of the first measuring point and the last measuring point for placing the sonar needs to exceed the distance R/2 from the top and the bottom of the pier respectively, so that the whole coverage of the area range of the top and the bottom of the pier by sonar wave beams is ensured, and R is the radius of the maximum scanning range under a single measuring point.
6. The method for arranging the measuring points for detecting the cracks of the underwater plane pier by the imaging sonar according to claim 1, wherein when the measuring points are arranged in the vertical direction of the pier, the maximum scanning range R of each measuring point needs to exceed the edge of the blind area range of the adjacent measuring point by the distance S, so that the problem of incomplete detection of the cracks of the plane pier due to the posture deflection of sonar equipment caused by environmental factors in the detection process is solved.
7. The method for arranging the measuring points for detecting the cracks of the underwater plane pier by the imaging sonar according to claim 1, is characterized in that according to the geometric relationship between a sonar wave beam coverage area and the vertical length of the plane of the pier, the method comprises the following steps:
(n-1) (R-S-R) + R ═ t (formula 1)
n is the number of vertically arranged measuring points, R is the maximum scanning range of each measuring point, R is the blind area range radius of each measuring point, S is the exceeding distance of the maximum scanning range R of each measuring point exceeding the blind area range edge of the adjacent measuring point, and t is the plane vertical length of the bridge pier;
let S be 0, the number n of vertically arranged measurement points is calculated as follows:
wherein f (x) is a rounding function;
from equations 2 and 3, S can be calculated:
from top to bottom ith sonar transfer measurement station and pier plane top edge's distance HiThe calculation is as follows:
the measuring points are horizontally arranged along the plane of the pier in a translation mode, the edge of a sonar wave beam covering surface of two adjacent measuring points and the upper edge of the plane of the pier are intersected at one point, the sonar completely scans the plane of the pier, and the number m of the measuring points is transversely arranged according to the geometric relationship and is calculated as follows:
wherein k is the pier width of the pier;
therefore, the plane of the pier can be completely scanned by arranging m multiplied by n measuring points.
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