CN113432886A - Vehicle full-life cycle vibration impact testing method and device - Google Patents
Vehicle full-life cycle vibration impact testing method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle detection, in particular to a method and a device for testing the whole life cycle vibration impact of a vehicle; particularly, a cushion type three-way acceleration sensor and a vertical acceleration sensor are arranged at a specific position of a vehicle to test data of an impact vibration state in the whole life cycle of the vehicle; transmitting the measured data to a data acquisition instrument, and extracting the characteristics of the mean value, root mean square, peak value, crest factor, power spectrum barycentric frequency and amplitude of the data through data processing software; sending the result data of the characteristics to a black box recorder; after the test, the data in the black box recorder is transmitted to an upper computer, and the data is further processed and analyzed through signal processing software of the upper computer; under various working conditions of the whole vehicle life cycle, the method collects and quantifies important characteristic parameters of key parts of the off-road vehicle in real time, extracts key performance data and comprehensively describes the basic performance of the off-road vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle testing, in particular to a method and a device for testing full-life-cycle vibration impact of an off-road vehicle.
Background
Although modern high-technology local wars are large-depth, multi-level and omnibearing three-dimensional wars formed by combining multiple weapons, the equipment of cross-country vehicles such as tanks, self-propelled artillery, armored vehicles and the like still have important functions in modern land assault wars, particularly modern tanks and armored vehicles adopt advanced composite materials, novel composite armor technologies and latest explosion reaction armor technologies in a large amount, and integrate the technologies such as command, control, information processing, positioning and navigation and the like, and are provided with strong firepower systems, so that the tank has stronger survivability and higher fighting efficiency, and plays a significant role in future military wars. With the development of high speed, high efficiency, light weight and high power, the man-machine environment of the weaponry is increasingly complex and worsened, the problems of vibration, noise, temperature, humidity, air quality, operating environment and the like are increasingly highlighted, and the man-machine-environment problem becomes a key content of the technical research of the off-road vehicles.
The continuous improvement of the equipment technical complexity and the continuous increase of the guarantee cost can not meet the requirements of equipment combat readiness integrity and sustainable combat only by implementing simple mechanical performance design and analysis based on reliability and maintainability. In recent modern local wars, countries strive to use various new weaponry, which are increasingly complex in composition, increasingly large in system, and increasingly numerous in quantity. Compared with the prior art, the modern war is more violent, the war measuring environment is more complex, the equipment war loss is more frequent, the maintenance task is heavier, and the vibration impact test and analysis of the armored equipment system become important conditions for the reliable operation of the equipment.
Along with the complexity of the cross-country equipment system, the difficulty of data processing work of comprehensive testing is increased, and the traditional method is low in working efficiency of manual testing and calculation and easy to make mistakes, so that unreasonable results are caused. The method provides systematic, scientific and objective basis for the overall performance of the off-road equipment system, and is necessary to organically link the factors of all aspects of the system performance to comprehensively measure, so that the result obtains the comprehensive optimal effect, and accurate basis is provided for a decision maker to select the optimal scheme.
As an important weapon and defense performance of army battles, off-road vehicles such as tanks play an indispensable important role. And the quality of the vibration performance of the whole cross-country vehicle system has very important influence on the maneuverability and smoothness of the whole cross-country vehicle, and the comprehensive performance design and analysis of the whole cross-country vehicle system become important conditions for the reliable operation of the whole cross-country vehicle. The development of the whole-vehicle vibration performance life cycle test system of the off-road vehicle is necessary for improving the performance evaluation capability of the off-road vehicle. In order to realize the whole life cycle test of the vibration impact performance of the whole cross-country vehicle, a set of whole life cycle vibration impact acquisition device of the cross-country vehicle is urgently required to be explored, and a sound vibration impact comprehensive performance test is carried out.
At present, all the performances of the off-road vehicle have independent test methods and indexes, and the single performance test methods and indexes are deeply and comprehensively researched on the aspect of the performance of a single subsystem of the off-road vehicle, but the research on the whole system of the off-road vehicle and the indexes of the vibration impact performance related to the whole system is lacked. In the setting test of the off-road vehicle and the performance test of the off-road vehicle under various environmental conditions in the whole life cycle, no data acquisition equipment capable of comprehensively testing the main vibration impact performance of the off-road vehicle in the whole life cycle exists, and only under various environmental conditions of the off-road vehicle, technicians are dispatched to arrange sensing and recording equipment with the vehicle, collect vibration impact data in a severe environment with the vehicle, and then relevant performance information of the required off-road vehicle is processed; the current vehicle performance acquisition mode is not only huge in consumption and causes people to hurt money, but also is easy to cause that certain required data is omitted or too much useless data is recorded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides a method and a device for testing the vibration impact of the whole life cycle of a vehicle. Under various working conditions of the whole life cycle of the off-road vehicle, the important characteristic parameters of the key parts of the off-road vehicle are collected in real time and quantized, key performance data are extracted, and the basic performance of the off-road vehicle is comprehensively described.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions.
A method for testing the whole life cycle vibration impact of a vehicle comprises the following steps:
a) the three-way cushion acceleration sensor and the vertical acceleration sensor are used for testing impact vibration state data in the whole life cycle of the vehicle.
b) B, transmitting the data obtained by the test in the step a to a data acquisition instrument, and extracting the time-frequency domain characteristics of the data through built-in data processing software; the time-frequency domain characteristics consist of mean value, root mean square value, peak value, crest factor, power spectrum barycentric frequency and amplitude and 1/3 octave bandwidth three-direction vibration acceleration root mean square value spectrum values.
c) Sending the result data of the time-frequency domain characteristics to a black box recorder; and after the test, the characteristic data in the black box recorder is transmitted to an upper computer, and the characteristic data is further processed and analyzed by signal processing software of the upper computer.
Preferably, the acceleration sensor comprises 5 ICP single-axis accelerometers and 1 cushion three-axis accelerometer.
Preferably, a memory in the data acquisition instrument is divided into a data storage area and a characteristic quantity storage area, the acquired data of the impact vibration state is stored in the data storage area, and the data in the data storage area is cyclically covered by the following data after being stored for 4-6 hours; and the time-frequency domain features are calculated and extracted in real time and then stored in a feature quantity storage area.
Preferably, the data of the impact vibration state is collected at a sampling frequency of 2kHz and stored in the data storage area.
Preferably, the time-frequency domain characteristic result data is sent to the black box recorder through a FlexRay or CAN bus according to the 1Hz time interval.
Preferably, the collected 1/3 octave bandwidth three-direction vibration acceleration root mean square value spectrum characteristic data are sent to a black box recorder through a FlexRay or CAN bus according to a 10Hz time interval.
Preferably, 1 cushion type three-way acceleration sensor is arranged at the driver seat, and 1 vertical acceleration sensor is arranged at each of the front, middle, rear, instrument and engine positions of the vehicle body.
Preferably, the data acquisition instrument controls the on-off of the data acquisition instrument by starting the vehicle to be powered on or stopping the vehicle to be powered off.
A vehicle full-life cycle vibration impact testing device comprises a cushion three-way acceleration sensor, a vertical acceleration sensor, a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, a real-time calculation unit and a bus sending unit, wherein the cushion three-way acceleration sensor, the vertical acceleration sensor, the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit, the real-time calculation unit and the bus sending unit are arranged on a vehicle body; the cushion three-way acceleration sensor and the vertical acceleration sensor are respectively connected with a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with a data storage unit, the data storage unit is connected with a real-time calculation unit, the real-time calculation unit is connected with a vehicle-mounted black box recorder through a bus sending unit, and then the black box recorder is connected with an upper computer.
Furthermore, the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the real-time calculation unit are arranged in the microcomputer case.
Furthermore, the miniature case is of a front-back open frame structure, and vibration damping devices are arranged at the joints of the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the real-time calculation unit with the miniature case.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method determines the most key vibration impact parameters and characteristics of the cross-country vehicle, so that the information acquisition of the performance test of the cross-country vehicle under various working conditions is more targeted, the total amount of acquired data is greatly reduced, and the information acquisition and processing efficiency is improved. The method avoids the problems that the conventional vehicle performance acquisition mode is huge in consumption and causes labor and people to hurt money, and certain required data is easy to be omitted or too much useless data is recorded.
(2) Under various working conditions of the whole life cycle of the off-road vehicle, the invention collects important characteristic parameters of key parts of the off-road vehicle in real time and quantifies the important characteristic parameters, thereby comprehensively describing the basic performance of the off-road vehicle. The whole device can quickly analyze the change rule of the performance of the cross-country vehicle along with the environmental working condition in the running process. The continuous work of test technicians in bumpy and fatigue states under the off-road working condition is greatly reduced, and unnecessary personnel investment and equipment preparation arrangement are reduced.
(3) The device has the characteristics of simple and easy installation and use, easy arrangement, high safety and reliability, and suitability for dynamic parameter test in the test of vehicle equipment under severe environment conditions; after any fault or interruption occurs to other parts of the test system, the accuracy, integrity and consistency of data can be ensured, the data can be quickly recovered, and meanwhile, the measurement equipment has a set of complete experiment management strategy, so that the safe and reliable operation of the system can be ensured.
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FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a full life cycle vibration impact test analysis for an off-road vehicle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
The embodiment provides a method and a device for testing the whole life cycle vibration impact of a cross-country vehicle. The vehicle-mounted acquisition, storage and transmission equipment consists of a sensor, a cable, a high-performance data acquisition instrument, a 128G memory which is arranged in the high-performance data acquisition instrument, real-time calculation software, a FlexRay or CAN bus transmission unit and a black box recorder; the platform of the data acquisition system outside the vehicle is an upper computer; the vehicle-mounted acquisition, storage and sending equipment is installed on a tested vehicle, measures vibration acceleration signals, stores data, calculates vibration characteristic parameter values, uploads the characteristic parameters to the black box recorder in real time through a bus, performs offline data analysis on an upper computer software analysis platform, completes data processing required by a test report, and gives a test result.
The high-performance data acquisition board card, the memory and the real-time computing software are arranged in the miniature case, and the real-time computing software is used for extracting the time-frequency domain characteristics of the data; the time-frequency domain characteristics consist of mean value, root mean square value, peak value, crest factor, power spectrum barycentric frequency and amplitude and 1/3 octave bandwidth three-direction vibration acceleration root mean square value spectrum values; the real-time computing software is implemented by prior art programs.
And install protection frock additional in miniature machine case, based on the requirement that shocks resistance and be greater than 100g, reach the purpose of shocking resistance through installing protection frock built-in rubber shock pad additional. The micro case is processed into a front-back open frame structure by adopting a brazing mode, the rigidity strength and the damping characteristic of the structure are enhanced by adopting a design method of arranging high-damping rubber pads between a pressing plate and each device, and the components in the case are reinforced by adopting a glue adding and reinforcing process so as to eliminate a cantilever and a suspension structure in the components. The design of the vibration damper adopts a rubber vibration damper with a front-back open frame structure, so that the dynamic stiffness in three directions is ensured to be consistent as much as possible, and the vibration damper is ensured to have a linear range as large as possible.
Lab, produced by M + P International company in Germany, is selected as the upper computer software analysis platform, and is as follows: 1) the data processing requirements specified by the national standard are met, and the data processing result is given according to the format (diagram and table) specified by the specification; browsing characteristic data, reading, drawing a curve, managing and further processing data, outputting a report and the like; 3) carrying out weighted calculation on characteristic data obtained by sensor testing to obtain exposure time required by smoothness; 4) an open secondary development interface platform is provided to meet various secondary development requirements; 5) multiple data output formats are supported. The upper computer software has an open structure, can further process the vibration characteristic parameters of the cross-country vehicle in the whole life cycle, counts the change rule of the vibration parameters along with the vehicle speed and the road surface working condition, and can find out more matching conditions of the inherent characteristics of the cross-country vehicle and the road surface excitation.
Wherein the arrangement of the sensors: specifically, a cushion type three-way acceleration sensor is arranged at a driver seat, and a vertical acceleration sensor is respectively arranged at key parts (the front part, the middle part, the rear part and important instruments and meters of a vehicle body) of the vehicle and an engine support. Therefore, the impact vibration degradation state of the whole life cycle of the off-road vehicle can be comprehensively analyzed by matching with signals (including engine speed, gear and vehicle speed information) acquired by other whole life cycle recording equipment of the vehicle. The station information is as follows:
the sensor and station locations are selected in accordance with the 8-way signal that best describes the vibratory impulse conditions of the off-road vehicle.
The 2kHz sampling frequency is used for acquiring 8 paths of vibration data in real time when the off-road vehicle runs.
A128G memory is divided into a data storage area and a characteristic quantity storage area, 8 paths of data of the impact vibration state collected at the sampling frequency of 2kHz are stored in the data storage area, and the data in the area are cyclically covered by subsequent data after the data in the area are fully stored for 4 hours. And calculating and extracting various time-frequency domain characteristics (mean value, root mean square, peak value, crest factor, power spectrum gravity center frequency and amplitude) of the data in real time, and storing the characteristics in a set characteristic quantity storage area of a 128G memory in the acquisition instrument. Specifically, monitoring time domain data of 8 channels of state parameters of the cross-country vehicle in the current 4 hours are obtained, and current monitoring data of 8 state parameters and corresponding characteristic parameters in a memory are obtained according to characteristic parameters extracted from 1024 point data acquired by each channel according to a set sampling frequency of 2 KHz.
Two modes can be adopted for the data reading mode of the 128G memory, and for a built-in memory card (128G TF card, industrial grade), the data can be downloaded by connecting with the software of a notebook computer through a network interface; and for the external USB flash disk, the USB flash disk copy data can be directly taken down.
And transmitting the various time-frequency domain characteristic result data to a vehicle-mounted large-capacity black box recorder through a FlexRay or CAN bus according to the 1Hz time interval.
Or transmitting 60 spectrum value data of the 1/3 octave bandwidth three-direction vibration acceleration root mean square value spectrum curve collected by the triaxial cushion sensor to the vehicle-mounted large-capacity black box recorder through a FlexRay or CAN bus according to the time interval of 10 Hz.
According to the off-road condition of the vehicle or the appropriate time after the off-road vehicle runs according to the task requirement, the upper computer and the integrated vibration impact test analysis software installed on the upper computer-Germany M + P International company NTS.
The overall flow is shown in figure 1.
The full life cycle is as follows: (1) the acquisition equipment must satisfy the loading adaptability requirement. The vehicle to be tested is subjected to running tests in severe cold, damp and hot, sea, plateau and other areas. On the road surfaces of ice and snow roads, undulating dirt roads, gravel roads and the like, the running distance of the off-road vehicle is not less than 40000 kilometers, and the equipment is always arranged on the tested vehicle for testing and using for not less than 18 months. (2) The temperature of the working environment: -40 ℃ to 80 ℃. (3) Impact resistance: not less than 100 g. (4) The power supply requirement is as follows: the external direct current power supply (9V-36V) supplies power and has the function of power polarity reverse connection protection. (5) The vehicle-mounted part is convenient for arrangement and installation in a narrow space. The size does not exceed: 200mm by 160mm by 100 mm. (6) Has the protection capability of dust prevention and water splashing prevention.
In actual work, the acquisition instrument works completely and autonomously, the on-off of the acquisition instrument is controlled only by starting the off-road vehicle to be powered on or stopping the off-road vehicle, and extra operation and setting are not needed completely. Starting an automatic acquisition function after electrification, completely separating from an upper computer to acquire data automatically and offline, storing original data and characteristic parameters, and simultaneously sending the extracted characteristic parameters to a vehicle-mounted high-capacity black box recorder through a FlexRay or CAN bus; after the off-road vehicle stops running, the power supply is stopped, and the acquisition instrument is automatically turned off.
The specific data of starting, closing, stopping and storing are as follows: analyzing the bandwidth in advance by setting the sampling frequency of the channel, and storing the data to be acquired as default configuration; data acquisition was started 2 seconds after power up: after the system is started, the collector is provided with a function of ensuring self-starting of the electrified equipment by reading voltage, and when the external vehicle power is normally electrified, the collector is triggered to automatically start to operate by an output signal, so that powerful guarantee is provided for normal operation of the collector system and reduction of data interruption in the data acquisition process; the default of the system is that the configuration file enters an operation interface to start data acquisition; shutdown: the built-in lithium battery of the acquisition instrument can provide delayed slow shutdown protection, and after the external power supply is cut off, the internal lithium battery can be continuously supplied for 5 minutes without disturbance, so that the reliability of data storage can be ensured.
The vibration impact acquisition equipment for the cross-country vehicle with the whole service life has the characteristics of simple and easy installation and use, easy arrangement, high safety and reliability and suitability for dynamic parameter test during test under severe environment conditions of vehicle equipment. Sensing, data acquisition and software constitute whole life cross-country vehicle vibration and strike collection equipment, select for use the advanced import software and hardware equipment that the technique is more mature, special whole life cross-country vehicle vibration strikes collection equipment with strong points, and system front end software and hardware reliability is high, and the rear end adapts to the whole life requirement, adapts to the requirement of development. The whole life cycle vibration impact acquisition equipment for the off-road vehicle has high reliability. After any fault or interruption occurs to other parts of the test system, the accuracy, integrity and consistency of data can be ensured, the data can be quickly recovered, and meanwhile, the measurement equipment has a set of complete experiment management strategy, so that the safe and reliable operation of the system can be ensured.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A vehicle full-life cycle vibration impact test method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) the method comprises the following steps that a three-way acceleration sensor is arranged at a driver seat, and vertical acceleration sensors are respectively arranged at the front, middle, rear, instrument and engine positions of a vehicle body, wherein the three-way acceleration sensor and the vertical acceleration sensor are used for testing data of an impact vibration state in the whole life cycle of the vehicle;
b) b, transmitting the data obtained by the test in the step a to a data acquisition instrument, and extracting the time-frequency domain characteristics of the data through built-in data processing software; the time-frequency domain characteristics consist of mean value, root mean square value, peak value, crest factor, power spectrum barycentric frequency, amplitude and 1/3 octave bandwidth vibration acceleration root mean square value spectrum values in three directions;
c) sending the result data of the time-frequency domain characteristics to a black box recorder; and after the test, the characteristic data in the black box recorder is transmitted to an upper computer, and the characteristic data is further processed and analyzed by signal processing software of the upper computer.
2. The vehicle full-life-cycle vibration impact testing method according to claim 1, characterized in that a memory in the data acquisition instrument is divided into a data storage area and a characteristic quantity storage area, the acquired data of the impact vibration state is stored in the data storage area, and the data storage area is cyclically covered by the following data after the data storage area is full of 4-6 hours; and the time-frequency domain features are calculated and extracted in real time and then stored in a feature quantity storage area.
3. The vehicle full-life-cycle vibration impact testing method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the data of the impact vibration state is collected according to the sampling frequency of 2kHz and stored in the data storage area.
4. The vehicle full-life-cycle vibration impact test method according to claim 3, wherein the time-frequency domain characteristic result data is sent to a black box recorder through a FlexRay or CAN bus according to 1Hz time intervals.
5. The vehicle full-life-cycle vibration impact test method according to claim 3, characterized in that the extracted 1/3 octave bandwidth three-direction vibration acceleration RMS value spectrum curve characteristic data is sent to a black box recorder through a FlexRay or CAN bus according to a 10Hz time interval.
6. The vehicle full-life cycle vibration impact test method according to claim 1, wherein 1 cushion type three-way acceleration sensor is arranged at a driver seat, and 1 vertical acceleration sensor is respectively arranged at the front, middle and rear parts of a vehicle body, instruments and engines.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data collector controls the on/off of the vehicle by powering on or powering off the vehicle.
8. A vehicle full-life cycle vibration impact testing device for the testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising a three-way acceleration sensor, a vertical acceleration sensor, a data acquisition unit, a data storage unit, a real-time calculation unit, a bus transmission unit and a black box recorder, wherein the three-way acceleration sensor, the vertical acceleration sensor, the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit, the real-time calculation unit, the bus transmission unit and the black box recorder are arranged on a vehicle body; the three-way acceleration sensor and the vertical acceleration sensor are respectively connected with a data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with a data storage unit, the data storage unit is connected with a real-time calculation unit, the real-time calculation unit is in wireless connection with the vehicle-mounted black box recorder through a bus sending unit, and the black box recorder is connected with an upper computer.
9. The vehicle full-life cycle vibration impact testing device according to claim 8, wherein the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the real-time computing unit are arranged in a microcomputer case.
10. The vehicle full-life cycle vibration impact testing device according to claim 9, wherein the micro-chamber is of a front-back open frame type structure, and vibration damping devices are arranged at the joints of the data acquisition unit, the data storage unit and the real-time calculation unit with the micro-chamber.
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| CN117556166A (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2024-02-13 | 中国人民解放军国防大学联合勤务学院 | Armored car test data analysis method based on data acquisition |
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