CN113429188B - Comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid waste of tailings - Google Patents
Comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid waste of tailings Download PDFInfo
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- CN113429188B CN113429188B CN202110677159.7A CN202110677159A CN113429188B CN 113429188 B CN113429188 B CN 113429188B CN 202110677159 A CN202110677159 A CN 202110677159A CN 113429188 B CN113429188 B CN 113429188B
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
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- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0075—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for road construction
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- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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Abstract
A comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid waste of tailings comprises the following steps: 92-98% of solid waste tailings and 2-8% of P-type gelling agent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; adding water, mixing to obtain a mixture, controlling the water content to be 5-10% after mixing, and controlling the mixing time to be 2-5 min; when the weighed components are mixed with water, the initial setting time of the mixture is controlled to be 3.0-7.0 h from the beginning of mixing with water to the end of forming; compacting or rolling the mixture mixed by adding water to prepare a test block or a pavement base layer with a preset specification, and curing for 5-15 d in wet water, wherein the curing temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 5 ℃; the method has the advantages that various tailings can be treated to become the road building material for the road pavement base course, the treatment capacity of the tailings is large, aggregate does not need to be added additionally, and the obtained material can be used for construction of structures of municipal engineering and water conservancy protection engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of comprehensive treatment and utilization of solid wastes, and particularly relates to a comprehensive treatment and utilization method of solid wastes of tailings of various mines, including iron ores, limestone ores, gypsum ores and the like.
Background
The tailings are waste materials which are left after mining and can not be utilized basically, such as original Wulongquan limestone mine areas of Wuhan city in Jiang and summer, the solid waste of the accumulated tailings is at least 800 ten thousand tons, and the solid waste is increased at the speed of 60 ten thousand tons every year; there are also mines such as large iron smelting ore, ebzhou cheng chao iron ore, and yingcheng gypsum ore, where tens of millions of tons of tailings are piled up, which occupy a large amount of land, causing serious pollution to the surrounding environment, and thus it is urgently needed to be treated. The tailings are comprehensively treated, so that solid waste is changed into useful resources, the pollution of the solid waste to the environment is eliminated, the national and civil benefits are realized, and the innovative development and green development concept is met.
The tailings are solid wastes with uneven particle sizes, the particle sizes are mostly between 0.00mm and 15.00mm, and the tailings of the original Wu-gang-spring limestone ore are taken as an example: the existing form of the oolong spring tailings has three states, namely three forms of tailings, tailings and tailings, the difference is that the moisture content and the particle size are different, the moisture content of the tailings is as high as about 30%, and the moisture content of the tailings and the tailings is below 8%; the average grain size of the tailings and the tailings is small, and the average grain size of the tailings is slightly larger. In general, the particle size range is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the content of the particles smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50 percent, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20 to 60 percent. The chemical components of the oolong spring tailings are basically the same, and the main chemical components are as follows: silicon (Si), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P) and the like, and also contains a small amount of harmful heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and the like (the data are shown in a test report in the analysis table of tailing particles and the analysis table of tailing chemical components). According to the chemical analysis of the oolong spring tailings in the test of the subject group, the tailings not only have no direct utilization value, but also cause great pollution to the environment, and the tailings are piled up to occupy a large area of land. According to the incomplete investigation of tailings by a project group, only thousands of tons of various tailings exist around Wuhan city, and the existing tailings in China are countless and more than trillions of tons. The tailings not only occupy a large amount of land, but also need to spend a large amount of energy, material resources and financial resources to perform enclosure protection on the tailings. The problem of environmental pollution caused by tailings becomes a great obstacle to national economic development and a great problem in national environmental management. However, until now, effective and economic technical means are always lacked for comprehensive treatment and utilization of tailing solid wastes. In the scientific and technical documents which can be found at present, an effective method for massively and comprehensively treating tailings to be used as a road building material has not been found.
CN201710145594.9 discloses a recycling method for recycling waste powder from asphalt concrete mixing station, wherein the recycling method comprises the following steps: 2-8% of a PCSB curing agent, 15-25% of waste asphalt powder, 35-50% of fine aggregate and 25-35% of coarse aggregate, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%; it stresses that the utilization of the waste powder recovered by the asphalt concrete mixing station is always lack of effective and economic technical means, and the following technical effects are realized through the technical scheme: the solidification technical problems of complex components, fine particle size, high mud content and the like of the waste asphalt powder are overcome, the waste asphalt powder, the fine aggregate and the coarse aggregate are mixed according to a certain proportion through appropriate PCSB addition rate, mixed with water and recycled, and the mixture is used as a pavement base course to meet the technical and economic index requirements of the pavement base course, thereby saving the occupied land of the waste asphalt powder, reducing the environmental pollution, increasing the economic benefit, reducing the construction cost of the pavement base course, and having remarkable economic benefit, social benefit and environmental protection benefit; however, the patent refers to the waste recycling of the asphalt waste powder, and the recycling of the asphalt waste powder can be realized only by adding auxiliary materials of 35-50% of fine aggregate and 25-35% of coarse aggregate at the same time; the coarse aggregate is broken stone, the fine aggregate is stone chips, and the two materials can be obtained only by natural mining, the direct consequence of the natural mining is that green water green mountains are damaged, the natural environment is damaged, although asphalt waste powder is utilized to a certain degree, the two materials which need to be mined again are consumed to be matched and used, and the waste of new resources and the damage to the environment are caused to a certain degree; moreover, even if the aggregate is separately added, the addition amount of the waste asphalt powder is only 15 to 25%, so that even if the waste asphalt powder is used to some extent, the addition amount and the consumption amount are very low, and the method is not suitable for the resource utilization of large-batch and large-lot waste asphalt powder. Moreover, the asphalt waste powder and the tailings have obvious differences in particle size composition, chemical components, physical and chemical properties and the like. Even though the waste asphalt powder can be consumed to a certain extent, the consumption is still limited, and meanwhile, the waste asphalt powder is matched with the use of coarse aggregates and fine aggregates; therefore, how to use the waste material effectively, the secondary addition and exploitation of new materials can not be caused, and the effective utilization rate of the waste material is improved to become a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a road building material which can change various tailings into a road building material for a road pavement base course, has large tailings treatment capacity, does not need to add aggregates additionally, and can be used for the construction of structures of municipal engineering and water conservancy protection engineering; the treated tailing solid waste material can also be made into prefabricated blocks with various shapes, and the tailing solid waste comprehensive treatment and utilization method can be used for building road side ditches, water ditches, kerbs, retaining walls, side slope protection frameworks and the like.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: a comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid waste of tailings comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 92-98% of solid waste tailings and 2-8% of P-type gelling agent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
2) adding water into the weighed material components and mixing to synthesize a mixture, and controlling the water content to be 5-10%;
3) when the weighed components are added with water and mixed, the forced mixing time is controlled to be 2-5 min to ensure uniform mixing;
4) when the weighed components are added with water and mixed, the initial setting time of the mixture is controlled to be 3.0-7.0 h from the beginning of adding water and mixing to the end of forming;
5) compacting or rolling the mixture mixed by adding water to prepare a test block or a pavement base layer with a preset specification, and curing for 5-15 d in wet water, wherein the curing temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 5 ℃;
6) compacting or rolling the mixture mixed by adding water to prepare a test block or a road base layer with preset specification, wherein the compaction degree is more than or equal to 98 (the maximum dry volume weight of the mixture is determined by a heavy compaction test, and the compaction work per unit volume required for reaching the specified compaction degree is also obtained by a test means).
Further, in the step 1), the weighed materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 93-97% of tailings and 3-7% of P-type gelling agent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%, the solid waste tailings must account for the majority, and the dosage of the P-type gelling agent is small.
Further, in the step 1), the weighed materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 94-96% of tailings and 4-6% of P-type gelling agent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%, the solid waste tailings must account for the majority, and the dosage of the P-type gelling agent is small.
Further, comprehensively treating the tailings by using a P-type gelling agent, wherein before treatment, the tailings are subjected to long-term stacking and extrusion to form serious agglomeration, the tailings are subjected to air drying, then the tailings are crushed by a high-humidity crusher and sieved by a 10.0mm round-hole sieve to remove particles with the particle size larger than 10.0mm, and then sampling is carried out to carry out particle analysis and determine the water content; the obtained P-type gelling agent can treat a relatively large amount of tailings by adopting the treatment mode, and only the tailings and the P-type gelling agent are matched without adding coarse and fine aggregates.
Further, the particle size range of the tailings is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the tailings smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50%, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20-60%; crushing the tailings by a high-humidity crusher and then sieving the crushed tailings by a 10.0mm round-hole sieve for use; by adopting the tailings with the specifications, the addition treatment of a large amount of tailings can be effectively realized, no aggregate is needed, and the addition amount and the treatment amount are high.
Further, in the step 4), the initial setting and hardening time can be controlled by adding a retarder in the process of adding water and mixing, wherein the addition amount of the retarder is less than 8 per mill of the dosage of the P-type gelling agent; through the treatment, the delayed forming time is more than or equal to 4 hours from the beginning of adding water for mixing to the end of rolling and forming, the number is variable and can be increased to 5 hours and 6 hours according to the construction requirement, and the flexibility plays an indispensable role in determining the quality of the engineering; through foretell this kind of control, let P type gelling agent and tailing mixture not the initial setting before rolling, guarantee to carry out effectual rolling at the mixture within the initial setting time, just so can realize just can not rolling again after the initial setting, prevent the crushing.
Further, the P-type gelling agent is a Polymer Cement Soil Binder, and comprises a powdery mixture prepared by mixing the following raw materials: calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur trioxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, viscous polymer or water glass and material with volcanic ash activity or powder material with viscosity when contacting water after calcination, wherein: the viscous polymer or water glass accounts for 2-8% of the total weight of the powdery mixture, and the material with volcanic ash activity or the powder which is viscous when being calcined and meets water accounts for 5-20% of the total weight of the powdery mixture; the total weight of the powdery mixture is the total weight of calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur trioxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, viscous polymer or water glass and material with volcanic ash activity or powder which is viscous when meeting water after calcination; the weight ratio of the calcium oxide, the silicon dioxide, the aluminum oxide, the sulfur trioxide, the magnesium oxide and the ferric oxide is as follows: 40-59 parts of calcium oxide, 18-35 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-13 parts of aluminum oxide, 1.5-2.7 parts of sulfur trioxide, 0.3-0.7 part of magnesium oxide and 0.2-0.4 part of ferric oxide. Its full name of Chinese is "high-expansibility strong adhesive gelatinizer", and it is called P-type gelatinizer for short. The P-type gelling agent is non-toxic, odorless, pollution-free and radioactive. It has strong binding action to loose sandy soil granular material, and only a small amount of P-type gelatinizer can bind a large amount of loose granular material into an integral material with a certain strength, and under the action of external force, the structural body made of said material possesses a certain compression strength and shearing strength. The working principle of the device is that the P-type gelling agent generates hydration reaction when meeting water, and can rapidly expand and expand to form a film with a huge area, the film with the huge area rapidly and tightly wraps loose particles under the combined action of expansion thrust and external force, and rapidly fills pores among the loose particles, and the loose particles are tightly connected together, so that the loose particles form a compact structure with certain compression strength and shear strength, and the structure is similar to a suspension type compact structure such as asphalt concrete.
The structural body has the following remarkable characteristics: after the loose particles are tightly wrapped by the film formed by the gelling agent, the loose particles are embedded and extruded to form a firm and compact structure through the action of external force. This compact structure has the following functions:
1) the compact structure has good mechanical properties in macroscopical view, has larger compression resistance and shear resistance, and the compression strength can reach 3.5-15.0 Mpa only by adding a small amount of P-type gelling agent into the mixture. When the material is used as a road base material, the formed road base can reach or even exceed the new specifications of JTG/T F20-2015 in the existing national standard highway base construction technical Specification (the new specifications are that the strength of the high-grade highway road base is 3.0-5.0 Mpa, and the strength of the upper base is 5.0-7.0 Mpa).
2) The compact structure effectively blocks capillaries and trickle passages in the structure body, blocks and reduces the flow and permeation of water in the structure body, and reduces and eliminates the erosion damage and freeze-thaw damage of water. And (3) rolling or compacting and forming the P-type gelling agent bonded tailing solid-waste mixture into a block piece with a preset specification, and performing freeze-thaw test at a low temperature of-40 ℃, wherein the freeze-thaw loss rate is less than 3-5% and far less than 20% of the specified value after repeated cycles of 72h freezing, melting and digesting for 5 times according to specified standard times. The invention is proved that: the tailing solid waste mixture bonded by the P-type gelling agent has good frost resistance and temperature stability.
3) The original tailing particles of the dense structure are tightly wrapped by a film formed by a cementing material, so that the flow of water in the structure is prevented, the possibility of segregation of harmful substances in the body is completely blocked, and the detection proves that the tailing component subjected to comprehensive treatment does not have any harmful substance to flow out, and secondary pollution of tailings is avoided; and the appropriate water content can effectively stimulate the gelling performance of the P-type gelling agent, so that the P-type gelling agent can fully react with the solid waste tailings, and the P-type gelling agent forms a film to effectively wrap the tailings particles.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) the first significant beneficial features of the present invention are: the waste is changed into valuable, the tailings solid waste is comprehensively treated to become a road building material, the road building material is widely used in highway engineering construction, a large amount of solid waste tailings are consumed, the consumption amount of the solid waste tailings can occupy 92-98% of the whole ingredient, and the pollution of the solid waste to the environment is eliminated to the greatest extent.
2) The second significant beneficial feature of the invention is: the tailings are directly mixed with the P-type gelling agent as a single material for the first time, the addition of other auxiliary materials such as coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and the like is not needed, the tailings can be utilized to the maximum extent, the ratio of the tailings in the mixture is the vast majority, and is generally more than 90%, so that the cost of the mixture can be greatly reduced, and an unprecedented huge space is created for utilizing solid wastes in a large quantity; the method is undoubtedly a huge benefit message for the treatment pressure of hundreds of millions of tons of solid wastes existing in the whole country, and an efficient and powerful path is found for eliminating the pollution of the solid waste tailings to the environment to the maximum extent.
3) The third significant beneficial feature of the invention is: the P-type gelling agent is used for bonding the tailings to fix the waste, so that the method has strong adaptability, can overcome the technical problems of complex and changeable chemical components, uneven grain size grading change, fine granularity, large mud content and the like of the tailings by pre-treating the tailings, and obtains good bonding treatment effect so as to completely meet various technical requirements of comprehensive treatment and utilization of the tailings.
4) The fourth significant beneficial feature of the invention is that: the mixed mixture is comprehensively treated and utilized by utilizing the P-type gelling agent to bond the tailings, and only a small amount of the P-type gelling agent (within 6 percent) needs to be added, so that the high strength (maximally more than 15.0 MPa) can be achieved, and the utilization range of the mixed mixture is greatly expanded due to the high strength. The tailings mixture after the comprehensive treatment is utilized to prepare prefabricated blocks with various specifications, and the prefabricated blocks can be used for building various artificial structures of road engineering, protecting and reinforcing side ditch and ditch, curb, retaining walls, side slopes and the like; the tailings adopted in the method are 100% of tailings solid wastes, no other aggregates such as broken stones and stone chips are required to be added, the national principles of mass utilization and mass utilization of the solid wastes are completely met, and the method is completely different from the research direction of resource utilization of asphalt waste powder.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an ultra-high magnification scanning electron microscope image of compacted gelled tailings.
Fig. 2 is a magnified view of the small black square in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, nor are the steps described to limit the order of execution. Modifications of the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art in view of the prior art are also within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
A comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid wastes of different types of tailings is carried out according to the following steps: weighing 96.0% of tailings and 4.0% of a P-type gelling agent according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the tailings and the P-type gelling agent is 100%, adding water, mixing until the water content is controlled to be 8.0%, adding a retarder during the water adding process, wherein the addition amount of the retarder is 4.5 per mill of the dosage of the P-type gelling agent, controlling the initial setting time of the mixture to be more than or equal to 5 hours from the mixing and water adding to the end of forming, paving or pouring to a preset specification, performing compaction forming, maintaining for 7 days in wet water, and ensuring the compressive strength to be more than or equal to 5.5MPa, so that the requirement of the special weight and extremely heavy traffic standards of high-grade highways on the strength of the base layer on the pavement is met, and the index requirement of 5.0 MPa-7.0 MPa of the base layer strength is met; the super-high-power scanning electron microscope pictures of the compact structure of the obtained product are shown in figures 1-2.
The tailings are of oolong spring limestone ores in river and summer areas of Wuhan city, and the existing form of the tailings has three states, namely tailings, tail mud, tail powder and the like, so that the finished tailings are formed, and the differences are different in water content and particle size. Wherein the moisture content of the tailings reaches about 30 percent (the tailings can be smashed after being dried by air, the moisture content of the tailings is less than 5 percent after being dried by air), the moisture content of the tailings and the moisture content of the tailings are less than 8 percent, and then the three forms are mixed together to form the tailings; the average grain size of the tailings and the tailings is small, and the average grain size of the tailings is slightly larger. In general, the particle size range is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the content of the particles smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50 percent, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20 to 60 percent. The tailings are crushed by a high-humidity crusher and then pass through a 10.0mm round-hole sieve.
Example 2
A comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid wastes of different types of tailings is carried out according to the following steps: weighing 96.5% of tailings and 3.5% of a P-type gelling agent according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the tailings and the P-type gelling agent is 100%, adding water for mixing, controlling the water content to be 8.5%, adding a retarder during the water adding process, wherein the addition amount of the retarder is 5 per mill of the dosage of the P-type gelling agent, the addition amount of the retarder is used from the beginning of the water adding mixing to the end of the forming, the initial setting time of the mixture is not more than 5 hours, paving or pouring the mixture into a preset specification, performing compaction (impact) forming, maintaining the wet water for 7 days, and the compressive strength of the mixture is not less than 4.5MPa, so that the index requirements of the special weight and extreme weight traffic standards of high-grade highways on the strength of the pavement bottom base course are met, and the index requirements of the strength of the pavement bottom course are met from 3.0MPa to 5.0 MPa.
The tailings are tailings of oolong spring limestone ores in summer areas of rivers in Wuhan city, and the existing forms of the tailings have three states, namely tailings, tail mud, tail powder and the like, and the tailings are different in water content and particle size. The moisture content of the tailing mud is up to more than 35%, and the moisture content of the tailing and the tailing powder is about 15% (the tailing and the tailing powder can be smashed after being air-dried, and the moisture content is less than 5% after being air-dried); the average grain size of the tailings and the tailings is small, and the average grain size of the tailings is slightly larger. In general, the particle size range is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the content of the particles smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50 percent, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20 to 60 percent. The tailings are crushed by a high-humidity crusher and then pass through a 10.0mm round-hole sieve.
Example 3
A comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid wastes of different types of tailings is carried out according to the following steps: weighing 97.5% of tailings and 2.5% of a P-type gelling agent according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the tailings and the P-type gelling agent is 100%, adding water for mixing, controlling the water content to be 9.0%, adding a retarder during the water adding process, wherein the addition amount of the retarder is 6 per mill of the dosage of the P-type gelling agent, the time from the beginning of the water adding mixing to the end of the forming is not more than 5 hours of the initial setting time of the mixture, paving or pouring the mixture into a preset specification, performing compaction forming, maintaining the mixture in wet water for 7 days, and the compressive strength of the mixture is not less than 3.5MPa, so that the requirement of the pavement subbase strength of the special weight and extremely heavy traffic standard of the high-grade highway is met by the index of 3.0 MPa-5.0 MPa.
The tailings exist in three states, namely tailings, tailings mud, tailings powder and the like, and the moisture content and the particle size are different. The moisture content of the tailings reaches more than 25 percent, and the moisture content of the tailings and the tailings is about 15 percent (the tailings and the tailings can be smashed after being dried by air, and the moisture content is less than 5 percent after being dried by air); the average grain size of the tailings and the tailings is small, and the average grain size of the tailings is slightly larger. On the whole, the particle size range is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the particle size smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50%, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20-60%. The tailings are crushed by a high-humidity crusher and then pass through a 10.0mm round-hole sieve.
Example 4
A comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid wastes of different types of tailings is carried out according to the following steps: weighing 95.5% of tailings and 4.5% of a P-type gelling agent according to parts by weight, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the tailings and the P-type gelling agent is 100%, adding water for mixing, controlling the water content to be 8.5%, adding a retarder during the water adding process, wherein the addition amount of the retarder is 4.5 per mill of the dosage of the P-type gelling agent, from the beginning of the water adding mixing to the end of the forming, the time from the beginning of the water adding mixing to the beginning of the forming is not more than 5 hours, paving or pouring the mixture to a preset specification, pressing (beating) for forming, maintaining the mixture in wet water for 7 days, and the compressive strength of the mixture is not less than 6.8MPa, so that the requirement of the base strength of a pavement with the special weight of a high-grade highway and the extremely heavy traffic standard is met, and the requirement of the base strength of 5.0MPa to 7.0MPa is met.
The tailings exist in three states, namely tailings, tail mud, tail powder and the like, and the differences are in water content and particle size. The moisture content of the tailings reaches more than 30 percent, and the moisture content of the tailings and the tailings is about 10 percent (the tailings and the tailings can be smashed after being dried by air, and the moisture content is less than 5 percent after being dried by air); the average grain size of the tailings and the tailings is small, and the average grain size of the tailings is slightly larger. In general, the particle size range is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the content of the particles smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50 percent, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20 to 60 percent. The tailings are crushed by a high-humidity crusher and then pass through a 10.0mm round-hole sieve.
Example 5
A comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid wastes of different types of tailings is carried out according to the following steps: weighing 97.0% of tailings and 3.0% of a P-type gelling agent according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the tailings and the P-type gelling agent is 100%, adding water for mixing, controlling the water content to be 9.0%, adding a retarder during the water adding process, wherein the addition amount of the retarder is 5 per mill of the dosage of the P-type gelling agent, the time from the beginning of the water adding mixing to the end of the forming is not more than 5 hours of the initial setting time of the mixture, paving or pouring the mixture into a preset specification, pressing (beating) for forming, maintaining the wet water for 7 days, and the compressive strength of the mixture is not less than 4.0MPa, so that the index requirements of the pavement underlayer strength of the special weight and extremely heavy traffic standard of the high-grade highway are met, and the index requirements of 3.0 MPa-5.0 MPa are met.
The tailings exist in three states, namely tailings, tailings mud, tailings powder and the like, and the moisture content and the particle size are different. The moisture content of the tailings reaches more than 30 percent, and the moisture content of the tailings and the tailings is about 10 percent (the tailings and the tailings can be smashed after being dried by air, and the moisture content is less than 5 percent after being dried by air); the average grain size of the tailings and the tailings is small, and the average grain size of the tailings is slightly larger. In general, the particle size range is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the content of the particles smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50 percent, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20 to 60 percent. The tailings are crushed by a high-humidity crusher and then pass through a 10.0mm round-hole sieve.
Example 6
A comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid wastes of different types of tailings is carried out according to the following steps: 95.0 percent of tailings and 5.0 percent of P-type gelling agent by mass, wherein the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent, the tailings are mixed by adding water, the water content is controlled to be 9.0 percent, the retarder is added in the water adding process at the same time, the addition amount of the retarder is 5.5 per mill of the dosage of the P-type gelling agent, the time from the beginning of the water adding mixing to the end of the forming is not more than the initial setting time of the mixture and not more than 5 hours, the mixture is paved or poured into a preset specification, pressed (hit) to form, cured in wet water for 7 days, the compressive strength of the mixture is not less than 10.6MPa, and the requirement of the base strength on the special-heavy and extremely heavy traffic standard pavement of a high-grade highway is met or exceeded by the index of 5.0MPa to 7.0 MPa.
The tailings exist in three states, namely tailings, tailings mud, tailings powder and the like, and the differences are in water content and particle size. The moisture content of the tailings reaches more than 30 percent, and the moisture content of the tailings and the tailings is about 10 percent or 9 percent (the tailings and the tailings can be smashed after being dried by air, and the moisture content is less than 5 percent after being dried by air); the average grain size of the tailings and the tailings is small, and the average grain size of the tailings is slightly larger. In general, the particle size range is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the content of the particles smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50 percent, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20 to 60 percent. The tailings are crushed by a high-humidity crusher and then pass through a 10.0mm round-hole sieve.
The P-type gelling agent comprises a powdery mixture formed by mixing the following raw materials: calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur trioxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, viscous polymer or water glass and material with volcanic ash activity or powder material with viscosity when contacting water after calcination, wherein: the viscous polymer or water glass accounts for 2-8% of the total weight of the powdery mixture, and the material with volcanic ash activity or the powder which is viscous when being calcined and meets water accounts for 5-20% of the total weight of the powdery mixture; the total weight of the powdery mixture is the total weight of calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur trioxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, viscous polymer or water glass and material with volcanic ash activity or powder which is viscous when meeting water after calcination; the weight ratio of the calcium oxide, the silicon dioxide, the aluminum oxide, the sulfur trioxide, the magnesium oxide and the ferric oxide is as follows: 40-59 parts of calcium oxide, 18-35 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-13 parts of aluminum oxide, 1.5-2.7 parts of sulfur trioxide, 0.3-0.7 part of magnesium oxide and 0.2-0.4 part of ferric oxide. The specific P-type gellants disclosed in the ZL201110291183.3 patent are suitable for use herein as long as the composition within the above ranges is compatible with the application.
According to the embodiment, the mixed material is comprehensively treated and utilized by utilizing the P-type gelling agent to bond the tailings, only a small amount of P-type gelling agent (within 6%) is added, so that the high strength (the maximum strength can reach more than 15.0 MPa) can be achieved, the utilization range of the mixed material is greatly expanded, and the requirement of the base layer strength on the road surface with the standard of super-heavy and extremely-heavy traffic of high-grade highways on the index of 5.0 MPa-7.0 MPa can be met.
Claims (4)
1. A comprehensive treatment and utilization method for solid waste of tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 92-98% of solid waste tailings and 2-8% of P-type gelling agent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
2) adding water into the weighed material components and mixing to synthesize a mixture, and controlling the water content to be 5-10%;
3) when the weighed components are added with water and mixed, the forced mixing time is controlled to be 2-5 min to ensure uniform mixing;
4) when the weighed components are added with water for mixing, the initial setting time of the mixture is controlled to be 3.0-7.0 h from the beginning of adding water for mixing to the end of forming;
5) compacting or rolling the mixture mixed by adding water to prepare a pavement base, and curing for 5-15 d in wet water, wherein the curing temperature is controlled to be more than or equal to 5 ℃;
6) compacting or rolling the mixture mixed by adding water to prepare a pavement base, wherein the compaction degree is more than or equal to 98;
the tailings comprise tailings, tailings mud and tailings; the particle size range is between 0.00mm and 15mm, the content of the particles smaller than 2.0mm accounts for more than 50 percent, and the mud content smaller than 0.075mm accounts for 20 to 60 percent;
the solid waste tailings are oolong spring limestone mine tailings solid waste in the summer of the river of Wuhan city;
and (3) treating the tailings: air-drying the tail mud, crushing by using a high-humidity crusher, and sieving by using a 10.0mm round-hole sieve to remove particles with the particle size larger than 10.0 mm;
and 4) adding a retarder in the process of adding water for mixing to control the initial setting and hardening time, wherein the addition amount of the retarder is less than 8 per mill of the dosage of the P-type gelling agent.
2. The comprehensive treatment and utilization method for the solid waste of the tailings as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 1), the weighed materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 93-97% of tailings and 3-7% of P-type gelling agent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
3. The tailings solid waste comprehensive treatment and utilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 1), the weighed materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 94-96% of tailings and 4-6% of P-type gelling agent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
4. The comprehensive treatment and utilization method for the solid waste of the tailings as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the P-type gelling agent comprises a powdery mixture formed by mixing the following raw materials: calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur trioxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, viscous polymer or water glass and material with volcanic ash activity or powder material with viscosity when contacting water after calcination, wherein: the viscous polymer or water glass accounts for 2-8% of the total weight of the powdery mixture, and the material with volcanic ash activity or the powder which is viscous when being calcined and meets water accounts for 5-20% of the total weight of the powdery mixture; the total weight of the powdery mixture is the total weight of calcium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, sulfur trioxide, magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, viscous polymer or water glass and material with volcanic ash activity or powder which is viscous when meeting water after calcination; the weight ratio of the calcium oxide, the silicon dioxide, the aluminum oxide, the sulfur trioxide, the magnesium oxide and the ferric oxide is as follows: 40-59 parts of calcium oxide, 18-35 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-13 parts of aluminum oxide, 1.5-2.7 parts of sulfur trioxide, 0.3-0.7 part of magnesium oxide and 0.2-0.4 part of ferric oxide.
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