CN113416563B

CN113416563B - Biomass flash thermal cracking sludge treatment device

Info

Publication number: CN113416563B
Application number: CN202110957844.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄银花
Original assignee: Guangzhou Diandi Biotechnology Co ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Diandi Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-20
Filing date: 2021-08-20
Publication date: 2021-11-02
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-20
Also published as: CN113416563A

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass flash thermal cracking sludge treatment device. The device includes the support, the barrel, the feed inlet, the gas outlet, reaction mechanism, drive mechanism, the condenser pipe, the condenser, collecting vessel and combustion mechanism, barrel bottom fixed connection support upper end, the barrel upper end is equipped with the feed inlet, feed inlet one side is equipped with the gas outlet, the inside reaction mechanism that is equipped with of barrel, reaction mechanism upper end fixed connection feed inlet, reaction mechanism one side is equipped with combustion mechanism, gas outlet one end fixed connection condenser pipe, gas outlet one end fixed connection collecting vessel are kept away from to the condenser pipe, be equipped with the condenser on the condenser pipe, the condenser pipe is "S" shape and distributes on the barrel outer wall. The invention is scientific and reasonable, can effectively promote the biomass thermal cracking reaction and effectively improve the production efficiency.

Description

Biomass flash thermal cracking sludge treatment device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of biomass production equipment, in particular to a biomass flash thermal cracking sludge treatment device.

Background

The biomass is a renewable energy source, has abundant reserves, can be used as an alternative energy source, can realize zero emission of CO2, and greatly reduces greenhouse effect and environmental pollution. Thermal cracking of biomass generally refers to the process of heating biomass in an oxygen-free environment to cause molecular decomposition to produce coke, condensable liquids, and gaseous products. Biomass pyrolysis processes can be classified into slow, conventional, fast or flash processes, depending on the reaction temperature and heating rate. The slow cracking process is a carbonization process aiming at generating charcoal; the rapid thermal cracking is carried out at a heating rate of 10-200 ℃/S and a gas phase residence time of less than 5 seconds; the reaction conditions for flash thermal cracking are more severe than for fast thermal cracking, and the gas phase residence time is typically less than 1 second. In the biomass thermal cracking rotary cone thermal cracking reactor in the prior art, biomass particles and sand heated from the outside are fed into the bottoms of two cones from a pore channel in the middle of the inner cone, and both the biomass particles and the sand can make spiral ascending motion along the cone wall under the action of rotary centrifugal force, and the biomass particles and the sand exchange heat in the ascending process to continuously perform a thermal cracking reaction. After the reaction is finished, the sand and the coke fall into the bottom of the reactor together after leaving the conical wall, the sand and the coke are removed out of the reactor, then the coke is burnt, and the hot sand participates in the next reaction. In the prior art, the required particle size of the sand is small, so that the sand is easy to agglomerate in the operation process, the contact area with biomass particles is influenced, and the production efficiency is influenced; when burning the sand and the coke mixture, because the coke quantity is less, the coke mixture needs a large amount of energy sources to burn in the sand to burn the coke completely, and causes resource waste.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a biomass flash thermal cracking sludge treatment device to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a living beings flash thermal cracking sludge treatment device, the device includes the support, the barrel, the feed inlet, the gas outlet, reaction mechanism, drive mechanism, the condenser, collecting vessel and burning mechanism, barrel bottom fixed connection support upper end, the barrel upper end is equipped with the feed inlet, feed inlet one side is equipped with the gas outlet, the inside reaction mechanism that is equipped with of barrel, reaction mechanism upper end fixed connection feed inlet, reaction mechanism one side is equipped with burning mechanism, gas outlet one end fixed connection condenser pipe, gas outlet one end fixed connection collecting vessel are kept away from to the condenser pipe, be equipped with the condenser on the condenser pipe, the condenser pipe is "S" shape and distributes on the barrel outer wall.

The biomass and the heated sand are fed into a reaction mechanism on the inner wall of the barrel body from a feeding hole to react, most of the biomass reacted by the reaction mechanism generates combustible gas, the combustible gas enters a condensation pipe from an air outlet and is condensed by a condenser to become bio-oil, finally the bio-oil is collected in a collection barrel, a small part of coke and sand generated by the reaction of the biomass are discharged to a combustion mechanism from the reaction mechanism, the coke mixed in the sand is burnt out through the combustion mechanism, the sand is further heated in the combustion process, partial energy required by heating of the sand in the later cycle process can be saved, the condensation pipe is arranged to be distributed on the outer wall of the barrel body in an S shape, the temperature of the combustible gas is reduced in the process of moving in the condensation pipe, the energy required by further condensing through the condenser is reduced, and the production cost is effectively saved.

Further, reaction mechanism includes the toper piece, rotatory bucket, the baffle, toper piece one end fixed connection barrel upper end inner wall, the inside feedstock channel who is equipped with two parallels of toper piece, two feedstock channel one end intercommunication feed inlet, two feedstock channel runs through whole toper piece, rotatory bucket is one end open-ended taper shape, rotatory bucket is located the toper piece outside, opening one end fixed connection drive mechanism is kept away from to rotatory bucket, be equipped with the baffle on the rotatory bucket outer wall, baffle one end fixed connection barrel, barrel one end rotation connection rotatory bucket outer wall is kept away from to the baffle, baffle one side is equipped with the breach, the fixed connection baffle is located at the breach to the combustion mechanism upper end, the plane at baffle place is the acute angle with the contained angle of the axis of rotatory bucket.

The biomass and the sand enter a space between the conical block and the rotary barrel from the two feeding channels, the rotary barrel rotates at a high speed under the action of the transmission mechanism, and then a mixture of the biomass and the sand moves to the top from the bottom of the rotary barrel under the action of centrifugal force and drops onto the baffle plate from the top of the rotary barrel.

Further, the transmission mechanism comprises a motor, a first synchronous wheel, a second synchronous wheel, a first synchronous belt, a transmission shaft, a rotating shaft, a transmission gear, a rotating gear, a lug, a connecting rod, a fixed rod and a limit key, wherein the first synchronous wheel is fixedly sleeved on the motor output shaft, the second synchronous wheel is sleeved on the transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft is rotatably connected with the bottom of the barrel body, the transmission shaft is parallel to the axis of the motor output shaft, the first synchronous wheel and the second synchronous wheel are sleeved with the same first synchronous belt, the lug is sleeved on the transmission shaft, one side of the lug is fixedly connected with the second synchronous wheel, the limit key is arranged on the transmission shaft, a key groove is arranged on the transmission gear, the transmission gear is slidably connected with the transmission shaft, a T-shaped groove is arranged on the lug along the circumferential direction, a stop block is arranged at one end of the connecting rod, and the stop block is slidably connected with the lug in the T-shaped groove, drive gear is last to be equipped with "T" shape groove along the circumferencial direction, the connecting rod is kept away from lug one end and is equipped with the dog, the dog is at "T" shape inslot and drive gear sliding connection, dead lever one end fixed connection barrel inner wall, the dead lever is kept away from barrel inner wall one end and is equipped with the lantern ring, the connecting rod passes from the lantern ring in the lantern ring with lantern ring sliding contact, the barrel bottom is equipped with the hole No. one, the axis of rotation stretches into barrel inside and rotatory bucket fixed connection from a hole, the fixed cover of rotatory bucket one end is kept away from to the axis of rotation and is established running gear, drive gear and running gear meshing.

The motor drives the first synchronous wheel to rotate, the first synchronous wheel drives the first synchronous belt to drive the second synchronous wheel to rotate, and further drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the transmission shaft drives the lug and the transmission gear to rotate, and the connecting rod is arranged between the lug and the transmission gear, and both ends of the connecting rod are movably connected with the lug and the transmission gear, so when one end of the connecting rod connected with the lug is at the highest point of the lug, the transmission gear moves along the axial direction of the limit key under the pushing of the connecting rod, and further the transmission gear is disengaged from the rotating gear, the power source for the rotating gear to drive the rotating shaft to rotate disappears, so the rotating speed of the rotating shaft is reduced, the biomass and the sand moving under the action of centrifugal force in the rotating barrel change under the action of inertia, the sand with caking is impacted at high speed due to the fact that the gravity is larger, the speed of the reducing is higher, and the sand can be impacted at high speed by the sand without caking, and then the caking is smashed, has changed the rotational speed of rotatory bucket through drive mechanism, and then has effectively reduced the condition of grit caking, can make grit and living beings area of contact increase, improves the oil production of living beings.

Further, combustion mechanism includes the combustion chamber, rotating vane, and the rotation axis, No. three synchronizing wheels, No. four synchronizing wheels, No. two hold-in ranges, flame thrower, solenoid valve, the pressure mechanism, combustion chamber one end fixed connection baffle breach department, rotation axis one end is rotated and is connected the barrel bottom, be equipped with rotating vane on the rotation axis, the cover is equipped with No. three synchronizing wheels on the rotation axis, No. four synchronizing wheel covers and establishes in the axis of rotation, the cover is equipped with No. two hold-in ranges on No. three synchronizing wheels and No. four synchronizing wheels, the position department that the rotation axis is close to with the rotating vane surface is equipped with the nozzle, the inside flame thrower that is equipped with of rotation axis, be equipped with solenoid valve in the nozzle, be equipped with pressure mechanism in the rotating vane.

The combustion mechanism is driven by a transmission mechanism, a rotating shaft drives a third synchronous wheel to rotate, the third synchronous wheel drives a fourth synchronous wheel to rotate through a second synchronous belt, the fourth synchronous wheel drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the rotating shaft drives a rotating blade to rotate, the rotating blade conveys sand and a small part of coke mixture after reaction in a rotating barrel to the bottom end from the top end of a combustion chamber, in the conveying process, the mixture presses a pressure mechanism under the action of gravity, and the pressure mechanism controls an electromagnetic valve to be opened and closed so that the size of flame sprayed by the flame sprayer is changed, namely when the mixture is more, the opening of the electromagnetic valve is increased, and the flame sprayed by the flame sprayer is increased; when the mixture is less, the opening of the electromagnetic valve is reduced, the flame sprayed by the flame sprayer is reduced, the energy can be effectively saved, and the resource waste is avoided. The sand and coke mixture is fully mixed and dispersed at each part of the rotary blade under the action of the rotary blade, and the flame thrower can more thoroughly burn off the coke mixed in the sand, thereby providing a good foundation for the next step of heating the sand.

Further, the pressure mechanism comprises a pressing plate, a spring and a telescopic rod, a groove is formed in the rotating blade, a plurality of pressing plates are arranged in the groove, the spring is fixedly connected below the pressing plate, one end of the spring is far away from the bottom of the groove, one end of the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with the pressing plate, and one end of the telescopic rod, far away from the pressing plate, extends into the control switch of the electromagnetic valve connected with the inside of the rotating blade from the bottom of the groove.

The mixture of grit and coke can have the pressure effect to the clamp plate under the effect of gravity, and then the clamp plate forces telescopic link and spring in the recess, and the switching degree of solenoid valve is decided to the stroke that the telescopic link was compressed, and then the size of the flame that changes the flame thrower that can be accurate can effectively practice thrift manufacturing cost.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the rotating cone type reaction mechanism is utilized to efficiently carry out thermal cracking reaction on the inert carrier sand and the biomass raw material, the combustion mechanism is arranged on one side of the reaction mechanism, the rotating blades are utilized to enable the mixture of the sand and the coke to be dispersed to various places of the rotating blades for combustion, the coke in the sand can be fully combusted, meanwhile, the pressure mechanism is arranged on the rotating blades, the opening size of the flame thrower can be adjusted according to the mixture of the sand and the coke, and the energy and the production cost can be effectively saved; be equipped with drive mechanism at reaction mechanism's lower extreme, drive mechanism can be so that rotatory bucket rotational speed automatic change, and then has changed the slew velocity of living beings and grit in the rotatory bucket, utilizes the grit of non-caking to break away the grit of caking, and then can increase the area of contact of grit and living beings, promotes the living beings thermal cracking reaction and goes on, effectively improves production efficiency.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the transmission mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the combustion mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the pressure mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the drive shaft and drive gear position mechanism of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-a support; 2-a cylinder body; 3-a feed inlet; 4-air outlet; 5-a reaction mechanism; 51-a conical block; 52-rotating the barrel; 53-baffles; 6-a transmission mechanism; 601-a motor; 602-synchronous wheel number one; 603-second synchronizing wheel; 604-synchronous belt number one; 605-a drive shaft; 606-a rotating shaft; 607-transmission gear; 608-a rotating gear; 609-a bump; 610-connecting rod; 611-fixing the rod; 612-a limit key; 7-a condenser pipe; 8-a condenser; 9-a collection barrel; 10-a combustion mechanism; 101-a combustion chamber; 102-rotating blades; 103-rotation axis; 104-third synchronizing wheel; 105-synchronizing wheel number four; 106-second synchronous belt; 107-flame thrower; 108-a solenoid valve; 11-a pressure mechanism; 111-a platen; 112-a spring; 113-telescopic rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a living beings flash thermal cracking sludge treatment device, the device include support 1, barrel 2, feed inlet 3, gas outlet 4, reaction mechanism 5, drive mechanism 6, condenser 7, condenser 8, collecting vessel 9 and burning mechanism 10, 2 bottom fixed connection supports 1 upper ends of barrel, 2 upper ends of barrel are equipped with feed inlet 3, 3 one sides of feed inlet are equipped with gas outlet 4, 2 inside reaction mechanism 5 that are equipped with of barrel, 5 upper end fixed connection feed inlets 3 of reaction mechanism, 5 one sides of reaction mechanism are equipped with burning mechanism 10, 4 one end fixed connection condenser pipes 7 of gas outlet, 4 one end fixed connection collecting vessel 9 of gas outlet are kept away from to condenser pipe 7, be equipped with condenser 8 on condenser pipe 7, condenser pipe 7 is "S" shape and distributes on 2 outer walls of barrel. The biomass crushed and the heated sand are fed into a reaction mechanism 5 on the inner wall of a cylinder 2 from a feeding hole 3 to react, most of the biomass reacted by the reaction mechanism 5 generates combustible gas, the combustible gas enters a condensation pipe 7 from an air outlet 4 and is condensed by a condenser 8 to become bio-oil, finally the bio-oil is collected in a collection barrel 9, a small part of coke and sand generated by the reaction of the biomass are discharged to a combustion mechanism 10 from the reaction mechanism 5, the coke mixed in the sand is burnt out by the combustion mechanism 10, the sand is further heated in the combustion process, partial energy required by heating the sand in the later cycle process can be saved, the condensation pipe 7 is arranged to be distributed on the outer wall of the cylinder 2 in an S shape, the temperature of the combustible gas is reduced in the process of moving in the condensation pipe 7, and the energy required by further condensing by the condenser 8 is reduced, effectively saving the production cost.

The reaction mechanism 5 comprises a conical block 51, a rotary barrel 52 and a baffle plate 53, one end of the conical block 51 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cylinder body 2, two parallel feed channels are arranged in the conical block 51, one end of each feed channel is communicated with the feed port 3, the two feed channels penetrate through the whole conical block 51, the rotary tub 52 is a cone with an open end, the rotary tub 52 is located outside the cone block 51, one end of the rotary barrel 52 far away from the opening is fixedly connected with the transmission mechanism 6, a baffle plate 53 is arranged on the outer wall of the rotary barrel 52, one end of the baffle 53 is fixedly connected with the cylinder body 2, one end of the baffle 53, which is far away from the cylinder body 2, is rotatably connected with the outer wall of the rotary barrel 52, a notch is formed in one side of the baffle 53, the upper end of the combustion mechanism 10 is fixedly connected with the baffle 53 at the notch, and an included angle formed by the plane where the baffle 53 is located and the axis of the rotary barrel 52 is an acute angle. The biomass and sand enter the space between the conical block 51 and the rotary barrel 52 from two feeding channels, the rotary barrel 52 rotates at a high speed under the action of the transmission mechanism 6, and then the mixture of the biomass and the sand moves from the bottom to the top of the rotary barrel 52 under the action of centrifugal force and falls onto the baffle 53 from the top of the rotary barrel 52, and the baffle 53 is inclined, so that the mixture of the sand and coke enters the combustion mechanism 10 from the gap of the baffle 53 to carry out the next step of removing coke in the sand and heating the sand.

The transmission mechanism 6 comprises a motor 601, a first synchronous wheel 602, a second synchronous wheel 603, a first synchronous belt 604, a transmission shaft 605, a rotating shaft 606, a transmission gear 607, a rotating gear 608, a bump 609, a connecting rod 610, a fixing rod 611 and a limit key 612, wherein the first synchronous wheel 602 is fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the motor 601, the second synchronous wheel 603 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 605, one end of the transmission shaft 605 is rotatably connected with the bottom of the barrel 2, the transmission shaft 605 is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the motor 601, the same first synchronous wheel 604 is sleeved on the first synchronous wheel 602 and the second synchronous wheel 603, the bump 609 is sleeved on the transmission shaft 605, the second synchronous wheel 603 is fixedly connected on one side of the bump 609, the limit key 612 is arranged on the transmission shaft 605, a key groove is arranged on the transmission gear 607, the transmission gear 607 is slidably connected with the transmission shaft 605, and a T-shaped groove is arranged on the bump 609 along the circumferential direction, the utility model discloses a barrel 2, including connecting rod 610, drive gear 607, lug 609, connecting rod 610, connecting rod 611, connecting rod 610, connecting rod, rotating rod and rotating rod, and rotating rod, 52, and rotating rod, and fixed cover, and rotating rod, 608 are fixed being connected to be equipped with fixed in a fixed in the end, are fixed in the end, and fixed in the end, rotating rod, rotating. The motor 601 drives the first synchronous wheel 602 to rotate, the first synchronous wheel 602 drives the first synchronous belt 604 to drive the second synchronous wheel 603 to rotate, and further drives the transmission shaft 605 to rotate, the transmission shaft 605 drives the bump 609 and the transmission gear 607 to rotate, because the connecting rod 610 is arranged between the bump 609 and the transmission gear 607, and both ends of the connecting rod 610 are movably connected with the bump 609 and the transmission gear 607, when one end of the connecting rod 610 connected with the bump 609 is at the highest point of the bump 609, the transmission gear 607 moves along the axial direction of the limit key 612 under the pushing of the connecting rod 610, and further the transmission gear 607 is disengaged from the rotation gear 608, the power source for driving the rotation shaft 606 to rotate by the rotation gear 608 disappears, so the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 606 is reduced, the movement speed of biomass and sand moving under the action of centrifugal force in the rotating barrel 52 is changed under the action of inertia, and the sand with caking is larger because of gravity, the speed that the velocity of motion slows down is great, so can be by the high-speed striking of the grit that does not agglomerate, and then the agglomeration is smashed, has changed the rotational speed of rotatory bucket 52 through drive mechanism 6, and then has effectively reduced the condition of grit agglomeration, can make grit and biomass area of contact increase, improves the oil production of living beings.

Combustion mechanism 10 includes combustion chamber 101, rotating vane 102, rotation axis 103, No. three synchronizing wheel 104, No. four synchronizing wheel 105, No. two hold-in ranges 106, flame thrower 107, solenoid valve 108, pressure mechanism 11, combustion chamber 101 one end fixed connection baffle 53 breach department, rotation axis 103 one end is rotated and is connected 2 bottoms of barrel, be equipped with rotating vane 102 on the rotation axis 103, the cover is equipped with No. three synchronizing wheel 104 on the rotation axis 103, No. four synchronizing wheel 105 covers and establishes on axis of rotation 606, the cover is equipped with No. two hold-in ranges 106 on No. three synchronizing wheel 104 and No. four synchronizing wheel 105, the position department that rotation axis 103 and rotating vane 102 surface are close to is equipped with the nozzle, the inside flame thrower 107 that is equipped with of rotation axis 103, be equipped with solenoid valve 108 in the nozzle, be equipped with pressure mechanism 11 in the rotating vane 102. The combustion mechanism 10 is driven by the transmission mechanism 6, the rotating shaft 606 drives the third synchronizing wheel 104 to rotate, the third synchronizing wheel 104 drives the fourth synchronizing wheel 105 to rotate through the second synchronizing belt 106, the fourth synchronizing wheel 105 drives the rotating shaft 103 to rotate, the rotating shaft 103 drives the rotating blade 102 to rotate, the rotating blade 102 conveys sand and a small part of coke mixture after reaction in the rotating barrel 52 to the bottom end from the top end of the combustion chamber 101, in the conveying process, the mixture presses the pressure mechanism 11 under the action of gravity, and the pressure mechanism 11 controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 108 to change the size of flame sprayed by the flame sprayer 107, namely when the mixture is more, the opening of the electromagnetic valve 108 is increased, and the flame sprayed by the flame sprayer 107 is increased; when the mixture is less, the opening of the electromagnetic valve 108 is reduced, the flame sprayed by the flame sprayer 107 is reduced, the energy can be effectively saved, and the resource waste is avoided. The sand and coke mixture is fully mixed and dispersed in various parts of the rotating blade 102 under the action of the rotating blade 102, and the flame ejector 107 can burn the coke mixed in the sand completely, so that a good foundation is provided for the next step of heating the sand.

The pressure mechanism 11 comprises a pressure plate 111, a spring 112 and an expansion link 113, a groove is formed in the rotating blade 102, a plurality of pressure plates 111 are arranged in the groove, the spring 112 is fixedly connected below the pressure plates 111, one end, far away from the pressure plates 111, of the spring 112 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the groove, one end, far away from the pressure plates 111, of the expansion link 113 is fixedly connected with the pressure plates 111, and one end, far away from the pressure plates 111, of the expansion link 113 extends into the control switch of the electromagnetic valve 108 connected with the inside of the rotating blade 102 from the bottom of the groove. The mixture of grit and coke can be under the effect of gravity to clamp plate 111 pressure effect, and then clamp plate 111 compresses telescopic link 113 and spring 112 in the recess, and the stroke that telescopic link 113 was compressed determines solenoid valve 108's switching degree, and then the size of the flame that can be accurate change flame thrower 107 sprays can effectively practice thrift manufacturing cost.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a living beings flash thermal cracking sludge processing apparatus which characterized in that: the device comprises a support (1), a cylinder (2), a feed inlet (3), an air outlet (4), a reaction mechanism (5), a transmission mechanism (6), a condenser pipe (7), a condenser (8), a collecting barrel (9) and a combustion mechanism (10), the bottom end of the cylinder body (2) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the support (1), the upper end of the cylinder body (2) is provided with a feed inlet (3), an air outlet (4) is arranged at one side of the feed inlet (3), a reaction mechanism (5) is arranged in the cylinder body (2), the upper end of the reaction mechanism (5) is fixedly connected with the feed inlet (3), one side of the reaction mechanism (5) is provided with a combustion mechanism (10), one end of the air outlet (4) is fixedly connected with a condensing pipe (7), one end, far away from the air outlet (4), of the condensing pipe (7) is fixedly connected with a collecting barrel (9), and a condenser (8) is arranged on the condensing pipe (7);

the transmission mechanism (6) comprises a motor (601), a first synchronous wheel (602), a second synchronous wheel (603), a first synchronous belt (604), a transmission shaft (605), a rotating shaft (606), a transmission gear (607), a rotating gear (608), a bump (609), a connecting rod (610), a fixed rod (611) and a limit key (612), wherein the first synchronous wheel (602) is fixedly sleeved on an output shaft of the motor (601), the second synchronous wheel (603) is sleeved on the transmission shaft (605), one end of the transmission shaft (605) is rotatably connected with the bottom of the barrel body (2), the transmission shaft (605) is parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the motor (601), the first synchronous wheel (602) and the second synchronous wheel (603) are sleeved with the same first synchronous belt (604), the bump (609) is sleeved on the transmission shaft (605), one side of the bump (609) is fixedly connected with the second synchronous wheel (603), the transmission shaft (605) is provided with a limit key (612), the transmission gear (607) is provided with a key groove, the transmission gear (607) is connected with the transmission shaft (605) in a sliding manner, the projection (609) is provided with a T-shaped groove along the circumferential direction, one end of the connecting rod (610) is provided with a stop block, the stop block is connected with the projection (609) in the T-shaped groove in a sliding manner, the transmission gear (607) is provided with a T-shaped groove along the circumferential direction, one end of the connecting rod (610) far away from the projection (609) is provided with a stop block, the stop block is connected with the transmission gear (607) in the T-shaped groove in a sliding manner, one end of the fixed rod (611) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylinder body (2), one end of the fixed rod (611) far away from the inner wall of the cylinder body (2) is provided with a lantern ring, the connecting rod (610) penetrates through the lantern ring to be in sliding contact with the lantern ring, the bottom of the cylinder body (2) is provided with a first hole, the rotating shaft (606) extends into the barrel (2) from the first hole and is fixedly connected with the rotating barrel (52), a rotating gear (608) is fixedly sleeved at one end, away from the rotating barrel (52), of the rotating shaft (606), and the transmission gear (607) is meshed with the rotating gear (608).

2. The apparatus for flash thermal cracking of biomass sludge according to claim 1, wherein: the reaction mechanism (5) comprises a conical block (51), a rotary barrel (52) and a baffle plate (53), one end of the conical block (51) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the upper end of the cylinder body (2), two parallel feeding channels are arranged in the conical block (51), the two feeding channels penetrate through the whole conical block (51), the rotary barrel (52) is conical with one end opened, the rotary barrel (52) is positioned at the outer side of the conical block (51), one end of the rotary barrel (52) far away from the opening is fixedly connected with a transmission mechanism (6), a baffle plate (53) is arranged on the outer wall of the rotary barrel (52), one end of the baffle plate (53) is fixedly connected with the barrel body (2), one end of the baffle (53) far away from the cylinder body (2) is rotatably connected with the outer wall of the rotary barrel (52), one side of the baffle (53) is provided with a notch, and the upper end of the combustion mechanism (10) is fixedly connected with the baffle (53) at the notch.

3. The biomass flash thermal cracking sludge treatment device according to claim 2, wherein: the included angle between the plane of the baffle plate (53) and the axis of the rotary barrel (52) is an acute angle.

4. The apparatus for flash thermal cracking of biomass sludge according to claim 1, wherein: the combustion mechanism (10) comprises a combustion chamber (101), a rotating blade (102), a rotating shaft (103), a third synchronizing wheel (104), a fourth synchronizing wheel (105), a second synchronizing belt (106), a flame thrower (107), an electromagnetic valve (108) and a pressure mechanism (11), wherein a notch of a fixed connecting baffle (53) at one end of the combustion chamber (101) is arranged, one end of the rotating shaft (103) is rotated to be connected with the bottom of the cylinder body (2), the rotating shaft (103) is provided with the rotating blade (102), the rotating shaft (103) is sleeved with the third synchronizing wheel (104), the fourth synchronizing wheel (105) is sleeved on a rotating shaft (606), the third synchronizing wheel (104) and the fourth synchronizing wheel (105) are sleeved with the second synchronizing belt (106), the rotating shaft (103) is provided with a nozzle at a position close to the surface of the rotating blade (102), and the flame thrower (107) is arranged inside the rotating shaft (103), an electromagnetic valve (108) is arranged in the nozzle, and a pressure mechanism (11) is arranged in the rotating blade (102).

5. The apparatus for flash thermal cracking of biomass sludge according to claim 4, wherein: pressure mechanism (11) are including clamp plate (111), spring (112) and telescopic link (113), be equipped with the recess on rotating vane (102), be equipped with a plurality of clamp plates (111) in the recess, clamp plate (111) below fixed connection spring (112), clamp plate (111) one end fixed connection recess bottom is kept away from in spring (112), telescopic link (113) one end fixed connection clamp plate (111), telescopic link (113) are kept away from clamp plate (111) one end and are stretched into the control switch of rotating vane (102) internal connection electromagnetic valve (108) from the recess bottom.

6. The apparatus for flash thermal cracking of biomass sludge according to claim 1, wherein: the condensation pipes (7) are distributed on the outer wall of the cylinder body (2) in an S shape.