CN113416213B - Application of organic phosphonium salt molecule in perovskite solar cell and preparation method of device thereof - Google Patents
Application of organic phosphonium salt molecule in perovskite solar cell and preparation method of device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application of organic phosphonium salt molecules in a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method of a device thereof, belonging to the technical field of perovskite solar cells. The anions and cations in the organic phosphonium salt molecules and the perovskite film have chemical actions, so that the interface defects of the perovskite film are effectively passivated, the service life of the current carrier of the perovskite film is prolonged, and the non-radiative recombination of the interface current carrier is inhibited, thereby simultaneously improving the power conversion efficiency and stability of the device and realizing the controllable preparation of the high-efficiency stable perovskite solar cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of compound preparation, and relates to an application of organic phosphonium salt molecules in a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method of a device thereof.
Background
Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have the advantages of low cost, adjustable band gap, long carrier diffusion length, high molar absorption coefficient, solution processibility, flexible preparation, high Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE) and the like, are the fastest-developing solar cell technology, and can be compared with the efficiency of single crystal silicon solar cells. To date, the highest efficiency certified by the national laboratory of renewable energy (NREL) in the united states has reached 25.5%. However, the poor long-term operational stability of PSCs severely limits their large-scale commercial applications. Numerous studies have shown that perovskite light absorbing layer bulk and interface non-radiative recombination losses are the main cause of PCE and stability loss. In view of this, it is highly desirable to minimize bulk and interfacial non-radiative recombination losses by developing suitable methods.
During high temperature annealing and rapid crystallization, a large number of defects inevitably occur in the perovskite thin film: on one hand, most bulk defects are shallow level point defects, and most interface defects are deep level defects; on the other hand, the surface of the perovskite thin film is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the defects in the perovskite thin film. Thus, interfacial non-radiative recombination dominates over non-radiative recombination. Interface defects, imperfect interface energy level alignment, and interface chemical reactions are the main causes of interface nonradiative recombination. Among them, interface non-radiative recombination caused by interface defects is a major cause of efficiency and stability loss. Research shows that the perovskite thin film is degraded from grain boundaries and surfaces preferentially, and defects on the grain boundaries and the surfaces of the perovskite thin film accelerate the degradation of perovskite. The presence of grain boundaries makes it easier for oxygen and water molecules to penetrate into the perovskite thin film, thereby accelerating perovskite degradation. Therefore, the defects of the grain boundary and the surface of the perovskite thin film are passivated through an interface engineering strategy, so that the power conversion efficiency and the stability of the device can be improved.
To date, a wide variety of molecules have been developed to passivate the grain boundaries and surface defects of perovskite thin films, including primarily lewis acids or base molecules, two-dimensional perovskites, organic or inorganic salts, and quantum dots. Wherein, the cations and anions in the salt molecules can respectively passivate the defects of the cations and the anions through the ionic bonding. To date, most research efforts have been directed to the development of organoammonium salt molecules to passivate interfacial defects. To our knowledge, there are few reports on the work on organophosphonium salts. Since lewis base molecules are very effective in passivating uncoordinated lead, it is necessary to incorporate electron-rich functional groups into the organic salt molecules in order to take full advantage of the lewis base and organic salt molecules. However, such molecular design strategies have rarely been reported in perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, the use of non-halogen anions in perovskite solar cells has received extensive attention.
In view of this, there is an urgent need to maximize the defect-inactivating potential of salt molecules by developing novel phosphonium salt molecules.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide organophosphonium salt molecules; the second object of the present invention is to provide the use of the organic phosphonium salt molecule in perovskite solar cells; the invention also aims to provide an upright perovskite solar cell with an interface modification layer prepared by organic phosphonium salt molecules; the fourth purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the orthosteric perovskite solar cell with the interface modification layer prepared by the organic phosphonium salt molecule.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
1. an organophosphonium salt molecule having a structural formula as follows:
wherein R is 1 Is composed of
(CH 3 ) 3 C-、CH 3 CH 2 -or CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 -；X 1 Is Cl, br, I or H; x 2 Is Cl, br, I, BF 4 、PF 6 Or CF 3 SO 3 。
2. The application of the organic phosphonium salt molecule in the perovskite solar cell specifically comprises the following steps: the organic phosphonium salt molecule is used for modifying the interface between the perovskite light absorption layer and the hole transport layer to form an interface modification layer.
3. An orthoperovskite solar cell, wherein the solar cell is provided with an interface modification layer prepared from the organic phosphonium salt molecule.
Preferably, the solar cell is formed by stacking a conductive substrate layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an interface modification layer, a hole transport layer and a metal back electrode from bottom to top in sequence.
Further preferably, the conductive substrate layer is one of ITO or FTO; the material of the electron transport layer is SnO 2 、TiO 2 、ZnO、BaSnO 3 Or CeO 2 Any one or more of them;
the perovskite light absorption layer is ABX 3 Perovskite light-absorbing layer, wherein A is CH 3 NH 3 + 、CH(NH 2 ) 2 + 、Cs + Or Rb + B is Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ Or Ge 2+ Any one or more of them, X is Cl - 、Br - Or I - Any one or more of them;
the material of the hole transport layer is any one or more of 2,2',7,7' -tetra [ N, N-di (4-methoxyphenyl) amino ] -9,9' -spirobifluorene, poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) amine ], poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), cuprous thiocyanate, cuprous iodide or nickel oxide;
the metal back electrode is any one of Au, ag or low-temperature carbon electrode.
4. The preparation method of the solar cell comprises the following steps:
(1) Pretreating the conductive substrate;
(2) Spin-coating the solution of the electron transport layer on the pretreated conductive substrate, annealing to prepare the electron transport layer, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone irradiation treatment or Plasma treatment on the electron transport layer to form the electron transport layer;
(3) Spin-coating the perovskite precursor solution on the electron transport layer prepared in the step (2), dripping an anti-solvent, and annealing to prepare a perovskite light absorption layer;
(4) Spin coating the organic phosphonium salt molecular solution on the perovskite light absorption layer prepared in the step (3) to prepare an interface modification layer;
(5) Spin-coating the interface modification layer prepared in the step (4) to prepare a hole transport layer;
(6) And (5) preparing a metal back electrode on the hole transmission layer in the step (5).
Preferably, the parameter setting in the spin coating process specifically includes: the rotating speed is 2000-6000 rpm, and the spin coating time is 20-60 s.
Preferably, the annealing process is annealing at 100-200 ℃ for 10-60 min.
Preferably, the antisolvent is one or more of chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, dichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, chloroform or diethyl ether.
Preferably, the concentration of the organic phosphonium salt molecule solution is 0.01-5.0 mg/mL;
the solvent in the organic phosphonium salt molecular solution is any one or more of anisole, dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether or isopropanol.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides an organic phosphonium salt molecule, a molecule containing organic phosphonium cation and anion, wherein the organic cation and anion in the organic phosphonium salt molecule can fill cation vacancy and halogen vacancy on the surface of a perovskite thin film respectively. The anions and cations in the organic phosphonium salt molecules and the perovskite film have chemical actions, so that the interface defects of the perovskite film are effectively passivated, the service life of the current carrier of the perovskite film is prolonged, and the non-radiative recombination of the interface current carrier is inhibited, thereby simultaneously improving the power conversion efficiency and stability of the device and realizing the controllable preparation of the high-efficiency stable perovskite solar cell.
2. The perovskite film of the solar cell prepared by the organic phosphonium salt molecule has the service life as long as 1.54 mu s, the prepared device realizes the power conversion efficiency of 22.15 percent, the unpackaged device keeps 96.4 percent of the initial efficiency after being aged for 2016 hours under the condition of 10 to 20 percent relative humidity, and the unpackaged device keeps 98.2 percent of the initial efficiency after being aged for 1320 hours at 60 ℃. The molecule of the organic phosphonium salt of the present invention is very important for promoting the commercialization of PSC.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is an XPS spectrum of a perovskite light absorbing layer not coated with an interface modification layer (comparative example) and a perovskite light absorbing layer modified with an organic phosphonium salt molecule (example 1) of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph of transient fluorescence spectra of perovskite light absorbing layers prepared in comparative example and example 1;
FIG. 3 is a current density-voltage plot for the perovskite solar cells of comparative example and example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the humidity stability test results for the unencapsulated perovskite solar cells of comparative example and example 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the thermal stability test results for the unencapsulated perovskite solar cells of comparative example and example 1;
FIG. 6 is a current density-voltage plot for the perovskite solar cell of example 2;
FIG. 7 is a current density-voltage plot for the perovskite solar cell of example 3;
FIG. 8 is a current density-voltage plot for the perovskite solar cell of example 4;
FIG. 9 is a current density-voltage plot for the perovskite solar cell of example 5;
fig. 10 is a current density-voltage plot for the perovskite solar cell of example 6.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
The preparation method of the organic phosphonium salt molecule A modified positive perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
(1) Ultrasonically cleaning an ITO conductive substrate by using a detergent, deionized water, acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, drying the ITO conductive substrate by using nitrogen, treating the ITO conductive substrate by using ultraviolet ozone for 15min, and cooling the ITO conductive substrate for later use;
(2) To 250 μ L of SnO with a mass fraction of 15% 2 Adding 750 mu L of deionized water into the nanoparticle dispersion liquid, filtering by 0.22 mu m PVDF, dripping 40 mu L of deionized water onto the ITO conductive substrate treated in the step (1), spin-coating for 30s at the rotating speed of 3000rpm, annealing for 30min at 150 ℃ to prepare an electron transmission layer, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone irradiation treatment on the electron transmission layer for 15min to prepare the electron transmission layer;
(3) FAI (248.16 mg), csI (19.73 mg), rbI (6.58 mg), pbI2 (682.73 mg), pbBr 2 (8.53 mg), pbCl2 (12.74 mg) and MACl (35 mg) are dissolved in a mixed solvent of DMF and DMSO (the volume ratio of DMF to DMSO is 4:1), the solution is shaken for 10min to prepare a perovskite precursor solution with the concentration of 1.55mol/L, after 0.22 mu m PTFE is filtered, 40 mu L of the solution is dripped on the electron transport layer in the step (2), spin-coated for 30s at the rotating speed of 4000rpm, 80 mu L of chlorobenzene is dripped from 15 th to 16s before the spin-coating is finished, and then the perovskite light absorption layer is prepared by annealing at 130 ℃ for 30 min;
(4) Dissolving 0.5mg of organic phosphonium salt molecule A in 1mL of anisole to prepare an organic phosphonium salt molecule A solution, dropwise adding 30 mu L of the organic phosphonium salt molecule A solution onto the perovskite light absorption layer in the step (3), and spin-coating for 30s at the rotating speed of 5000rpm to prepare an interface modification layer;
(5) Dissolving 72.3mg of 2,2',7,7' -tetra [ N, N-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) amino ] -9,9' -spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) in L mL of chlorobenzene, adding 29 muL of TBP and 18 muL of Li-TFSI (the concentration is 520mg/mL, the solvent is anhydrous acetonitrile), uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 30 muL of the mixture onto the interface modification layer obtained in the step (4), and carrying out spin coating at the rotating speed of 3000rpm for 30s to obtain a hole transport layer;
(6) Under high vacuum (10) -4 Pa), and evaporating an Au electrode with the thickness of 80nm on the hole transmission layer in the step (5) through thermal evaporation.
Comparative examples
The method for preparing the positive perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
(1) Ultrasonically cleaning an ITO conductive substrate by using a detergent, deionized water, acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol in sequence, drying the ITO conductive substrate by using nitrogen, treating the ITO conductive substrate by using ultraviolet ozone for 15min, and cooling the ITO conductive substrate for later use;
(2) To 250 μ L of SnO with a mass fraction of 15% 2 Adding 750 mu L of deionized water into the nanoparticle dispersion liquid, filtering by 0.22 mu m PVDF, dripping 40 mu L of deionized water onto the ITO conductive substrate treated in the step (1), spin-coating for 30s at the rotating speed of 3000rpm, annealing for 30min at 150 ℃ to prepare an electron transmission layer, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone irradiation treatment on the electron transmission layer for 15min;
(3) FAI (248.16 mg), csI (19.73 mg), rbI (6.58 mg), pbI 2 (682.73mg)、PbBr 2 (8.53mg)、PbCl 2 (12.74 mg) and MACl (35 mg) dissolved in a mixed solvent of DMF and DMSO (V) DMF :V DMSO = 4:1), oscillating for 6min to prepare 1.55mol/L perovskite precursor solution, filtering by 0.22 μm PTFE, taking 40 μ L to be dripped on the electron transport layer in the step (2), spin-coating for 30s at the rotation speed of 4000rpm, dripping 80 μ L chlorobenzene for 15-16 s before the end of spin-coating, and then annealing for 30min at 130 ℃ to prepare the perovskite light absorption layer;
(4) Dissolving 72.3mg of 2,2',7,7' -tetra [ N, N-bis (4-methoxyphenyl) amino ] -9,9' -spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) in L mL of chlorobenzene, adding 29 muL of TBP and 18 muL of Li-TFSI (the concentration is 520mg/mL, the solvent is anhydrous acetonitrile), uniformly mixing, dropwise adding 30 muL of the mixture onto the perovskite light absorption layer in the step (3), and carrying out spin coating at the rotating speed of 3000rpm for 30s to prepare a hole transport layer;
(5) Under high vacuum (10) -4 Pa), and performing thermal evaporation to plate an Au electrode with the thickness of 80nm on the hole transport layer in the step (4) to obtain the perovskite solar cell.
FIG. 1 is an XPS spectrum of the perovskite light absorbing layer of example 1 (comparative example) not coated with an interface modification layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer modified with an organic phosphonium salt molecule A (example 1).
Fig. 2 is a transient fluorescence spectrum of the perovskite light absorption layer prepared in the comparative example and example 1, and it can be seen that the perovskite thin film prepared in the comparative example has a carrier lifetime of 0.55 μ s, while the perovskite thin film prepared in example 1 has a carrier lifetime of 1.54 μ s, and the lifetime is significantly improved.
Fig. 3 is a current density-voltage graph of the perovskite solar cell of comparative example and example 1, and from this graph, various photovoltaic parameters of the two cells were obtained, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 photovoltaic parameters of the perovskite solar cells in comparative example and example 1
As can be seen from fig. 3 and table 1, the short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor of the perovskite solar cell in example 1 were significantly improved, and the power conversion efficiency was improved from 20.61% to 22.15% of the comparative example.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the humidity stability test results for the unencapsulated perovskite solar cells of the control example and example 1. As can be seen from fig. 4, the unencapsulated perovskite solar cell of example 1 maintained 96.4% of the initial efficiency after 2016 hours of aging at 20-40% relative humidity.
Fig. 5 is a graph of thermal stability test results for the unencapsulated perovskite solar cells of the control example and example 1. As can be seen from fig. 5, the unencapsulated perovskite solar cell of example 1 maintained 98.2% of the initial efficiency after aging for 1320h at 60 ℃.
Example 2
The preparation method of the organic phosphonium salt molecule B modified positive perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that in step (4), the organic phosphonium salt molecule A is replaced with an organic phosphonium salt molecule B.
Fig. 6 is a current density-voltage graph of the perovskite solar cell of example 2, and various photovoltaic parameters of the cell were obtained from the graph, and the results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 photovoltaic parameters of perovskite solar cell in example 2
As can be seen from fig. 6 and table 2, the open circuit voltage of the perovskite solar cell in example 2 was improved, and the power conversion efficiency was improved from 20.61% to 21.28% of the comparative example.
Example 3
The preparation method of the organic phosphonium salt molecule C modified positive perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that in step (4), the organic phosphonium salt molecule A is replaced with an organic phosphonium salt molecule C.
Fig. 7 is a current density-voltage graph of the perovskite solar cell of example 3, and various photovoltaic parameters of the cell were obtained according to the graph, and the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 photovoltaic parameters of perovskite solar cell in example 3
As can be seen from fig. 7 and table 3, the open circuit voltage and the fill factor of the perovskite solar cell in example 3 were improved, and the power conversion efficiency was improved from 20.61% to 21.28% of the comparative example.
Example 4
The preparation method of the organic phosphonium salt molecule D modified positive perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that in step (4), the organic phosphonium salt molecule A is replaced with an organic phosphonium salt molecule D.
Fig. 8 is a current density-voltage graph of the perovskite solar cell of example 4, and various photovoltaic parameters of the cell were obtained from the graph, and the results are shown in table 4.
Table 4 photovoltaic parameters of perovskite solar cell in example 4
As can be seen from fig. 8 and table 4, the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the perovskite solar cell in example 4 were improved, and the power conversion efficiency was improved from 20.61% to 21.35% of the comparative example.
Example 5
The preparation method of the organic phosphonium salt molecule E modified positive perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that in step (4), the organic phosphonium salt molecule A is replaced with an organic phosphonium salt molecule E.
Fig. 9 is a current density-voltage graph of the perovskite solar cell of example 5, and various photovoltaic parameters of the cell were obtained according to the graph, and the results are shown in table 5.
Table 5 photovoltaic parameters of perovskite solar cell in example 5
As can be seen from fig. 9 and table 5, the open circuit voltage of the perovskite solar cell in example 5 was improved, and the power conversion efficiency was improved from 20.61% to 21.06% of the comparative example.
Example 6
The preparation method of the organic phosphonium salt molecule F modified positive perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:
the difference from example 1 is that in step (4), the organic phosphonium salt molecule A is replaced with an organic phosphonium salt molecule F.
Fig. 10 is a current density-voltage graph of the perovskite solar cell of example 6, and various photovoltaic parameters of the cell were obtained according to the graph, and the results are shown in table 6.
Table 6 photovoltaic parameters of perovskite solar cell in example 6
As can be seen from fig. 10 and table 6, the power conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell in example 6 is 20.86%, which is improved to some extent compared with the cell efficiency in the comparative example.
Wherein in
In the structural formula (II), R 1 Is composed of
(CH 3 ) 3 C-、CH 3 CH 2 -or CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 -；X 1 Is Cl, br, I or H; x 2 Is Cl, br, I, BF 4 、PF 6 Or CF 3 SO 3 In any combination with each other, the resulting molecules of the organophosphonium salt have properties and effects similar to those of the products prepared in examples 1 to 5. In addition the above-prepared organic phosphoniumIn the process of preparing the solar cell by the onium salt molecules, the rotating speed can be between 2000 and 6000rpm and the spin-coating time is between 20 and 60s in the spin-coating process; the annealing process is specifically annealing at 100-200 ℃ for 10-60 min; the adopted anti-solvent is one or more of chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, dichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, chloroform or diethyl ether; the concentration of the organic phosphonium salt molecular solution is 0.01-5.0 mg/mL, the adopted solvent is one or more of anisole, dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether or isopropanol, and the performance of the prepared solar cell is not influenced by the change of the parameters.
In summary, the present invention provides an organic phosphonium salt molecule, a molecule containing an organic phosphonium cation and an anion, wherein the organic cation and the anion in the organic phosphonium salt molecule can fill the cation vacancy and the halogen vacancy on the surface of the perovskite thin film, respectively. The anions and cations in the organic phosphonium salt molecules and the perovskite film have chemical actions, so that the interface defects of the perovskite film are effectively passivated, the service life of the current carrier of the perovskite film is prolonged, and the non-radiative recombination of the interface current carrier is inhibited, thereby simultaneously improving the power conversion efficiency and stability of the device and realizing the controllable preparation of the high-efficiency stable perovskite solar cell. The service life of the perovskite film of the solar cell prepared by the organic phosphonium salt molecule is as long as 1.54 mu s, the prepared device realizes 22.15% of power conversion efficiency, 96.4% of the initial efficiency of the unpackaged device is kept after the unpackaged device is aged for 2016 hours under the condition of 10-20% of relative humidity, and 98.2% of the initial efficiency of the unpackaged device is kept after the unpackaged device is aged for 1320 hours at 60 ℃. The molecule of the organic phosphonium salt of the present invention is very important for promoting the progress of commercialization of PSC.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The application of organic phosphonium salt molecules in perovskite solar cells is characterized in that the application specifically comprises the following steps: the organic phosphonium salt molecule is used for preparing an interface modification layer between the perovskite light absorption layer and the hole transport layer;
the structural formula of the organic phosphonium salt molecule is as follows:
wherein R is 1 Is composed of
X 1 Is Cl, br or I; x 2 Is BF 4 Or PF 6 。
2. The orthoperovskite solar cell is characterized in that the solar cell contains an interface modification layer prepared from organic phosphonium salt molecules, and the interface modification layer is positioned between a perovskite light absorption layer and a hole transport layer;
the structural formula of the organic phosphonium salt molecule is as follows:
wherein R is 1 Is composed of
X 1 Is Cl, br or I; x 2 Is BF 4 Or PF 6 。
3. The orthoperovskite solar cell of claim 2, which is formed by stacking a conductive substrate layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an interface modification layer, a hole transport layer and a metal back electrode from bottom to top.
4. The orthoperovskite solar cell of claim 3, wherein the conductive substrate layer is one of ITO or FTO; the material of the electron transport layer is SnO 2 、TiO 2 、ZnO、BaSnO 3 Or CeO 2 Any one or more of them;
the perovskite light absorption layer is ABX 3 Perovskite light-absorbing layer, wherein A is CH 3 NH 3 + 、CH(NH 2 ) 2 + 、Cs + Or Rb + B is Pb 2+ 、Sn 2+ Or Ge 2+ Any one or more of them, X is Cl - 、Br - Or I - Any one or more of them;
the material of the hole transport layer is any one or more of 2,2',7,7' -tetra [ N, N-di (4-methoxyphenyl) amino ] -9,9' -spirobifluorene, poly [ bis (4-phenyl) (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) amine ], poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), cuprous thiocyanate, cuprous iodide or nickel oxide;
the metal back electrode is any one of Au or Ag.
5. A method of manufacturing an orthoperovskite solar cell as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(1) Pretreating the conductive substrate;
(2) Spin-coating the solution of the electron transport layer on the pretreated conductive substrate, annealing to prepare the electron transport layer, and then carrying out ultraviolet ozone irradiation treatment or plasma treatment on the electron transport layer to form the electron transport layer;
(3) Spin-coating the perovskite precursor solution on the electron transport layer prepared in the step (2), dripping an anti-solvent, and annealing to prepare a perovskite light absorption layer;
(4) Spin coating the organic phosphonium salt molecular solution on the perovskite light absorption layer prepared in the step (3) to prepare an interface modification layer;
(5) Spin-coating the interface modification layer prepared in the step (4) to prepare a hole transport layer;
(6) And (5) preparing a metal back electrode on the hole transmission layer in the step (5).
6. The method for preparing an upright perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the steps (2) to (5), the parameters in the spin coating process are specifically set as follows: the rotating speed is 2000-6000 rpm, and the spin coating time is 20-60 s.
7. The method for preparing the positive perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (2) and the step (3), the annealing process is specifically annealing at 100-200 ℃ for 10-60 min.
8. The method for preparing the positive perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the anti-solvent is one or more of chlorobenzene, dichloromethane, dichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, chloroform or diethyl ether.
9. The method for producing an upright perovskite solar cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step (4), the concentration of the organic phosphonium salt molecular solution is 0.01 to 5.0mg/mL;
the solvent in the organic phosphonium salt molecular solution is any one or more of anisole, dichloromethane, chloroform, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether or isopropanol.
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