CN113410327A - 一种采用mbb主栅结构的se双面perc电池及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种采用mbb主栅结构的se双面perc电池及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池及其制备方法,涉及新能源材料光伏发电技术领域,本发明包括表面制绒的硅衬底,所述硅衬底背表面依次沉积有背钝化层和背减反射钝化保护膜层,背减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印有多主栅背面电极图形并激光刻槽,槽设置有格栅电极,所述硅衬底前表面沉积有N型掺杂层和前减反射钝化保护膜层,N型掺杂层设置有N+型重掺区,前减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印有多主栅电池正面电极图形,多主栅电池正面电极图形上设置在有与N+型重掺区连接的Ag正电极;本发明具有结构简单,提高了制备电池的光电转换效率的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及新能源材料光伏发电技术领域,更具体的是涉及一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE 双面PERC电池及其制备方法技术领域。
背景技术
光伏发电是通过半导体的光生伏打效应,将太阳光能转化为电能再供给用户使用的一种 可再生能源利用方式。光伏发电可以降低石化能源使用比例,从而减少碳排放,改善环境, 通过十多年技术追赶已逐步成为可与欧美、日等发达国家相匹敌的新兴战略制造业;但由于 当前光利用率偏低和技术路线、设备辅材成本居高,光伏发电还不能达到与传统化石能源相 同的度电成本及售价,光伏电力只有降低度电成本才能扩大应用范围,实现“平价上网”的 终极目标。
而其实现的主要路径就是通过产品研发、技术升级以提高太阳电池光电转换效率、降低 制造端成本。PERC电池是使用比较广泛的电池,PERC电池(PassivatedEmitterand Rear Cel l),是电池的一种结构最早起源于上世纪八十年代,1989年由澳洲新南威尔士大学的 MartinGreen研究组在Applied Physics Letter首次正式报道了PERC电池结构,当时达到 22.8%的实验室电池效率。
但是现有单面PERC电池存在光电转换利用率较低的技术问题,如何解决现有单面PERC 电池存在光电转换利用率较低的问题成了本领域技术人员的努力方向。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:为了解决现有单面PERC电池存在光电转换利用率较低的技术问题, 本发明提供一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池及其制备方法。
本发明为了实现上述目的具体采用以下技术方案:
一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池,包括表面制绒的硅衬底,所述硅衬底背表面依次沉积有背钝化层和背减反射钝化保护膜层,背减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印有多主 栅背面电极图形并激光刻槽,槽设置有格栅电极,所述硅衬底前表面沉积有N型掺杂层和前 减反射钝化保护膜层,N型掺杂层设置有N+型重掺区,前减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印有多 主栅电池正面电极图形,多主栅电池正面电极图形上设置在有与N+型重掺区连接的Ag正电 极。
进一步地,所述前减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印有12条主栅线,主栅线的线宽为1.3 ±0.05。
进一步地,所述背钝化层为厚度3~50nm的Al2O3背钝化层,背减反射钝化保护膜层为 厚度100~150nm背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层,前减反射钝化保护膜层为厚度70~95nm的 氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层。
进一步地,所述前减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印和背减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印均设 置有细栅,主栅边缘为鱼叉的形状,主栅鱼叉部分能够接触到最边缘细栅。
一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池的其制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、使用复合化学腐蚀溶液对硅衬底进行前清洗和表面制绒;
步骤2、将步骤1的硅衬底置于840℃~870℃的管式扩散炉中,使用POCl3液态源对所 述硅衬底进行扩散,通过四步通源法扩散工艺,制作出高杂质浓度的PSG层和160±8Ω的方 块电阻,正面杂质扩散浓度均匀性低于5%;
步骤3、使用波长为532nm的激光辐照,按照多主栅电池正面电极图形设计SE激光掺杂 图形,进行激光局域烧蚀,在所述硅片的辐照区实现磷的重掺杂而形成N-type高浓度发射 极,制备得到初步的选择性发射结结构;
步骤4、匹配HF和HNO3混合液,对步骤3中所得硅衬底表面发射结和N+发射极层进行 刻蚀,去除硅衬底表面高杂质浓度PSG层,同时去除背部多余PN结回路、对背表面适度抛光;
步骤5、按PERC工艺流程完成氧化退火,制备3~50nm的Al2O3背钝化层及100~150nm 背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层,翻转电池片正面PECVD沉积膜厚70~95nm的氮化硅减反射 钝化保护膜层;
步骤6、在背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层上,按照丝网印刷背面电极图形设计多主栅 背面激光开槽图形,并做激光刻槽;
步骤7、丝网印刷一、二、三、四道使用12BB电池专用网版,在网印二、三、四道增加对位相机、升级对位软件,确保正、背面栅线精确印刷到SE区、背面激光开槽区,同时匹 配12BB+SE+PREC单晶正电极专用浆料,低温快速烧结退火形成低电阻导出电极;
步骤8、订制12BB专用测试机台,完成12BB探针架改造升级,用12BB标片校准,并通过动态测试,完成12BB电池EL测试改造升级,在线测试12BB电池片电性能和EL,完成效 率分档及外观检验,完成SE双面PERC电池的制备过程。
进一步地,步骤1中,所述复合化学腐蚀液是由HF、HNO3、H2SO4、KOH、NaOH、Na2SiO3和DI-water制成,同时向复合化学腐蚀液加入添加剂,添加剂为异丙醇、(NH4)2S2O4、N2H4·H2O一种或多种。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明结构简单,本专利通过引入正面选择性发射极和背面双面电池结构和工艺, 开发出可工业化的SE双面PERC单晶高效电池,进一步提高现有PERC电池的光电转换利用 率。选择性发射极结构是指在金属栅线与硅片接触部位及其附近区域进行高浓度掺杂,而在 电极以外的区域进行低浓度掺杂。这样的结构使得短路电流、开路电压和填充因子从结构原 理端得到较好的改善,最终提高了制备电池的光电转换效率。
2、而双面电池,仅做三步工艺升级即将背面的硅衬底区用作为光接收器与光反射器, 从而形成双面结构电池。双面PERC电池通过背面工艺设计研发,不需额外新增设备人力投 入,在成本上与单晶PERC产品几乎相差无几,在原先单面PERC高转换率的基础之上进一步 做到背面同时发电,这样双面发电对整个系统而言大约增加了5%-25%的系统发电增益。这便 意味着,在生产制造成本没有明显增加的情况下,发电量显著增加,度电成本明显降低。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图;
附图标记:1-栅线电极,2-背减反射钝化保护膜层,3-背钝化层,4-硅衬底,5-N型掺 杂层,6-前减反射钝化保护膜层,7-Ag正电极,8-N+型重掺区。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附 图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明 一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件 可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发 明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人 员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
应注意到:相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项,因此,一旦某一项在一个附 图中被定义,则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。此外,术语“第一”、 “第二”等仅用于区分描述,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明实施方式的描述中,需要说明的是,术语“内”、“外”、“上”等指示的方 位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,或者是该发明产品使用时惯常摆放的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必 须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例提供一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池,包括表面制绒 的硅衬底4,所述硅衬底4背表面依次沉积有背钝化层3和背减反射钝化保护膜层2,背减反射钝化保护膜层2表面丝印有多主栅背面电极图形并激光刻槽,槽设置有格栅电极1,所述硅衬底4前表面沉积有N型掺杂层5和前减反射钝化保护膜层6,N型掺杂层5内设置有 N+型重掺区8,前减反射钝化保护膜层6表面丝印有多主栅电池正面电极图形,多主栅电池 正面电极图形上设置在有与N+型重掺区连接的Ag正电极7。
所述前减反射钝化保护膜层6表面丝印有12条主栅线,主栅线的线宽为1.3±0.05。
所述背钝化层3为厚度3~50nm的Al2O3背钝化层,背减反射钝化保护膜层2为厚度100~150nm背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层,前减反射钝化保护膜层6为厚度70~95nm的氮 化硅减反射钝化保护膜层。
所述前减反射钝化保护膜层6表面丝印和背减反射钝化保护膜层2表面丝印均设置有细 栅,主栅边缘为鱼叉的形状,主栅鱼叉部分能够接触到最边缘细栅。
本实施例中,正电极图形设计:包括理论计算栅线体电阻、细栅与硅的接触电阻、硅片 体电阻等,设计最优细栅线数量,最优的主栅线宽度及节点数量。设计正电极图形总面积, 使得12主栅正极图形面积比5主栅小15%~20%,可以使遮光面积减少的同时降低正银银浆耗 量,设计主栅边缘鱼叉的形状及尺寸,改善印刷质量,提高可靠性,使得主栅鱼叉部分能够 接触到最边缘细栅;边缘鱼叉设计可以降低组件焊接在边缘位置的折弯高度,减少碎片隐裂。 为了满足半片电池图形设计,主栅可设计成两段式。
背电极及背电场图形设计:设计每条背电极段数、每段长度及宽度,设计背电场镂空段 数、每段长度及宽度。优化背极及背场湿重。
实施例2
一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池的其制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、使用复合化学腐蚀溶液对硅衬底进行前清洗和表面制绒;
步骤2、将步骤1的硅衬底置于840℃~870℃的管式扩散炉中,使用POCl3液态源对所 述硅衬底进行扩散,通过四步通源法扩散工艺,制作出高杂质浓度的PSG层和160±8Ω的方 块电阻,正面杂质扩散浓度均匀性低于5%;
步骤3、使用波长为532nm的激光辐照,按照多主栅电池正面电极图形设计SE激光掺杂 图形,进行激光局域烧蚀,在所述硅片的辐照区实现磷的重掺杂而形成N-type高浓度发射 极,制备得到初步的选择性发射结结构;
步骤4、匹配HF和HNO3混合液,对步骤3中所得硅衬底表面发射结和N+发射极层进行 刻蚀,去除硅衬底表面高杂质浓度PSG层,同时去除背部多余PN结回路、对背表面适度抛光;
步骤5、按PERC工艺流程完成氧化退火,制备3~50nm的Al2O3背钝化层及100~150nm 背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层,翻转电池片正面PECVD沉积膜厚70~95nm的氮化硅减反射 钝化保护膜层;
步骤6、在背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层上,按照丝网印刷背面电极图形设计多主栅 背面激光开槽图形,并做激光刻槽;
步骤7、丝网印刷一、二、三、四道使用12BB电池专用网版,在网印二、三、四道增加对位相机、升级对位软件,确保正、背面栅线精确印刷到SE区、背面激光开槽区,同时匹 配12BB+SE+PREC单晶正电极专用浆料,低温快速烧结退火形成低电阻导出电极;
步骤8、订制12BB专用测试机台,完成12BB探针架改造升级,用12BB标片校准,并通过动态测试,完成12BB电池EL测试改造升级,在线测试12BB电池片电性能和EL,完成效 率分档及外观检验,完成SE双面PERC电池的制备过程。
进一步地,步骤1中,所述复合化学腐蚀液是由HF、HNO3、H2SO4、KOH、NaOH、Na2SiO3和DI-water制成,同时向复合化学腐蚀液加入添加剂,添加剂为异丙醇、(NH4)2S2O4、N2H4·H2O一种或多种。
本专利在原有的工艺路线基础上通过电池印刷图形的改变和测试分选的升级,增加电池 正面主栅线数量到12条,可以提升电池转换效率0.05%~0.1%,提升组件功率一个档位 (5~8W)。与5主栅电池相比,12主栅电池能够降低正银耗量20%以上,且多主栅工艺要求 与目前通威太阳能公司的主流设备相匹配,使公司可以在短时间一次性投入较低的情况下拥 有大批量生产该电池产品的能力,从而保证公司产品多样化及新产品附加值优势,新产品占 据一定的市场规模后。
照射在太阳能电池片上的太阳光,一部分射入电池片内部,另一部分会被电池片表面反 射出去。只有成功射入太阳能电池片内部,激发出电子空穴对,且成功被PN结分离才有可 能转换成有效的电能。电荷在离开PN结向电极汇聚的过程中,又会受到电池顶部扩散层电 阻、副栅与硅材料的接触电阻、副栅电阻、主栅电阻等各种电阻损耗。当主栅数量的增加时, 副栅传输电流的距离随之下降,相应的功率损耗与传输距离的平方成反比。正是基于这样的 原理,组件功率损失随主栅数目的增加而逐渐减小。
MBB技术叠加PERC技术及SE(selective emitter)技术,可以有效减少表面复合,提高短波响应,通过多主栅结合高阻密栅技术,将进一步提高电池转换效率。
另外,随着主栅宽度进一步减小,主栅的形状逐渐由直通式向节点式发展,通过减少主 栅宽度与细栅数量,多主栅可以在保持或提高组件功率的前提下大幅度降低银浆耗量,这对 整个光伏技术的发展有着革命性的意义。最终要实现电池转换效率提升≥0.05%,且正电极 主栅与次栅湿重比5BB电池片降低≥0.015g的目标。
Claims (6)
1.一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池,包括表面制绒的硅衬底,其特征在于,所述硅衬底背表面依次沉积有背钝化层和背减反射钝化保护膜层,背减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印有多主栅背面电极图形并激光刻槽,槽设置有格栅电极,所述硅衬底前表面沉积有N型掺杂层和前减反射钝化保护膜层,N型掺杂层设置有N+型重掺区,前减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印有多主栅电池正面电极图形,多主栅电池正面电极图形上设置在有与N+型重掺区连接的Ag正电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池,其特征在于,所述前减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印有12条主栅线,主栅线的线宽为1.3±0.05。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池,其特征在于,所述背钝化层为氧化铝层,背钝化层为厚度3~50nm的Al2O3背钝化层,背减反射钝化保护膜层为厚度100~150nm背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层,前减反射钝化保护膜层为厚度70~95nm的氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池,其特征在于,所述前减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印和背减反射钝化保护膜层表面丝印均设置有细栅,主栅边缘为鱼叉的形状,主栅鱼叉部分能够接触到最边缘细栅。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池的其制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1、使用复合化学腐蚀溶液对硅衬底进行前清洗和表面制绒;
步骤2、将步骤1的硅衬底置于840℃~870℃的管式扩散炉中,使用POCl3液态源对所述硅衬底进行扩散,通过四步通源法扩散工艺,制作出高杂质浓度的PSG层和160±8Ω的方块电阻,正面杂质扩散浓度均匀性低于5%;
步骤3、使用波长为532nm的激光辐照,按照多主栅电池正面电极图形设计SE激光掺杂图形,进行激光局域烧蚀,在所述硅片的辐照区实现磷的重掺杂而形成N-type高浓度发射极,制备得到初步的选择性发射结结构;
步骤4、匹配HF和HNO3混合液,对步骤3中所得硅衬底表面发射结和N+发射极层进行刻蚀,去除硅衬底表面高杂质浓度PSG层,同时去除背部多余PN结回路、对背表面适度抛光;
步骤5、按PERC工艺流程完成氧化退火,制备3~50nm的Al2O3背钝化层及100~150nm背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层,翻转电池片正面PECVD沉积膜厚70~95nm的氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层;
步骤6、在背面氮化硅减反射钝化保护膜层上,按照丝网印刷背面电极图形设计多主栅背面激光开槽图形,并做激光刻槽;
步骤7、丝网印刷一、二、三、四道使用12BB电池专用网版,在网印二、三、四道增加对位相机、升级对位软件,确保正、背面栅线精确印刷到SE区、背面激光开槽区,同时匹配12BB+SE+PREC单晶正电极专用浆料,低温快速烧结退火形成低电阻导出电极;
步骤8、订制12BB专用测试机台,完成12BB探针架改造升级,用12BB标片校准,并通过动态测试,完成12BB电池EL测试改造升级,在线测试12BB电池片电性能和EL,完成效率分档及外观检验,完成SE双面PERC电池的制备过程。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种采用MBB主栅结构的SE双面PERC电池的其制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,所述复合化学腐蚀液是由HF、HNO3、H2SO4、KOH、NaOH、Na2SiO3和DI-water制成,同时向复合化学腐蚀液加入添加剂,添加剂为异丙醇、(NH4)2S2O4、N2H4·H2O一种或多种。
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