CN113405988A - Terahertz imaging method and system based on atomic gas chamber - Google Patents
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a terahertz imaging method and system based on an atomic gas chamber, wherein the real-time imaging of converting terahertz field spatial distribution into optical wave spatial distribution is realized by laser with two wavelengths to a Reidberg atom excited in the atomic gas chamber; therefore, the atom is transferred from the initial rydberg state to another rydberg state in an incoherent manner, when the atom is de-excited from the rydberg state, fluorescence generated by spontaneous radiation is in a visible wave band, the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity is consistent with the distribution of a terahertz field before conversion, and therefore an obtained visible light image is the terahertz image before conversion. The emitted fluorescence can be detected by a CCD (visible light imaging) to obtain terahertz imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of terahertz communication, in particular to a terahertz imaging method and system based on an atomic gas chamber.
Background
Terahertz imaging is one of the key technologies of terahertz, and due to some excellent properties of terahertz, terahertz has wide application in the aspects of security inspection, nondestructive testing and the like. Terahertz waves are electromagnetic waves with the frequency within the range of 0.1 THz-10 THz and the wavelength within the range of 0.03 mm-3 mm, and photons of the terahertz waves have many excellent characteristics such as low energy, fingerprint spectrum, high permeability and the like, so the terahertz waves have great application value in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology and the like. However, the spatial resolution of the conventional imaging technology is limited by the diffraction limit, and is generally difficult to break through millimeter magnitude, so that the imaging application of the terahertz wave in the micro world is greatly limited, and generally, to realize super-resolution imaging of a target sample, evanescent waves of the target sample need to be sensed in a near field.
The traditional terahertz time-domain spectral imaging technology is influenced by the diffraction limit of wavelength, the resolution is only hundreds of microns, and the sub-wavelength imaging measurement is difficult to realize; the near-field imaging is one of research methods for breaking through diffraction limit and obtaining sub-wavelength super-resolution images. The traditional method for obtaining images through scanning based on photoconductive antennas, electro-optic crystals with grids and the like needs to consume a large amount of time, real-time imaging is realized by collecting visible light signals converted by terahertz through a CCD, distribution of terahertz fields is observed from the obtained images, and point-by-point scanning is not needed.
According to the current experiments and theoretical analysis, the terahertz imaging is limited by the influence of factors such as the diffraction effect of terahertz waves and long scanning time, so that the imaging efficiency is low and the imaging effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a terahertz imaging method and system based on an atomic gas chamber, and solves the problems of low imaging efficiency and poor imaging effect caused by the fact that terahertz imaging in the prior art is limited by the diffraction effect of terahertz waves and the influence of long scanning time and other factors.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a terahertz imaging method based on an atomic gas chamber, including:
flat detection light and coupling light are driven into a wafer-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions, wherein the detection light has a first wavelength, and the coupling light has a second wavelength; exciting atoms in the atom gas chamber to a first rydberg state based on a laser two-step excitation method;
acquiring a terahertz field radiated by an imaging target based on a terahertz lens, and enabling terahertz light to be incident to the atomic gas chamber in a direction perpendicular to the directions of the detection light and the coupling light so as to enable atoms in a first rydberg state in the atomic gas chamber to be transferred to a second rydberg state in an incoherent mode; the energy level of the second rydberg state is higher than the energy level of the first rydberg state;
fluorescence in a visible light wave band emitted when atoms are de-excited from the second riedberg state is collected based on a CCD camera, and the fluorescence is converted into an image of a terahertz field.
Preferably, the first wavelength is 515nm and the second wavelength is 852 nm.
Preferably, the probe light and the coupling light are incident into the atomic gas chamber along a diameter direction of the atomic gas chamber, and directions of the probe light and the coupling light are opposite.
Preferably, the method for driving the flat probe light and the coupling light into the disc-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions includes:
generating probe light with a first wavelength and coupled light with a second wavelength based on a laser, and shaping the probe light and the coupled light into a flat shape through an optical system;
and adjusting the directions of the detection light and the coupling light so that the coupling light and the detection light are driven into the circular sheet-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions.
Preferably, the atomic gas chamber is filled with cesium atom vapor.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a terahertz imaging system based on an atomic gas chamber, including:
an atomic gas chamber for loading atomic vapor;
the laser is used for driving flat detection light and coupling light into the wafer-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions, wherein the detection light has a first wavelength, and the coupling light has a second wavelength; exciting atoms in the atom gas chamber to a first rydberg state based on a laser two-step excitation method;
the terahertz lens is used for collecting a terahertz field radiated by an imaging target, and enabling the terahertz light to be vertical to the direction of the detection light and the direction of the coupling light to be incident to the atom gas chamber so as to enable atoms in a first Reedberg state in the atom gas chamber to be incoherently transferred to a second Reedberg state; the energy level of the second rydberg state is higher than the energy level of the first rydberg state;
and the CCD camera is used for collecting the fluorescence emitted by the atoms in the visible light wave band when the atoms are de-excited from the second Reed-burg state and converting the fluorescence into an image of the terahertz field.
Preferably, the first wavelength is 515nm and the second wavelength is 852 nm.
Preferably, the atomic gas chamber is a glass cavity, and the atomic vapor is cesium atomic vapor.
Preferably, the laser comprises a first laser for generating coupled light, a second laser for generating probe light.
According to the terahertz imaging method and system based on the atomic gas chamber, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the real-time imaging of converting terahertz field spatial distribution into optical wave spatial distribution is realized by the aid of laser with two wavelengths to the Reidberg atoms excited in the atomic gas chamber; therefore, the atom is transferred from the initial rydberg state to another rydberg state in an incoherent manner, when the atom is de-excited from the rydberg state, fluorescence generated by spontaneous radiation is in a visible wave band, the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity is consistent with the distribution of a terahertz field before conversion, and therefore an obtained visible light image is the terahertz image before conversion. The emitted fluorescence can be detected by a CCD (visible light imaging) to obtain terahertz imaging.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a terahertz imaging method based on an atomic gas chamber according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is an optical path diagram of an internal structure of an atom-based terahertz camera according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment of the present application, the term "and/or" is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.
The terms "first" and "second" in the embodiments of the present application are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the terms "comprise" and "have", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a system, product or apparatus that comprises a list of elements or components is not limited to only those elements or components but may alternatively include other elements or components not expressly listed or inherent to such product or apparatus. In the description of the present application, "plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically limited otherwise.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
The traditional terahertz time-domain spectral imaging technology is influenced by the diffraction limit of wavelength, the resolution is only hundreds of microns, and the sub-wavelength imaging measurement is difficult to realize; the near-field imaging is one of research methods for breaking through diffraction limit and obtaining sub-wavelength super-resolution images. The traditional method for obtaining images through scanning based on photoconductive antennas, electro-optic crystals with grids and the like needs to consume a large amount of time, real-time imaging is realized by collecting visible light signals converted by terahertz through a CCD, distribution of terahertz fields is observed from the obtained images, and point-by-point scanning is not needed.
According to the current experiments and theoretical analysis, the terahertz imaging is limited by the influence of factors such as the diffraction effect of terahertz waves and long scanning time, so that the imaging efficiency is low and the imaging effect is poor.
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a terahertz imaging method and system based on an atomic gas chamber, wherein atoms are transferred from an initial rydberg state to another rydberg state in an incoherent manner, when the atoms are demagnetized from the rydberg state, fluorescence generated by spontaneous radiation is in a visible band, the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity is consistent with the distribution of a terahertz field before conversion, and therefore, an obtained visible light image is a terahertz image before conversion. The emitted fluorescence can be detected by a CCD (visible light imaging) to obtain terahertz imaging. The following description and description will proceed with reference being made to various embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a terahertz imaging method based on an atomic gas chamber, provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and includes:
s1, flat probe light and coupling light are driven into the wafer-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions, wherein the probe light has a first wavelength, and the coupling light has a second wavelength; exciting atoms in the atom gas chamber to a first rydberg state based on a laser two-step excitation method;
the detection light and the coupling light are driven into the atomic gas chamber along the diameter direction of the atomic gas chamber, and the directions of the detection light and the coupling light are opposite.
Specifically, two lasers with different wavelengths are generated by a laser, namely a detection light with the wavelength of 515nm and a coupling light with the wavelength of 852nm, the detection light and the coupling light are flattened into a flat shape through an optical system, two beams of flat lasers are oppositely injected into a disc-shaped atomic gas chamber, atoms in the atomic gas chamber are coupled with the detection light and the coupling light, so that transition on an energy level is realized, and the atoms in the atomic gas chamber are excited to a first Reedberg state (Reedberg |1> state) by adopting a laser two-step excitation method;
specifically, the atom gas chamber is filled with cesium atom vapor; the energy level structure of the atom is: 6S1/2Is the ground state of cesium atoms; 6P3/2Transition state excited by probe light with wavelength of 852nm from ground state, 25S1/2For coupled light with wavelength of 515nm from 6P3/2The excited transition state.
S2, collecting a terahertz field radiated by an imaging target based on a terahertz lens, and enabling terahertz light to be incident to the atom gas chamber in a direction perpendicular to the directions of the detection light and the coupling light so as to enable atoms in the atom gas chamber in a first Reedberg state to be transferred to a second Reedberg state in an incoherent mode; the energy level of the second rydberg state is higher than the energy level of the first rydberg state;
specifically, a terahertz field radiated by an imaging target is collected through a terahertz lens consisting of a terahertz lens group, the collected external terahertz field is incident to an atom gas chamber perpendicular to the incidence direction of laser, interacts with atoms in a first rydberg state in the atom gas chamber, couples two rydberg energy levels, and non-coherently transfers the atoms in the first rydberg state to a second rydberg state (a rydberg |2> state) with a higher energy level, wherein the second rydberg state can emit fluorescence by de-excitation radiation.
The energy level structure of the atom is: 25P3/2The terahertz is excited by an external THz field as a rydberg state, the frequency of the terahertz is 338GHz, and the terahertz can be provided by human body radiation terahertz, so that cesium atoms are excited to the rydberg state and fluorescence can be radiated.
And S3, collecting fluorescence emitted by atoms when the atoms are de-excited from the second Reedberg state in a visible light wave band based on a CCD camera, and converting the fluorescence into an image of a terahertz field.
In the embodiment of the invention, the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity is consistent with the distribution of the terahertz field before conversion, so that the obtained visible light image is the terahertz image before conversion. The emitted fluorescence can be detected by a CCD (visible light imaging) to obtain terahertz imaging.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention provides a terahertz imaging system based on an atomic gas cell, as shown in fig. 2, including an atomic gas cell 3, a laser, a CCD camera 6, and a terahertz lens 2, wherein a probe light 7 and a coupling light 8 are relatively incident to the atomic gas cell 3 along a coaxial line, and the CCD camera 6 is distributed on one side of a transparent cavity in a direction perpendicular to the axial line. The terahertz lens 2 is arranged between the object to be measured and the atomic gas chamber 3.
Generating two lasers with different wavelengths by using a laser, namely a probe light 7 with the wavelength of 515nm and a coupling light 8 with the wavelength of 852nm, leveling the probe light 7 and the coupling light 8 into a flat shape through an optical system, pumping two flat lasers into a circular-sheet-shaped atom air chamber 3 in opposite directions, coupling atoms in the atom air chamber 3 with the probe light 7 and the coupling light 8 to realize transition on energy levels, and exciting the atoms in the atom air chamber to a first Reidberg state (Reidberg |1> state) by adopting a laser two-step excitation method;
specifically, the atomic gas cell 3 is filled with cesium atomic vapor; the energy level structure of an atom is: 6S1/2Is the ground state of cesium atoms; 6P3/2Transition state excited by probe light with wavelength of 852nm from ground state, 25S1/2For coupled light with wavelength of 515nm from 6P3/2The excited transition state.
An atomic gas cell 3 for loading atomic vapor; the gas is used for loading cesium atoms, and the atoms are coherently excited from a ground state to a Reedberg state by the two laser beams and the collected external terahertz field 1 and spontaneously radiate fluorescence;
the laser is used for driving flat detection light and coupling light into the wafer-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions, wherein the detection light has a first wavelength, and the coupling light has a second wavelength; exciting atoms in the atom gas chamber to a first rydberg state based on a laser two-step excitation method;
the terahertz lens is used for collecting a terahertz field radiated by an imaging target, and enabling the terahertz light to be vertical to the direction of the detection light and the direction of the coupling light to be incident to the atom gas chamber so as to enable atoms in a first Reedberg state in the atom gas chamber to be incoherently transferred to a second Reedberg state; the energy level of the second rydberg state is higher than the energy level of the first rydberg state;
specifically, a terahertz field 1 radiated by an imaging target is collected through a terahertz lens consisting of a terahertz lens group, the collected external terahertz field 1 is incident to an atom gas chamber 3 perpendicular to the incidence direction of laser, interacts with atoms in a first rydberg state in the atom gas chamber 3, couples two rydberg energy levels, and is incoherently transferred to a second rydberg state (a rydberg |2> state) with higher energy level, and the second rydberg state can be subjected to de-excitation radiation to emit fluorescence.
The energy level structure of the atom is: 25P3/2The terahertz is excited by an external THz field as a rydberg state, the frequency of the terahertz is 338GHz, and the terahertz can be provided by human body radiation terahertz, so that cesium atoms are excited to the rydberg state and fluorescence can be radiated.
And the CCD camera is used for collecting the fluorescence emitted by the atoms in the visible light wave band when the atoms are de-excited from the second Reed-burg state and converting the fluorescence into an image of the terahertz field.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an atomic-based terahertz camera in an imaging module, the size of 515 and 852 lasers is the same as the width and thickness of a transparent cavity, the 515 and 852 lasers are relatively incident into the transparent cavity, a terahertz field (human body spontaneous emission terahertz) collected externally is inserted into a terahertz lens 2 between one side of the transparent cavity and the transparent cavity in the direction perpendicular to the lasers to focus and collimate the emitted terahertz, and a lens 4 is interposed between the other side of the transparent cavity and a CCD camera 6 to focus and collimate fluorescence.
In the embodiment of the invention, the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity is consistent with the distribution of the terahertz field before conversion, so that the obtained visible light image is the terahertz image before conversion. The emitted fluorescence can be detected by a CCD camera 6 (visible light imaging) to obtain terahertz imaging.
In summary, according to the terahertz imaging method and system based on the atomic gas chamber provided by the embodiment of the invention, the real-time imaging of converting the terahertz field spatial distribution into the optical wave spatial distribution is realized by the aid of the rydberg atoms excited in the atomic gas chamber by the aid of the laser with two wavelengths; therefore, the atom is transferred from the initial rydberg state to another rydberg state in an incoherent manner, when the atom is de-excited from the rydberg state, fluorescence generated by spontaneous radiation is in a visible wave band, the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity is consistent with the distribution of a terahertz field before conversion, and therefore an obtained visible light image is the terahertz image before conversion. The emitted fluorescence can be detected by a CCD (visible light imaging) to obtain terahertz imaging.
The embodiments of the present invention can be arbitrarily combined to achieve different technical effects.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A terahertz imaging method based on an atomic gas chamber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
flat detection light and coupling light are driven into a wafer-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions, wherein the detection light has a first wavelength, and the coupling light has a second wavelength; exciting atoms in the atom gas chamber to a first rydberg state based on a laser two-step excitation method;
acquiring a terahertz field radiated by an imaging target based on a terahertz lens, and enabling terahertz light to be incident to the atomic gas chamber in a direction perpendicular to the directions of the detection light and the coupling light so as to enable atoms in a first rydberg state in the atomic gas chamber to be transferred to a second rydberg state in an incoherent mode; the energy level of the second rydberg state is higher than the energy level of the first rydberg state;
fluorescence in a visible light wave band emitted when atoms are de-excited from the second riedberg state is collected based on a CCD camera, and the fluorescence is converted into an image of a terahertz field.
2. The atomic gas cell-based terahertz imaging method of claim 1, wherein the first wavelength is 515nm and the second wavelength is 852 nm.
3. The atomic gas chamber-based terahertz imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the probe light and the coupling light are incident into the atomic gas chamber along a diameter direction of the atomic gas chamber, and directions of the probe light and the coupling light are opposite.
4. The terahertz imaging method based on the atomic gas chamber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flat probe light and the coupling light are driven into the wafer-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions, and the method specifically comprises:
generating probe light with a first wavelength and coupled light with a second wavelength based on a laser, and shaping the probe light and the coupled light into a flat shape through an optical system;
and adjusting the directions of the detection light and the coupling light so that the coupling light and the detection light are driven into the circular sheet-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions.
5. The atomic gas cell-based terahertz imaging method of claim 1, wherein the atomic gas cell is filled with cesium atomic vapor.
6. A terahertz imaging system based on an atomic gas chamber is characterized by comprising:
an atomic gas chamber for loading atomic vapor;
the laser is used for driving flat detection light and coupling light into the wafer-shaped atomic gas chamber in opposite directions, wherein the detection light has a first wavelength, and the coupling light has a second wavelength; exciting atoms in the atom gas chamber to a first rydberg state based on a laser two-step excitation method;
the terahertz lens is used for collecting a terahertz field radiated by an imaging target, and enabling the terahertz light to be vertical to the direction of the detection light and the direction of the coupling light to be incident to the atom gas chamber so as to enable atoms in a first Reedberg state in the atom gas chamber to be incoherently transferred to a second Reedberg state; the energy level of the second rydberg state is higher than the energy level of the first rydberg state;
and the CCD camera is used for collecting the fluorescence emitted by the atoms in the visible light wave band when the atoms are de-excited from the second Reed-burg state and converting the fluorescence into an image of the terahertz field.
7. The atomic gas cell-based terahertz imaging system of claim 6, wherein the first wavelength is 515nm and the second wavelength is 852 nm.
8. The atomic gas cell-based terahertz imaging system of claim 6, wherein the atomic gas cell is a glass cavity and the atomic vapor is cesium atomic vapor.
9. The atomic gas cell-based terahertz imaging system of claim 6, wherein the lasers comprise a first laser for generating coupled light, a second laser for generating probe light.
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| CN115407182A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2022-11-29 | 华南师大(清远)科技创新研究院有限公司 | All-optical microwave electric field near-field imaging device and method |
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